ClickHouse/src/Storages/StorageFile.cpp

#include <Storages/StorageFile.h>
#include <Storages/StorageFactory.h>

#include <Interpreters/Context.h>
#include <Interpreters/evaluateConstantExpression.h>

#include <Parsers/ASTLiteral.h>
#include <Parsers/ASTIdentifier.h>

#include <IO/ReadBufferFromFile.h>
#include <IO/ReadHelpers.h>
#include <IO/WriteBufferFromFile.h>
#include <IO/WriteHelpers.h>

#include <Formats/FormatFactory.h>
#include <DataTypes/DataTypeString.h>
#include <DataStreams/IBlockInputStream.h>
#include <DataStreams/IBlockOutputStream.h>
#include <DataStreams/AddingDefaultsBlockInputStream.h>

#include <Common/escapeForFileName.h>
#include <Common/typeid_cast.h>
#include <Common/parseGlobs.h>

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <Poco/Path.h>
#include <Poco/File.h>

#include <re2/re2.h>
#include <filesystem>
#include <Storages/Distributed/DirectoryMonitor.h>
#include <Processors/Sources/SourceWithProgress.h>
#include <Processors/Pipe.h>

namespace fs = std::filesystem;

namespace DB
{

namespace ErrorCodes
{
    extern const int BAD_ARGUMENTS;
    extern const int NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    extern const int CANNOT_SEEK_THROUGH_FILE;
    extern const int CANNOT_TRUNCATE_FILE;
    extern const int DATABASE_ACCESS_DENIED;
    extern const int NUMBER_OF_ARGUMENTS_DOESNT_MATCH;
    extern const int UNKNOWN_IDENTIFIER;
    extern const int INCORRECT_FILE_NAME;
    extern const int FILE_DOESNT_EXIST;
    extern const int INCOMPATIBLE_COLUMNS;
}

namespace
{

/* Recursive directory listing with matched paths as a result.
 * Have the same method in StorageHDFS.
 */
std::vector<std::string> listFilesWithRegexpMatching(const std::string & path_for_ls, const std::string & for_match)
{
    const size_t first_glob = for_match.find_first_of("*?{");

    const size_t end_of_path_without_globs = for_match.substr(0, first_glob).rfind('/');
    const std::string suffix_with_globs = for_match.substr(end_of_path_without_globs);   /// begin with '/'

    const size_t next_slash = suffix_with_globs.find('/', 1);
    auto regexp = makeRegexpPatternFromGlobs(suffix_with_globs.substr(0, next_slash));
    re2::RE2 matcher(regexp);

    std::vector<std::string> result;
    const std::string prefix_without_globs = path_for_ls + for_match.substr(1, end_of_path_without_globs);
    if (!fs::exists(fs::path(prefix_without_globs)))
    {
        return result;
    }
    const fs::directory_iterator end;
    for (fs::directory_iterator it(prefix_without_globs); it != end; ++it)
    {
        const std::string full_path = it->path().string();
        const size_t last_slash = full_path.rfind('/');
        const String file_name = full_path.substr(last_slash);
        const bool looking_for_directory = next_slash != std::string::npos;
        /// Condition is_directory means what kind of path is it in current iteration of ls
        if (!fs::is_directory(it->path()) && !looking_for_directory)
        {
            if (re2::RE2::FullMatch(file_name, matcher))
            {
                result.push_back(it->path().string());
            }
        }
        else if (fs::is_directory(it->path()) && looking_for_directory)
        {
            if (re2::RE2::FullMatch(file_name, matcher))
            {
                /// Recursion depth is limited by pattern. '*' works only for depth = 1, for depth = 2 pattern path is '*/*'. So we do not need additional check.
                Strings result_part = listFilesWithRegexpMatching(full_path + "/", suffix_with_globs.substr(next_slash));
                std::move(result_part.begin(), result_part.end(), std::back_inserter(result));
            }
        }
    }
    return result;
}

std::string getTablePath(const std::string & table_dir_path, const std::string & format_name)
{
    return table_dir_path + "/data." + escapeForFileName(format_name);
}

/// Both db_dir_path and table_path must be converted to absolute paths (in particular, path cannot contain '..').
void checkCreationIsAllowed(const Context & context_global, const std::string & db_dir_path, const std::string & table_path)
{
    if (context_global.getApplicationType() != Context::ApplicationType::SERVER)
        return;

    /// "/dev/null" is allowed for perf testing
    if (!startsWith(table_path, db_dir_path) && table_path != "/dev/null")
        throw Exception("File is not inside " + db_dir_path, ErrorCodes::DATABASE_ACCESS_DENIED);

    Poco::File table_path_poco_file = Poco::File(table_path);
    if (table_path_poco_file.exists() && table_path_poco_file.isDirectory())
        throw Exception("File must not be a directory", ErrorCodes::INCORRECT_FILE_NAME);
}
}

Strings StorageFile::getPathsList(const String & table_path, const String & user_files_path, const Context & context)
{
    String user_files_absolute_path = Poco::Path(user_files_path).makeAbsolute().makeDirectory().toString();
    Poco::Path poco_path = Poco::Path(table_path);
    if (poco_path.isRelative())
        poco_path = Poco::Path(user_files_absolute_path, poco_path);

    Strings paths;
    const String path = poco_path.absolute().toString();
    if (path.find_first_of("*?{") == std::string::npos)
        paths.push_back(path);
    else
        paths = listFilesWithRegexpMatching("/", path);

    for (const auto & cur_path : paths)
        checkCreationIsAllowed(context, user_files_absolute_path, cur_path);

    return paths;
}

StorageFile::StorageFile(int table_fd_, CommonArguments args)
    : StorageFile(args)
{
    if (args.context.getApplicationType() == Context::ApplicationType::SERVER)
        throw Exception("Using file descriptor as source of storage isn't allowed for server daemons", ErrorCodes::DATABASE_ACCESS_DENIED);
    if (args.format_name == "Distributed")
        throw Exception("Distributed format is allowed only with explicit file path", ErrorCodes::INCORRECT_FILE_NAME);

    is_db_table = false;
    use_table_fd = true;
    table_fd = table_fd_;

    /// Save initial offset, it will be used for repeating SELECTs
    /// If FD isn't seekable (lseek returns -1), then the second and subsequent SELECTs will fail.
    table_fd_init_offset = lseek(table_fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
}

StorageFile::StorageFile(const std::string & table_path_, const std::string & user_files_path, CommonArguments args)
    : StorageFile(args)
{
    is_db_table = false;
    paths = getPathsList(table_path_, user_files_path, args.context);

    if (args.format_name == "Distributed")
    {
        if (paths.empty())
            throw Exception("Cannot get table structure from file, because no files match specified name", ErrorCodes::INCORRECT_FILE_NAME);

        auto & first_path = paths[0];
        Block header = StorageDistributedDirectoryMonitor::createStreamFromFile(first_path)->getHeader();

        StorageInMemoryMetadata storage_metadata;
        auto columns = ColumnsDescription(header.getNamesAndTypesList());
        if (!args.columns.empty() && columns != args.columns)
            throw Exception("Table structure and file structure are different", ErrorCodes::INCOMPATIBLE_COLUMNS);
        storage_metadata.setColumns(columns);
        setInMemoryMetadata(storage_metadata);
    }
}

StorageFile::StorageFile(const std::string & relative_table_dir_path, CommonArguments args)
    : StorageFile(args)
{
    if (relative_table_dir_path.empty())
        throw Exception("Storage " + getName() + " requires data path", ErrorCodes::INCORRECT_FILE_NAME);
    if (args.format_name == "Distributed")
        throw Exception("Distributed format is allowed only with explicit file path", ErrorCodes::INCORRECT_FILE_NAME);

    String table_dir_path = base_path + relative_table_dir_path + "/";
    Poco::File(table_dir_path).createDirectories();
    paths = {getTablePath(table_dir_path, format_name)};
}

StorageFile::StorageFile(CommonArguments args)
    : IStorage(args.table_id)
    , format_name(args.format_name)
    , compression_method(args.compression_method)
    , base_path(args.context.getPath())
{
    StorageInMemoryMetadata storage_metadata;
    if (args.format_name != "Distributed")
        storage_metadata.setColumns(args.columns);

    storage_metadata.setConstraints(args.constraints);
    setInMemoryMetadata(storage_metadata);
}

class StorageFileSource : public SourceWithProgress
{
public:
    struct FilesInfo
    {
        std::vector<std::string> files;

        std::atomic<size_t> next_file_to_read = 0;

        bool need_path_column = false;
        bool need_file_column = false;
    };

    using FilesInfoPtr = std::shared_ptr<FilesInfo>;

    static Block getHeader(const StorageMetadataPtr & metadata_snapshot, bool need_path_column, bool need_file_column)
    {
        auto header = metadata_snapshot->getSampleBlock();

        /// Note: AddingDefaultsBlockInputStream doesn't change header.

        if (need_path_column)
            header.insert({DataTypeString().createColumn(), std::make_shared<DataTypeString>(), "_path"});
        if (need_file_column)
            header.insert({DataTypeString().createColumn(), std::make_shared<DataTypeString>(), "_file"});

        return header;
    }

    StorageFileSource(
        std::shared_ptr<StorageFile> storage_,
        const StorageMetadataPtr & metadata_snapshot_,
        const Context & context_,
        UInt64 max_block_size_,
        FilesInfoPtr files_info_,
        ColumnsDescription columns_description_)
        : SourceWithProgress(getHeader(metadata_snapshot_, files_info_->need_path_column, files_info_->need_file_column))
        , storage(std::move(storage_))
        , metadata_snapshot(metadata_snapshot_)
        , files_info(std::move(files_info_))
        , columns_description(std::move(columns_description_))
        , context(context_)
        , max_block_size(max_block_size_)
    {
        if (storage->use_table_fd)
        {
            unique_lock = std::unique_lock(storage->rwlock);

            /// We could use common ReadBuffer and WriteBuffer in storage to leverage cache
            ///  and add ability to seek unseekable files, but cache sync isn't supported.

            if (storage->table_fd_was_used) /// We need seek to initial position
            {
                if (storage->table_fd_init_offset < 0)
                    throw Exception("File descriptor isn't seekable, inside " + storage->getName(), ErrorCodes::CANNOT_SEEK_THROUGH_FILE);

                /// ReadBuffer's seek() doesn't make sense, since cache is empty
                if (lseek(storage->table_fd, storage->table_fd_init_offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
                    throwFromErrno("Cannot seek file descriptor, inside " + storage->getName(), ErrorCodes::CANNOT_SEEK_THROUGH_FILE);
            }

            storage->table_fd_was_used = true;
        }
        else
        {
            shared_lock = std::shared_lock(storage->rwlock);
        }
    }

    String getName() const override
    {
        return storage->getName();
    }

    Chunk generate() override
    {
        while (!finished_generate)
        {
            /// Open file lazily on first read. This is needed to avoid too many open files from different streams.
            if (!reader)
            {
                if (!storage->use_table_fd)
                {
                    auto current_file = files_info->next_file_to_read.fetch_add(1);
                    if (current_file >= files_info->files.size())
                        return {};

                    current_path = files_info->files[current_file];

                    /// Special case for distributed format. Defaults are not needed here.
                    if (storage->format_name == "Distributed")
                    {
                        reader = StorageDistributedDirectoryMonitor::createStreamFromFile(current_path);
                        continue;
                    }
                }

                std::unique_ptr<ReadBuffer> nested_buffer;
                CompressionMethod method;

                if (storage->use_table_fd)
                {
                    nested_buffer = std::make_unique<ReadBufferFromFileDescriptor>(storage->table_fd);
                    method = chooseCompressionMethod("", storage->compression_method);
                }
                else
                {
                    nested_buffer = std::make_unique<ReadBufferFromFile>(current_path);
                    method = chooseCompressionMethod(current_path, storage->compression_method);
                }

                read_buf = wrapReadBufferWithCompressionMethod(std::move(nested_buffer), method);
                reader = FormatFactory::instance().getInput(
                        storage->format_name, *read_buf, metadata_snapshot->getSampleBlock(), context, max_block_size);

                if (columns_description.hasDefaults())
                    reader = std::make_shared<AddingDefaultsBlockInputStream>(reader, columns_description, context);

                reader->readPrefix();
            }

            if (auto res = reader->read())
            {
                Columns columns = res.getColumns();
                UInt64 num_rows = res.rows();

                /// Enrich with virtual columns.
                if (files_info->need_path_column)
                {
                    auto column = DataTypeString().createColumnConst(num_rows, current_path);
                    columns.push_back(column->convertToFullColumnIfConst());
                }

                if (files_info->need_file_column)
                {
                    size_t last_slash_pos = current_path.find_last_of('/');
                    auto file_name = current_path.substr(last_slash_pos + 1);

                    auto column = DataTypeString().createColumnConst(num_rows, std::move(file_name));
                    columns.push_back(column->convertToFullColumnIfConst());
                }

                return Chunk(std::move(columns), num_rows);
            }

            /// Read only once for file descriptor.
            if (storage->use_table_fd)
                finished_generate = true;

            /// Close file prematurely if stream was ended.
            reader->readSuffix();
            reader.reset();
            read_buf.reset();
        }

        return {};
    }

private:
    std::shared_ptr<StorageFile> storage;
    StorageMetadataPtr metadata_snapshot;
    FilesInfoPtr files_info;
    String current_path;
    Block sample_block;
    std::unique_ptr<ReadBuffer> read_buf;
    BlockInputStreamPtr reader;

    ColumnsDescription columns_description;

    const Context & context;    /// TODO Untangle potential issues with context lifetime.
    UInt64 max_block_size;

    bool finished_generate = false;

    std::shared_lock<std::shared_mutex> shared_lock;
    std::unique_lock<std::shared_mutex> unique_lock;
};


Pipe StorageFile::read(
    const Names & column_names,
    const StorageMetadataPtr & metadata_snapshot,
    const SelectQueryInfo & /*query_info*/,
    const Context & context,
    QueryProcessingStage::Enum /*processed_stage*/,
    size_t max_block_size,
    unsigned num_streams)
{
    BlockInputStreams blocks_input;

    if (use_table_fd)   /// need to call ctr BlockInputStream
        paths = {""};   /// when use fd, paths are empty
    else
        if (paths.size() == 1 && !Poco::File(paths[0]).exists())
            throw Exception("File " + paths[0] + " doesn't exist", ErrorCodes::FILE_DOESNT_EXIST);


    auto files_info = std::make_shared<StorageFileSource::FilesInfo>();
    files_info->files = paths;

    for (const auto & column : column_names)
    {
        if (column == "_path")
            files_info->need_path_column = true;
        if (column == "_file")
            files_info->need_file_column = true;
    }

    auto this_ptr = std::static_pointer_cast<StorageFile>(shared_from_this());

    if (num_streams > paths.size())
        num_streams = paths.size();

    Pipes pipes;
    pipes.reserve(num_streams);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_streams; ++i)
        pipes.emplace_back(std::make_shared<StorageFileSource>(
                this_ptr, metadata_snapshot, context, max_block_size, files_info, metadata_snapshot->getColumns()));

    return Pipe::unitePipes(std::move(pipes));
}


class StorageFileBlockOutputStream : public IBlockOutputStream
{
public:
    explicit StorageFileBlockOutputStream(
        StorageFile & storage_,
        const StorageMetadataPtr & metadata_snapshot_,
        const CompressionMethod compression_method,
        const Context & context)
        : storage(storage_)
        , metadata_snapshot(metadata_snapshot_)
        , lock(storage.rwlock)
    {
        std::unique_ptr<WriteBufferFromFileDescriptor> naked_buffer = nullptr;
        if (storage.use_table_fd)
        {
            /** NOTE: Using real file binded to FD may be misleading:
              * SELECT *; INSERT insert_data; SELECT *; last SELECT returns initil_fd_data + insert_data
              * INSERT data; SELECT *; last SELECT returns only insert_data
              */
            storage.table_fd_was_used = true;
            naked_buffer = std::make_unique<WriteBufferFromFileDescriptor>(storage.table_fd);
        }
        else
        {
            if (storage.paths.size() != 1)
                throw Exception("Table '" + storage.getStorageID().getNameForLogs() + "' is in readonly mode because of globs in filepath", ErrorCodes::DATABASE_ACCESS_DENIED);
            naked_buffer = std::make_unique<WriteBufferFromFile>(storage.paths[0], DBMS_DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE, O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CREAT);
        }

        /// In case of CSVWithNames we have already written prefix.
        if (naked_buffer->size())
            prefix_written = true;

        write_buf = wrapWriteBufferWithCompressionMethod(std::move(naked_buffer), compression_method, 3);

        writer = FormatFactory::instance().getOutput(storage.format_name, *write_buf, metadata_snapshot->getSampleBlock(), context);
    }

    Block getHeader() const override { return metadata_snapshot->getSampleBlock(); }

    void write(const Block & block) override
    {
        writer->write(block);
    }

    void writePrefix() override
    {
        if (!prefix_written)
            writer->writePrefix();
        prefix_written = true;
    }

    void writeSuffix() override
    {
        writer->writeSuffix();
    }

    void flush() override
    {
        writer->flush();
    }

private:
    StorageFile & storage;
    StorageMetadataPtr metadata_snapshot;
    std::unique_lock<std::shared_mutex> lock;
    std::unique_ptr<WriteBuffer> write_buf;
    BlockOutputStreamPtr writer;
    bool prefix_written{false};
};

BlockOutputStreamPtr StorageFile::write(
    const ASTPtr & /*query*/,
    const StorageMetadataPtr & metadata_snapshot,
    const Context & context)
{
    if (format_name == "Distributed")
        throw Exception("Method write is not implemented for Distributed format", ErrorCodes::NOT_IMPLEMENTED);

    std::string path;
    if (!paths.empty())
        path = paths[0];

    return std::make_shared<StorageFileBlockOutputStream>(*this, metadata_snapshot,
        chooseCompressionMethod(path, compression_method), context);
}

Strings StorageFile::getDataPaths() const
{
    if (paths.empty())
        throw Exception("Table '" + getStorageID().getNameForLogs() + "' is in readonly mode", ErrorCodes::DATABASE_ACCESS_DENIED);
    return paths;
}

void StorageFile::rename(const String & new_path_to_table_data, const StorageID & new_table_id)
{
    if (!is_db_table)
        throw Exception("Can't rename table " + getStorageID().getNameForLogs() + " binded to user-defined file (or FD)", ErrorCodes::DATABASE_ACCESS_DENIED);

    if (paths.size() != 1)
        throw Exception("Can't rename table " + getStorageID().getNameForLogs() + " in readonly mode", ErrorCodes::DATABASE_ACCESS_DENIED);

    std::string path_new = getTablePath(base_path + new_path_to_table_data, format_name);
    if (path_new == paths[0])
        return;

    std::unique_lock<std::shared_mutex> lock(rwlock);

    Poco::File(Poco::Path(path_new).parent()).createDirectories();
    Poco::File(paths[0]).renameTo(path_new);

    paths[0] = std::move(path_new);
    renameInMemory(new_table_id);
}

void StorageFile::truncate(
    const ASTPtr & /*query*/,
    const StorageMetadataPtr & /* metadata_snapshot */,
    const Context & /* context */,
    TableExclusiveLockHolder &)
{
    if (paths.size() != 1)
        throw Exception("Can't truncate table '" + getStorageID().getNameForLogs() + "' in readonly mode", ErrorCodes::DATABASE_ACCESS_DENIED);

    std::unique_lock<std::shared_mutex> lock(rwlock);

    if (use_table_fd)
    {
        if (0 != ::ftruncate(table_fd, 0))
            throwFromErrno("Cannot truncate file at fd " + toString(table_fd), ErrorCodes::CANNOT_TRUNCATE_FILE);
    }
    else
    {
        if (!Poco::File(paths[0]).exists())
            return;

        if (0 != ::truncate(paths[0].c_str(), 0))
            throwFromErrnoWithPath("Cannot truncate file " + paths[0], paths[0], ErrorCodes::CANNOT_TRUNCATE_FILE);
    }
}


void registerStorageFile(StorageFactory & factory)
{
    factory.registerStorage(
        "File",
        [](const StorageFactory::Arguments & args)
        {
            ASTs & engine_args = args.engine_args;

            if (!(engine_args.size() >= 1 && engine_args.size() <= 3)) // NOLINT
                throw Exception(
                    "Storage File requires from 1 to 3 arguments: name of used format, source and compression_method.",
                    ErrorCodes::NUMBER_OF_ARGUMENTS_DOESNT_MATCH);

            engine_args[0] = evaluateConstantExpressionOrIdentifierAsLiteral(engine_args[0], args.local_context);
            String format_name = engine_args[0]->as<ASTLiteral &>().value.safeGet<String>();

            String compression_method;
            StorageFile::CommonArguments common_args{
                args.table_id, format_name, compression_method, args.columns, args.constraints, args.context};

            if (engine_args.size() == 1) /// Table in database
                return StorageFile::create(args.relative_data_path, common_args);

            /// Will use FD if engine_args[1] is int literal or identifier with std* name
            int source_fd = -1;
            String source_path;

            if (auto opt_name = tryGetIdentifierName(engine_args[1]))
            {
                if (*opt_name == "stdin")
                    source_fd = STDIN_FILENO;
                else if (*opt_name == "stdout")
                    source_fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
                else if (*opt_name == "stderr")
                    source_fd = STDERR_FILENO;
                else
                    throw Exception(
                        "Unknown identifier '" + *opt_name + "' in second arg of File storage constructor", ErrorCodes::UNKNOWN_IDENTIFIER);
            }
            else if (const auto * literal = engine_args[1]->as<ASTLiteral>())
            {
                auto type = literal->value.getType();
                if (type == Field::Types::Int64)
                    source_fd = static_cast<int>(literal->value.get<Int64>());
                else if (type == Field::Types::UInt64)
                    source_fd = static_cast<int>(literal->value.get<UInt64>());
                else if (type == Field::Types::String)
                    source_path = literal->value.get<String>();
                else
                    throw Exception("Second argument must be path or file descriptor", ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS);
            }

            if (engine_args.size() == 3)
            {
                engine_args[2] = evaluateConstantExpressionOrIdentifierAsLiteral(engine_args[2], args.local_context);
                compression_method = engine_args[2]->as<ASTLiteral &>().value.safeGet<String>();
            }
            else
                compression_method = "auto";

            if (0 <= source_fd) /// File descriptor
                return StorageFile::create(source_fd, common_args);
            else /// User's file
                return StorageFile::create(source_path, args.context.getUserFilesPath(), common_args);
        },
        {
            .source_access_type = AccessType::FILE,
        });
}
NamesAndTypesList StorageFile::getVirtuals() const
{
    return NamesAndTypesList{
        {"_path", std::make_shared<DataTypeString>()},
        {"_file", std::make_shared<DataTypeString>()}
    };
}
}