2022-08-26 19:07:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
slug: /zh/operations/tips
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
# 使用建议 {#usage-recommendations}
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## CPU频率调节器 {#cpu-scaling-governor}
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
始终使用 `performance` 频率调节器。 `on-demand` 频率调节器在持续高需求的情况下,效果更差。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-20 18:20:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
``` bash
|
2019-01-24 14:55:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
echo 'performance' | sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## CPU限制 {#cpu-limitations}
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
处理器可能会过热。 使用 `dmesg` 查看CPU的时钟速率是否由于过热而受到限制。
|
|
|
|
|
该限制也可以在数据中心级别外部设置。 您可以使用 `turbostat` 在负载下对其进行监控。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-20 18:20:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## RAM {#ram}
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
对于少量数据(压缩后约200GB),最好使用与数据量一样多的内存。
|
|
|
|
|
对于大量数据,以及在处理交互式(在线)查询时,应使用合理数量的RAM(128GB或更多),以便热数据子集适合页面缓存。
|
|
|
|
|
即使对于每台服务器约50TB的数据量,与64GB相比,使用128GB的RAM也可以显着提高查询性能。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
不要禁用 overcommit。`cat /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory` 的值应该为0或1。运行
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
``` bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ echo 0 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-11-11 07:46:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 大页(Huge Pages) {#huge-pages}
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
始终禁用透明大页(transparent huge pages)。 它会干扰内存分配器,从而导致显着的性能下降。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-20 18:20:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
``` bash
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
echo 'never' | sudo tee /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
使用 `perf top` 来查看内核在内存管理上花费的时间。
|
2020-11-11 07:46:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
永久大页(permanent huge pages)也不需要被分配。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 存储子系统 {#storage-subsystem}
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
如果您的预算允许您使用SSD,请使用SSD。
|
|
|
|
|
如果没有,请使用硬盘。 SATA硬盘7200转就行了。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
优先选择许多带有本地硬盘驱动器的服务器,而不是少量带有附加磁盘架的服务器。
|
|
|
|
|
但是对于存储极少查询的档案,架子可以使用。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-20 18:20:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## RAID {#raid}
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
当使用硬盘,你可以结合他们的RAID-10,RAID-5,RAID-6或RAID-50。
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
对于Linux,软件RAID更好(使用 `mdadm`). 我们不建议使用LVM。
|
2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
当创建RAID-10,选择 `far` 布局。
|
|
|
|
|
如果您的预算允许,请选择RAID-10。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
如果您有4个以上的磁盘,请使用RAID-6(首选)或RAID-50,而不是RAID-5。
|
2020-10-13 17:23:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
当使用RAID-5、RAID-6或RAID-50时,始终增加stripe_cache_size,因为默认值通常不是最佳选择。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-20 18:20:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
``` bash
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
echo 4096 | sudo tee /sys/block/md2/md/stripe_cache_size
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
使用以下公式从设备数量和块大小中计算出确切的数量: `2 * num_devices * chunk_size_in_bytes / 4096`。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
1024KB的块大小足以满足所有RAID配置。
|
2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
切勿将块大小设置得太小或太大。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
您可以在SSD上使用RAID-0。
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
无论使用哪种RAID,始终使用复制来保证数据安全。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
启用有长队列的NCQ。 对于HDD,选择CFQ调度程序,对于SSD,选择noop。 不要减少 ‘readahead’ 设置。
|
2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
对于HDD,启用写入缓存。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 文件系统 {#file-system}
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-10-22 06:09:34 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Ext4是最可靠的选择。 设置挂载选项 `noatime`.
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
XFS也是合适的,但它还没有经过ClickHouse的全面测试。
|
|
|
|
|
大多数其他文件系统也应该可以正常工作。 具有延迟分配的文件系统工作得更好。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## Linux内核 {#linux-kernel}
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
不要使用过时的Linux内核。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## 网络 {#network}
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
如果使用的是IPv6,请增加路由缓存的大小。
|
|
|
|
|
3.2之前的Linux内核在IPv6实现方面存在许多问题。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
如果可能的话,至少使用10GB的网络。1GB也可以工作,但对于使用数十TB的数据修补副本或处理具有大量中间数据的分布式查询,情况会更糟。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 虚拟机监视器(Hypervisor)配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
如果您使用的是OpenStack,请在nova.conf中设置
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
cpu_mode=host-passthrough
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
如果您使用的是libvirt,请在XML配置中设置
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
<cpu mode='host-passthrough'/>
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
这对于ClickHouse能够通过 `cpuid` 指令获取正确的信息非常重要。
|
|
|
|
|
否则,当在旧的CPU型号上运行虚拟机监视器时,可能会导致 `Illegal instruction` 崩溃。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-11-11 07:46:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
## Zookeeper {#zookeeper}
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
您可能已经将ZooKeeper用于其他目的。 如果它还没有超载,您可以使用相同的zookeeper。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
最好使用新版本的Zookeeper – 3.4.9 或更高的版本. 稳定的Liunx发行版中的Zookeeper版本可能已过时。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
你永远不要使用手动编写的脚本在不同的Zookeeper集群之间传输数据, 这可能会导致序列节点的数据不正确。出于相同的原因,永远不要使用 zkcopy 工具: https://github.com/ksprojects/zkcopy/issues/15
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
如果要将现有的ZooKeeper集群分为两个,正确的方法是增加其副本的数量,然后将其重新配置为两个独立的集群。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
不要在ClickHouse所在的服务器上运行ZooKeeper。 因为ZooKeeper对延迟非常敏感,而ClickHouse可能会占用所有可用的系统资源。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-11-11 07:46:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
默认设置下,ZooKeeper 就像是一个定时炸弹:
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
当使用默认配置时,ZooKeeper服务器不会从旧的快照和日志中删除文件(请参阅autopurge),这是操作员的责任。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-11-11 07:46:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
必须拆除炸弹。
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-11-11 07:46:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
下面的ZooKeeper(3.5.1)配置在 Yandex.Metrica 的生产环境中使用截至2017年5月20日:
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-11-11 07:46:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
zoo.cfg:
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-20 18:20:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
``` bash
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
# http://hadoop.apache.org/zookeeper/docs/current/zookeeperAdmin.html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# The number of milliseconds of each tick
|
|
|
|
|
tickTime=2000
|
|
|
|
|
# The number of ticks that the initial
|
|
|
|
|
# synchronization phase can take
|
|
|
|
|
initLimit=30000
|
|
|
|
|
# The number of ticks that can pass between
|
|
|
|
|
# sending a request and getting an acknowledgement
|
|
|
|
|
syncLimit=10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
maxClientCnxns=2000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
maxSessionTimeout=60000000
|
|
|
|
|
# the directory where the snapshot is stored.
|
2020-03-18 13:02:32 +00:00
|
|
|
|
dataDir=/opt/zookeeper/{{ '{{' }} cluster['name'] {{ '}}' }}/data
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
# Place the dataLogDir to a separate physical disc for better performance
|
2020-03-18 13:02:32 +00:00
|
|
|
|
dataLogDir=/opt/zookeeper/{{ '{{' }} cluster['name'] {{ '}}' }}/logs
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
autopurge.snapRetainCount=10
|
|
|
|
|
autopurge.purgeInterval=1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# To avoid seeks ZooKeeper allocates space in the transaction log file in
|
|
|
|
|
# blocks of preAllocSize kilobytes. The default block size is 64M. One reason
|
|
|
|
|
# for changing the size of the blocks is to reduce the block size if snapshots
|
|
|
|
|
# are taken more often. (Also, see snapCount).
|
|
|
|
|
preAllocSize=131072
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Clients can submit requests faster than ZooKeeper can process them,
|
|
|
|
|
# especially if there are a lot of clients. To prevent ZooKeeper from running
|
|
|
|
|
# out of memory due to queued requests, ZooKeeper will throttle clients so that
|
|
|
|
|
# there is no more than globalOutstandingLimit outstanding requests in the
|
|
|
|
|
# system. The default limit is 1,000.ZooKeeper logs transactions to a
|
|
|
|
|
# transaction log. After snapCount transactions are written to a log file a
|
|
|
|
|
# snapshot is started and a new transaction log file is started. The default
|
|
|
|
|
# snapCount is 10,000.
|
|
|
|
|
snapCount=3000000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# If this option is defined, requests will be will logged to a trace file named
|
|
|
|
|
# traceFile.year.month.day.
|
|
|
|
|
#traceFile=
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Leader accepts client connections. Default value is "yes". The leader machine
|
|
|
|
|
# coordinates updates. For higher update throughput at thes slight expense of
|
|
|
|
|
# read throughput the leader can be configured to not accept clients and focus
|
|
|
|
|
# on coordination.
|
|
|
|
|
leaderServes=yes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
standaloneEnabled=false
|
2020-03-18 13:02:32 +00:00
|
|
|
|
dynamicConfigFile=/etc/zookeeper-{{ '{{' }} cluster['name'] {{ '}}' }}/conf/zoo.cfg.dynamic
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Java版本:
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-21 04:11:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_25-b17)
|
|
|
|
|
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.25-b02, mixed mode)
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
|
|
|
|
JVM参数:
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-20 18:20:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
``` bash
|
2020-03-18 13:02:32 +00:00
|
|
|
|
NAME=zookeeper-{{ '{{' }} cluster['name'] {{ '}}' }}
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
ZOOCFGDIR=/etc/$NAME/conf
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# TODO this is really ugly
|
|
|
|
|
# How to find out, which jars are needed?
|
|
|
|
|
# seems, that log4j requires the log4j.properties file to be in the classpath
|
|
|
|
|
CLASSPATH="$ZOOCFGDIR:/usr/build/classes:/usr/build/lib/*.jar:/usr/share/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.5.1-metrika.jar:/usr/share/zookeeper/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar:/usr/share/zookeeper/slf4j-api-1.7.5.jar:/usr/share/zookeeper/servlet-api-2.5-20081211.jar:/usr/share/zookeeper/netty-3.7.0.Final.jar:/usr/share/zookeeper/log4j-1.2.16.jar:/usr/share/zookeeper/jline-2.11.jar:/usr/share/zookeeper/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/usr/share/zookeeper/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/usr/share/zookeeper/javacc.jar:/usr/share/zookeeper/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.11.jar:/usr/share/zookeeper/jackson-core-asl-1.9.11.jar:/usr/share/zookeeper/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/usr/src/java/lib/*.jar:/usr/etc/zookeeper"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ZOOCFG="$ZOOCFGDIR/zoo.cfg"
|
|
|
|
|
ZOO_LOG_DIR=/var/log/$NAME
|
|
|
|
|
USER=zookeeper
|
|
|
|
|
GROUP=zookeeper
|
|
|
|
|
PIDDIR=/var/run/$NAME
|
|
|
|
|
PIDFILE=$PIDDIR/$NAME.pid
|
|
|
|
|
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
|
|
|
|
|
JAVA=/usr/bin/java
|
|
|
|
|
ZOOMAIN="org.apache.zookeeper.server.quorum.QuorumPeerMain"
|
|
|
|
|
ZOO_LOG4J_PROP="INFO,ROLLINGFILE"
|
|
|
|
|
JMXLOCALONLY=false
|
2020-03-18 13:02:32 +00:00
|
|
|
|
JAVA_OPTS="-Xms{{ '{{' }} cluster.get('xms','128M') {{ '}}' }} \
|
|
|
|
|
-Xmx{{ '{{' }} cluster.get('xmx','1G') {{ '}}' }} \
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
-Xloggc:/var/log/$NAME/zookeeper-gc.log \
|
|
|
|
|
-XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation \
|
|
|
|
|
-XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=16 \
|
|
|
|
|
-XX:GCLogFileSize=16M \
|
|
|
|
|
-verbose:gc \
|
|
|
|
|
-XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps \
|
|
|
|
|
-XX:+PrintGCDateStamps \
|
|
|
|
|
-XX:+PrintGCDetails
|
|
|
|
|
-XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution \
|
|
|
|
|
-XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime \
|
|
|
|
|
-XX:+PrintGCApplicationConcurrentTime \
|
|
|
|
|
-XX:+PrintSafepointStatistics \
|
|
|
|
|
-XX:+UseParNewGC \
|
|
|
|
|
-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC \
|
|
|
|
|
-XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled"
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-24 09:43:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
初始化:
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-21 04:11:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
description "zookeeper-{{ '{{' }} cluster['name'] {{ '}}' }} centralized coordination service"
|
2020-03-20 18:20:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-21 04:11:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
start on runlevel [2345]
|
|
|
|
|
stop on runlevel [!2345]
|
2020-03-20 18:20:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-21 04:11:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
respawn
|
2020-03-20 18:20:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-21 04:11:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
limit nofile 8192 8192
|
2020-03-20 18:20:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-21 04:11:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
pre-start script
|
|
|
|
|
[ -r "/etc/zookeeper-{{ '{{' }} cluster['name'] {{ '}}' }}/conf/environment" ] || exit 0
|
|
|
|
|
. /etc/zookeeper-{{ '{{' }} cluster['name'] {{ '}}' }}/conf/environment
|
|
|
|
|
[ -d $ZOO_LOG_DIR ] || mkdir -p $ZOO_LOG_DIR
|
|
|
|
|
chown $USER:$GROUP $ZOO_LOG_DIR
|
|
|
|
|
end script
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-03-21 04:11:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
script
|
|
|
|
|
. /etc/zookeeper-{{ '{{' }} cluster['name'] {{ '}}' }}/conf/environment
|
|
|
|
|
[ -r /etc/default/zookeeper ] && . /etc/default/zookeeper
|
|
|
|
|
if [ -z "$JMXDISABLE" ]; then
|
|
|
|
|
JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.local.only=$JMXLOCALONLY"
|
|
|
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
|
exec start-stop-daemon --start -c $USER --exec $JAVA --name zookeeper-{{ '{{' }} cluster['name'] {{ '}}' }} \
|
|
|
|
|
-- -cp $CLASSPATH $JAVA_OPTS -Dzookeeper.log.dir=${ZOO_LOG_DIR} \
|
|
|
|
|
-Dzookeeper.root.logger=${ZOO_LOG4J_PROP} $ZOOMAIN $ZOOCFG
|
|
|
|
|
end script
|
2018-11-30 19:26:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-09-19 20:05:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
[原始文章](https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/operations/tips/) <!--hide-->
|