The `ALTER TABLE` prefix makes this syntax different from most other systems supporting SQL. It is intended to signify that unlike similar queries in OLTP databases this is a heavy operation not designed for frequent use. `ALTER TABLE` is considered a heavyweight operation that requires the underlying data to be merged before it is deleted. For MergeTree tables, consider using the [`DELETE FROM` query](/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/delete.md), which performs a lightweight delete and can be considerably faster.
The synchronicity of the query processing is defined by the [mutations_sync](/docs/en/operations/settings/settings.md/#mutations_sync) setting. By default, it is asynchronous.