ClickHouse/docs/en/query_language/functions/functions_for_nulls.md

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# Functions for working with Nullable aggregates
## isNull
WIP on docs (#3813) * CLICKHOUSE-4063: less manual html @ index.md * CLICKHOUSE-4063: recommend markdown="1" in README.md * CLICKHOUSE-4003: manually purge custom.css for now * CLICKHOUSE-4064: expand <details> before any print (including to pdf) * CLICKHOUSE-3927: rearrange interfaces/formats.md a bit * CLICKHOUSE-3306: add few http headers * Remove copy-paste introduced in #3392 * Hopefully better chinese fonts #3392 * get rid of tabs @ custom.css * Apply comments and patch from #3384 * Add jdbc.md to ToC and some translation, though it still looks badly incomplete * minor punctuation * Add some backlinks to official website from mirrors that just blindly take markdown sources * Do not make fonts extra light * find . -name '*.md' -type f | xargs -I{} perl -pi -e 's//g' {} * find . -name '*.md' -type f | xargs -I{} perl -pi -e 's/ sql/g' {} * Remove outdated stuff from roadmap.md * Not so light font on front page too * Refactor Chinese formats.md to match recent changes in other languages * Update some links on front page * Remove some outdated comment * Add twitter link to front page * More front page links tuning * Add Amsterdam meetup link * Smaller font to avoid second line * Add Amsterdam link to README.md * Proper docs nav translation * Back to 300 font-weight except Chinese * fix docs build * Update Amsterdam link * remove symlinks * more zh punctuation * apply lost comment by @zhang2014 * Apply comments by @zhang2014 from #3417 * Remove Beijing link * rm incorrect symlink * restore content of docs/zh/operations/table_engines/index.md * CLICKHOUSE-3751: stem terms while searching docs * CLICKHOUSE-3751: use English stemmer in non-English docs too * CLICKHOUSE-4135 fix * Remove past meetup link * Add blog link to top nav * Add ContentSquare article link * Add form link to front page + refactor some texts * couple markup fixes * minor * Introduce basic ODBC driver page in docs * More verbose 3rd party libs disclaimer * Put third-party stuff into a separate folder * Separate third-party stuff in ToC too * Update links * Move stuff that is not really (only) a client library into a separate page * Add clickhouse-hdfs-loader link * Some introduction for "interfaces" section * Rewrite tcp.md * http_interface.md -> http.md * fix link * Remove unconvenient error for now * try to guess anchor instead of failing * remove symlink * Remove outdated info from introduction * remove ru roadmap.md * replace ru roadmap.md with symlink * Update roadmap.md * lost file * Title case in toc_en.yml * Sync "Functions" ToC section with en * Remove reference to pretty old ClickHouse release from docs * couple lost symlinks in fa * Close quote in proper place * Rewrite en/getting_started/index.md * Sync en<>ru getting_started/index.md * minor changes * Some gui.md refactoring * Translate DataGrip section to ru * Translate DataGrip section to zh * Translate DataGrip section to fa * Translate DBeaver section to fa * Translate DBeaver section to zh * Split third-party GUI to open-source and commercial * Mention some RDBMS integrations + ad-hoc translation fixes * Add rel="external nofollow" to outgoing links from docs * Lost blank lines * Fix class name * More rel="external nofollow" * Apply suggestions by @sundy-li * Mobile version of front page improvements * test * test 2 * test 3 * Update LICENSE * minor docs fix * Highlight current article as suggested by @sundy-li * fix link destination * Introduce backup.md (only "en" for now) * Mention INSERT+SELECT in backup.md * Some improvements for replication.md * Add backup.md to toc * Mention clickhouse-backup tool * Mention LightHouse in third-party GUI list * Introduce interfaces/third-party/proxy.md * Add clickhouse-bulk to proxy.md * Major extension of integrations.md contents * fix link target * remove unneeded file * better toc item name * fix markdown * better ru punctuation * Add yet another possible backup approach * Simplify copying permalinks to headers * Support non-eng link anchors in docs + update some deps * Generate anchors for single-page mode automatically * Remove anchors to top of pages * Remove anchors that nobody links to * build fixes * fix few links * restore css * fix some links * restore gifs * fix lost words * more docs fixes * docs fixes * NULL anchor * update urllib3 dependency * more fixes
2018-12-12 17:28:00 +00:00
Checks whether the argument is [NULL](../syntax.md#null).
```
isNull(x)
```
**Parameters**
- `x` — A value with a non-compound data type.
**Returned value**
- `1` if `x` is `NULL`.
- `0` if `x` is not `NULL`.
**Example**
Input table
```
┌─x─┬────y─┐
│ 1 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
│ 2 │ 3 │
└───┴──────┘
```
Query
```
:) SELECT x FROM t_null WHERE isNull(y)
SELECT x
FROM t_null
WHERE isNull(y)
┌─x─┐
│ 1 │
└───┘
1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.010 sec.
```
## isNotNull
WIP on docs (#3813) * CLICKHOUSE-4063: less manual html @ index.md * CLICKHOUSE-4063: recommend markdown="1" in README.md * CLICKHOUSE-4003: manually purge custom.css for now * CLICKHOUSE-4064: expand <details> before any print (including to pdf) * CLICKHOUSE-3927: rearrange interfaces/formats.md a bit * CLICKHOUSE-3306: add few http headers * Remove copy-paste introduced in #3392 * Hopefully better chinese fonts #3392 * get rid of tabs @ custom.css * Apply comments and patch from #3384 * Add jdbc.md to ToC and some translation, though it still looks badly incomplete * minor punctuation * Add some backlinks to official website from mirrors that just blindly take markdown sources * Do not make fonts extra light * find . -name '*.md' -type f | xargs -I{} perl -pi -e 's//g' {} * find . -name '*.md' -type f | xargs -I{} perl -pi -e 's/ sql/g' {} * Remove outdated stuff from roadmap.md * Not so light font on front page too * Refactor Chinese formats.md to match recent changes in other languages * Update some links on front page * Remove some outdated comment * Add twitter link to front page * More front page links tuning * Add Amsterdam meetup link * Smaller font to avoid second line * Add Amsterdam link to README.md * Proper docs nav translation * Back to 300 font-weight except Chinese * fix docs build * Update Amsterdam link * remove symlinks * more zh punctuation * apply lost comment by @zhang2014 * Apply comments by @zhang2014 from #3417 * Remove Beijing link * rm incorrect symlink * restore content of docs/zh/operations/table_engines/index.md * CLICKHOUSE-3751: stem terms while searching docs * CLICKHOUSE-3751: use English stemmer in non-English docs too * CLICKHOUSE-4135 fix * Remove past meetup link * Add blog link to top nav * Add ContentSquare article link * Add form link to front page + refactor some texts * couple markup fixes * minor * Introduce basic ODBC driver page in docs * More verbose 3rd party libs disclaimer * Put third-party stuff into a separate folder * Separate third-party stuff in ToC too * Update links * Move stuff that is not really (only) a client library into a separate page * Add clickhouse-hdfs-loader link * Some introduction for "interfaces" section * Rewrite tcp.md * http_interface.md -> http.md * fix link * Remove unconvenient error for now * try to guess anchor instead of failing * remove symlink * Remove outdated info from introduction * remove ru roadmap.md * replace ru roadmap.md with symlink * Update roadmap.md * lost file * Title case in toc_en.yml * Sync "Functions" ToC section with en * Remove reference to pretty old ClickHouse release from docs * couple lost symlinks in fa * Close quote in proper place * Rewrite en/getting_started/index.md * Sync en<>ru getting_started/index.md * minor changes * Some gui.md refactoring * Translate DataGrip section to ru * Translate DataGrip section to zh * Translate DataGrip section to fa * Translate DBeaver section to fa * Translate DBeaver section to zh * Split third-party GUI to open-source and commercial * Mention some RDBMS integrations + ad-hoc translation fixes * Add rel="external nofollow" to outgoing links from docs * Lost blank lines * Fix class name * More rel="external nofollow" * Apply suggestions by @sundy-li * Mobile version of front page improvements * test * test 2 * test 3 * Update LICENSE * minor docs fix * Highlight current article as suggested by @sundy-li * fix link destination * Introduce backup.md (only "en" for now) * Mention INSERT+SELECT in backup.md * Some improvements for replication.md * Add backup.md to toc * Mention clickhouse-backup tool * Mention LightHouse in third-party GUI list * Introduce interfaces/third-party/proxy.md * Add clickhouse-bulk to proxy.md * Major extension of integrations.md contents * fix link target * remove unneeded file * better toc item name * fix markdown * better ru punctuation * Add yet another possible backup approach * Simplify copying permalinks to headers * Support non-eng link anchors in docs + update some deps * Generate anchors for single-page mode automatically * Remove anchors to top of pages * Remove anchors that nobody links to * build fixes * fix few links * restore css * fix some links * restore gifs * fix lost words * more docs fixes * docs fixes * NULL anchor * update urllib3 dependency * more fixes
2018-12-12 17:28:00 +00:00
Checks whether the argument is [NULL](../syntax.md#null).
```
isNotNull(x)
```
**Parameters:**
- `x` — A value with a non-compound data type.
**Returned value**
- `0` if `x` is `NULL`.
- `1` if `x` is not `NULL`.
**Example**
Input table
```
┌─x─┬────y─┐
│ 1 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
│ 2 │ 3 │
└───┴──────┘
```
Query
```
:) SELECT x FROM t_null WHERE isNotNull(y)
SELECT x
FROM t_null
WHERE isNotNull(y)
┌─x─┐
│ 2 │
└───┘
1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.010 sec.
```
## coalesce
Checks from left to right whether `NULL` arguments were passed and returns the first non-`NULL` argument.
```
coalesce(x,...)
```
**Parameters:**
- Any number of parameters of a non-compound type. All parameters must be compatible by data type.
**Returned values**
- The first non-`NULL` argument.
- `NULL`, if all arguments are `NULL`.
**Example**
Consider a list of contacts that may specify multiple ways to contact a customer.
```
┌─name─────┬─mail─┬─phone─────┬──icq─┐
│ client 1 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │ 123-45-67 │ 123 │
│ client 2 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
└──────────┴──────┴───────────┴──────┘
```
The `mail` and `phone` fields are of type String, but the `icq` field is `UInt32`, so it needs to be converted to `String`.
Get the first available contact method for the customer from the contact list:
```
:) SELECT coalesce(mail, phone, CAST(icq,'Nullable(String)')) FROM aBook
SELECT coalesce(mail, phone, CAST(icq, 'Nullable(String)'))
FROM aBook
┌─name─────┬─coalesce(mail, phone, CAST(icq, 'Nullable(String)'))─┐
│ client 1 │ 123-45-67 │
│ client 2 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
└──────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
2 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.006 sec.
```
## ifNull
Returns an alternative value if the main argument is `NULL`.
```
ifNull(x,alt)
```
**Parameters:**
- `x` — The value to check for `NULL`.
- `alt` — The value that the function returns if `x` is `NULL`.
**Returned values**
- The value `x`, if `x` is not `NULL`.
- The value `alt`, if `x` is `NULL`.
**Example**
```
SELECT ifNull('a', 'b')
┌─ifNull('a', 'b')─┐
│ a │
└──────────────────┘
```
```
SELECT ifNull(NULL, 'b')
┌─ifNull(NULL, 'b')─┐
│ b │
└───────────────────┘
```
## nullIf
Returns `NULL` if the arguments are equal.
```
nullIf(x, y)
```
**Parameters:**
`x`, `y` — Values for comparison. They must be compatible types, or ClickHouse will generate an exception.
**Returned values**
- `NULL`, if the arguments are equal.
- The `x` value, if the arguments are not equal.
**Example**
```
SELECT nullIf(1, 1)
┌─nullIf(1, 1)─┐
│ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
└──────────────┘
```
```
SELECT nullIf(1, 2)
┌─nullIf(1, 2)─┐
│ 1 │
└──────────────┘
```
## assumeNotNull
Results in a value of type [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md) for a non- `Nullable`, if the value is not `NULL`.
```
assumeNotNull(x)
```
**Parameters:**
- `x` — The original value.
**Returned values**
- The original value from the non-`Nullable` type, if it is not `NULL`.
- The default value for the non-`Nullable` type if the original value was `NULL`.
**Example**
Consider the `t_null` table.
```
SHOW CREATE TABLE t_null
┌─statement─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ CREATE TABLE default.t_null ( x Int8, y Nullable(Int8)) ENGINE = TinyLog │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
```
┌─x─┬────y─┐
│ 1 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
│ 2 │ 3 │
└───┴──────┘
```
Apply the `assumeNotNull` function to the `y` column.
```
SELECT assumeNotNull(y) FROM t_null
┌─assumeNotNull(y)─┐
│ 0 │
│ 3 │
└──────────────────┘
```
```
SELECT toTypeName(assumeNotNull(y)) FROM t_null
┌─toTypeName(assumeNotNull(y))─┐
│ Int8 │
│ Int8 │
└──────────────────────────────┘
```
## toNullable
Converts the argument type to `Nullable`.
```
toNullable(x)
```
**Parameters:**
- `x` — The value of any non-compound type.
**Returned value**
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- The input value with a `Nullable` type.
**Example**
```
SELECT toTypeName(10)
┌─toTypeName(10)─┐
│ UInt8 │
└────────────────┘
SELECT toTypeName(toNullable(10))
┌─toTypeName(toNullable(10))─┐
│ Nullable(UInt8) │
└────────────────────────────┘
```
[Original article](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/query_language/functions/functions_for_nulls/) <!--hide-->