ClickHouse/docs/ru/engines/table-engines/index.md

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# Движки таблиц {#table_engines}
Движок таблицы (тип таблицы) определяет:
- Как и где хранятся данные, куда их писать и откуда читать.
- Какие запросы поддерживаются и каким образом.
- Конкурентный доступ к данным.
- Использование индексов, если есть.
- Возможно ли многопоточное выполнение запроса.
- Параметры репликации данных.
## Семейства движков {#semeistva-dvizhkov}
### MergeTree {#mergetree}
DOCS-624: Fixing links to nowhere (#10675) * enbaskakova-DOCSUP-652 (#101) * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" Co-authored-by: elenbaskakova <elenbaskakova@yandex-team.ru> Co-authored-by: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Revert "enbaskakova-DOCSUP-652 (#101)" (#107) This reverts commit 639fee7610f28e421d14e535b7def3f466e7efca. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Fixed links. Was 60, became 13. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Finished fix links in Enlish version. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Fixed RU links Co-authored-by: elenaspb2019 <47083263+elenaspb2019@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: elenbaskakova <elenbaskakova@yandex-team.ru> Co-authored-by: Sergei Shtykov <bayonet@yandex-team.ru>
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Наиболее универсальные и функциональные движки таблиц для задач с высокой загрузкой. Общим свойством этих движков является быстрая вставка данных с последующей фоновой обработкой данных. Движки `*MergeTree` поддерживают репликацию данных (в [Replicated\*](mergetree-family/replication.md#replication) версиях движков), партиционирование, и другие возможности не поддержанные для других движков.
Движки семейства:
DOCS-624: Fixing links to nowhere (#10675) * enbaskakova-DOCSUP-652 (#101) * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" Co-authored-by: elenbaskakova <elenbaskakova@yandex-team.ru> Co-authored-by: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Revert "enbaskakova-DOCSUP-652 (#101)" (#107) This reverts commit 639fee7610f28e421d14e535b7def3f466e7efca. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Fixed links. Was 60, became 13. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Finished fix links in Enlish version. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Fixed RU links Co-authored-by: elenaspb2019 <47083263+elenaspb2019@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: elenbaskakova <elenbaskakova@yandex-team.ru> Co-authored-by: Sergei Shtykov <bayonet@yandex-team.ru>
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- [MergeTree](mergetree-family/mergetree.md#mergetree)
- [ReplacingMergeTree](mergetree-family/replacingmergetree.md#replacingmergetree)
- [SummingMergeTree](mergetree-family/summingmergetree.md#summingmergetree)
- [AggregatingMergeTree](mergetree-family/aggregatingmergetree.md#aggregatingmergetree)
- [CollapsingMergeTree](mergetree-family/collapsingmergetree.md#table_engine-collapsingmergetree)
- [VersionedCollapsingMergeTree](mergetree-family/versionedcollapsingmergetree.md#versionedcollapsingmergetree)
- [GraphiteMergeTree](mergetree-family/graphitemergetree.md#graphitemergetree)
### Log {#log}
Простые [движки](log-family/index.md) с минимальной функциональностью. Они наиболее эффективны, когда вам нужно быстро записать много небольших таблиц (до примерно 1 миллиона строк) и прочитать их позже целиком.
Движки семейства:
DOCS-624: Fixing links to nowhere (#10675) * enbaskakova-DOCSUP-652 (#101) * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" Co-authored-by: elenbaskakova <elenbaskakova@yandex-team.ru> Co-authored-by: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Revert "enbaskakova-DOCSUP-652 (#101)" (#107) This reverts commit 639fee7610f28e421d14e535b7def3f466e7efca. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Fixed links. Was 60, became 13. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Finished fix links in Enlish version. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Fixed RU links Co-authored-by: elenaspb2019 <47083263+elenaspb2019@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: elenbaskakova <elenbaskakova@yandex-team.ru> Co-authored-by: Sergei Shtykov <bayonet@yandex-team.ru>
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- [TinyLog](log-family/tinylog.md#tinylog)
- [StripeLog](log-family/stripelog.md#stripelog)
- [Log](log-family/log.md#log)
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### Движки для интеграции {#dvizhki-dlia-integratsii}
Движки для связи с другими системами хранения и обработки данных.
Движки семейства:
DOCS-624: Fixing links to nowhere (#10675) * enbaskakova-DOCSUP-652 (#101) * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" Co-authored-by: elenbaskakova <elenbaskakova@yandex-team.ru> Co-authored-by: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Revert "enbaskakova-DOCSUP-652 (#101)" (#107) This reverts commit 639fee7610f28e421d14e535b7def3f466e7efca. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Fixed links. Was 60, became 13. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Finished fix links in Enlish version. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Fixed RU links Co-authored-by: elenaspb2019 <47083263+elenaspb2019@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: elenbaskakova <elenbaskakova@yandex-team.ru> Co-authored-by: Sergei Shtykov <bayonet@yandex-team.ru>
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- [Kafka](integrations/kafka.md#kafka)
- [MySQL](integrations/mysql.md#mysql)
- [ODBC](integrations/odbc.md#table-engine-odbc)
- [JDBC](integrations/jdbc.md#table-engine-jdbc)
### Специальные движки {#spetsialnye-dvizhki}
Движки семейства:
DOCS-624: Fixing links to nowhere (#10675) * enbaskakova-DOCSUP-652 (#101) * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" Co-authored-by: elenbaskakova <elenbaskakova@yandex-team.ru> Co-authored-by: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Revert "enbaskakova-DOCSUP-652 (#101)" (#107) This reverts commit 639fee7610f28e421d14e535b7def3f466e7efca. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Fixed links. Was 60, became 13. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Finished fix links in Enlish version. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Fixed RU links Co-authored-by: elenaspb2019 <47083263+elenaspb2019@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: elenbaskakova <elenbaskakova@yandex-team.ru> Co-authored-by: Sergei Shtykov <bayonet@yandex-team.ru>
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- [Distributed](special/distributed.md#distributed)
- [MaterializedView](special/materializedview.md#materializedview)
- [Dictionary](special/dictionary.md#dictionary)
2020-06-30 08:30:06 +00:00
- [Merge](special/merge.md#merge)
DOCS-624: Fixing links to nowhere (#10675) * enbaskakova-DOCSUP-652 (#101) * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" * "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited" Co-authored-by: elenbaskakova <elenbaskakova@yandex-team.ru> Co-authored-by: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru> * Revert "enbaskakova-DOCSUP-652 (#101)" (#107) This reverts commit 639fee7610f28e421d14e535b7def3f466e7efca. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Fixed links. Was 60, became 13. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Finished fix links in Enlish version. * CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Fixed RU links Co-authored-by: elenaspb2019 <47083263+elenaspb2019@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: elenbaskakova <elenbaskakova@yandex-team.ru> Co-authored-by: Sergei Shtykov <bayonet@yandex-team.ru>
2020-05-06 06:13:29 +00:00
- [File](special/file.md#file)
- [Null](special/null.md#null)
- [Set](special/set.md#set)
- [Join](special/join.md#join)
- [URL](special/url.md#table_engines-url)
- [View](special/view.md#table_engines-view)
- [Memory](special/memory.md#memory)
- [Buffer](special/buffer.md#buffer)
## Виртуальные столбцы {#table_engines-virtual_columns}
Виртуальный столбец — это неотъемлемый атрибут движка таблиц, определенный в исходном коде движка.
Виртуальные столбцы не надо указывать в запросе `CREATE TABLE` и их не отображаются в результатах запросов `SHOW CREATE TABLE` и `DESCRIBE TABLE`. Также виртуальные столбцы доступны только для чтения, поэтому вы не можете вставлять в них данные.
Чтобы получить данные из виртуального столбца, необходимо указать его название в запросе `SELECT`. `SELECT *` не отображает данные из виртуальных столбцов.
При создании таблицы со столбцом, имя которого совпадает с именем одного из виртуальных столбцов таблицы, виртуальный столбец становится недоступным. Не делайте так. Чтобы помочь избежать конфликтов, имена виртуальных столбцов обычно предваряются подчеркиванием.
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[Оригинальная статья](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/) <!--hide-->