ClickHouse/docs/zh/data_types/array.md

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# Array(T) {#data_type-array}
`T` 类型元素组成的数组。
`T` 可以是任意类型,包含数组类型。 但不推荐使用多维数组ClickHouse 对多维数组的支持有限。例如,不能存储在 `MergeTree` 表中存储多维数组。
## 创建数组
您可以使用array函数来创建数组
```
array(T)
```
您也可以使用方括号:
```
[]
```
创建数组示例:
```
:) SELECT array(1, 2) AS x, toTypeName(x)
SELECT
[1, 2] AS x,
toTypeName(x)
┌─x─────┬─toTypeName(array(1, 2))─┐
│ [1,2] │ Array(UInt8) │
└───────┴─────────────────────────┘
1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.002 sec.
:) SELECT [1, 2] AS x, toTypeName(x)
SELECT
[1, 2] AS x,
toTypeName(x)
┌─x─────┬─toTypeName([1, 2])─┐
│ [1,2] │ Array(UInt8) │
└───────┴────────────────────┘
1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.002 sec.
```
## 使用数据类型
WIP on docs (#3813) * CLICKHOUSE-4063: less manual html @ index.md * CLICKHOUSE-4063: recommend markdown="1" in README.md * CLICKHOUSE-4003: manually purge custom.css for now * CLICKHOUSE-4064: expand <details> before any print (including to pdf) * CLICKHOUSE-3927: rearrange interfaces/formats.md a bit * CLICKHOUSE-3306: add few http headers * Remove copy-paste introduced in #3392 * Hopefully better chinese fonts #3392 * get rid of tabs @ custom.css * Apply comments and patch from #3384 * Add jdbc.md to ToC and some translation, though it still looks badly incomplete * minor punctuation * Add some backlinks to official website from mirrors that just blindly take markdown sources * Do not make fonts extra light * find . -name '*.md' -type f | xargs -I{} perl -pi -e 's//g' {} * find . -name '*.md' -type f | xargs -I{} perl -pi -e 's/ sql/g' {} * Remove outdated stuff from roadmap.md * Not so light font on front page too * Refactor Chinese formats.md to match recent changes in other languages * Update some links on front page * Remove some outdated comment * Add twitter link to front page * More front page links tuning * Add Amsterdam meetup link * Smaller font to avoid second line * Add Amsterdam link to README.md * Proper docs nav translation * Back to 300 font-weight except Chinese * fix docs build * Update Amsterdam link * remove symlinks * more zh punctuation * apply lost comment by @zhang2014 * Apply comments by @zhang2014 from #3417 * Remove Beijing link * rm incorrect symlink * restore content of docs/zh/operations/table_engines/index.md * CLICKHOUSE-3751: stem terms while searching docs * CLICKHOUSE-3751: use English stemmer in non-English docs too * CLICKHOUSE-4135 fix * Remove past meetup link * Add blog link to top nav * Add ContentSquare article link * Add form link to front page + refactor some texts * couple markup fixes * minor * Introduce basic ODBC driver page in docs * More verbose 3rd party libs disclaimer * Put third-party stuff into a separate folder * Separate third-party stuff in ToC too * Update links * Move stuff that is not really (only) a client library into a separate page * Add clickhouse-hdfs-loader link * Some introduction for "interfaces" section * Rewrite tcp.md * http_interface.md -> http.md * fix link * Remove unconvenient error for now * try to guess anchor instead of failing * remove symlink * Remove outdated info from introduction * remove ru roadmap.md * replace ru roadmap.md with symlink * Update roadmap.md * lost file * Title case in toc_en.yml * Sync "Functions" ToC section with en * Remove reference to pretty old ClickHouse release from docs * couple lost symlinks in fa * Close quote in proper place * Rewrite en/getting_started/index.md * Sync en<>ru getting_started/index.md * minor changes * Some gui.md refactoring * Translate DataGrip section to ru * Translate DataGrip section to zh * Translate DataGrip section to fa * Translate DBeaver section to fa * Translate DBeaver section to zh * Split third-party GUI to open-source and commercial * Mention some RDBMS integrations + ad-hoc translation fixes * Add rel="external nofollow" to outgoing links from docs * Lost blank lines * Fix class name * More rel="external nofollow" * Apply suggestions by @sundy-li * Mobile version of front page improvements * test * test 2 * test 3 * Update LICENSE * minor docs fix * Highlight current article as suggested by @sundy-li * fix link destination * Introduce backup.md (only "en" for now) * Mention INSERT+SELECT in backup.md * Some improvements for replication.md * Add backup.md to toc * Mention clickhouse-backup tool * Mention LightHouse in third-party GUI list * Introduce interfaces/third-party/proxy.md * Add clickhouse-bulk to proxy.md * Major extension of integrations.md contents * fix link target * remove unneeded file * better toc item name * fix markdown * better ru punctuation * Add yet another possible backup approach * Simplify copying permalinks to headers * Support non-eng link anchors in docs + update some deps * Generate anchors for single-page mode automatically * Remove anchors to top of pages * Remove anchors that nobody links to * build fixes * fix few links * restore css * fix some links * restore gifs * fix lost words * more docs fixes * docs fixes * NULL anchor * update urllib3 dependency * more fixes
2018-12-12 17:28:00 +00:00
ClickHouse会自动检测数组元素,并根据元素计算出存储这些元素最小的数据类型。如果在元素中存在[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal)或存在[Nullable](nullable.md#data_type-nullable)类型元素,那么数组的元素类型将会变成[Nullable](nullable.md)。
如果 ClickHouse 无法确定数据类型,它将产生异常。当尝试同时创建一个包含字符串和数字的数组时会发生这种情况 (`SELECT array(1, 'a')`)。
自动数据类型检测示例:
```
:) SELECT array(1, 2, NULL) AS x, toTypeName(x)
SELECT
[1, 2, NULL] AS x,
toTypeName(x)
┌─x──────────┬─toTypeName(array(1, 2, NULL))─┐
│ [1,2,NULL] │ Array(Nullable(UInt8)) │
└────────────┴───────────────────────────────┘
1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.002 sec.
```
如果您尝试创建不兼容的数据类型数组ClickHouse 将引发异常:
```
:) SELECT array(1, 'a')
SELECT [1, 'a']
Received exception from server (version 1.1.54388):
Code: 386. DB::Exception: Received from localhost:9000, 127.0.0.1. DB::Exception: There is no supertype for types UInt8, String because some of them are String/FixedString and some of them are not.
0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.246 sec.
```