2019-05-05 17:38:05 +00:00
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# IP函数
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## IPv4NumToString(num)
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接受一个UInt32（大端）表示的IPv4的地址，返回相应IPv4的字符串表现形式，格式为A.B.C.D（以点分割的十进制数字）。
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## IPv4StringToNum(s)
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与IPv4NumToString函数相反。如果IPv4地址格式无效，则返回0。
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## IPv4NumToStringClassC(num)
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与IPv4NumToString类似，但使用xxx替换最后一个字节。
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示例:
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``` sql
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SELECT
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IPv4NumToStringClassC(ClientIP) AS k,
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count() AS c
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FROM test.hits
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GROUP BY k
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ORDER BY c DESC
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LIMIT 10
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```
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```
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┌─k──────────────┬─────c─┐
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│ 83.149.9.xxx │ 26238 │
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│ 217.118.81.xxx │ 26074 │
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│ 213.87.129.xxx │ 25481 │
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│ 83.149.8.xxx │ 24984 │
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│ 217.118.83.xxx │ 22797 │
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│ 78.25.120.xxx │ 22354 │
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│ 213.87.131.xxx │ 21285 │
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│ 78.25.121.xxx │ 20887 │
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│ 188.162.65.xxx │ 19694 │
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│ 83.149.48.xxx │ 17406 │
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└────────────────┴───────┘
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```
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由于使用'xxx'是不规范的，因此将来可能会更改。我们建议您不要依赖此格式。
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### IPv6NumToString(x)
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接受FixedString(16)类型的二进制格式的IPv6地址。以文本格式返回此地址的字符串。
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IPv6映射的IPv4地址以::ffff:111.222.33。例如：
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``` sql
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SELECT IPv6NumToString(toFixedString(unhex('2A0206B8000000000000000000000011'), 16)) AS addr
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```
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```
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┌─addr─────────┐
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│ 2a02:6b8::11 │
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└──────────────┘
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```
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``` sql
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SELECT
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IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6 AS k),
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count() AS c
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FROM hits_all
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WHERE EventDate = today() AND substring(ClientIP6, 1, 12) != unhex('00000000000000000000FFFF')
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GROUP BY k
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ORDER BY c DESC
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LIMIT 10
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```
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```
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┌─IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6)──────────────┬─────c─┐
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│ 2a02:2168:aaa:bbbb::2 │ 24695 │
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│ 2a02:2698:abcd:abcd:abcd:abcd:8888:5555 │ 22408 │
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│ 2a02:6b8:0:fff::ff │ 16389 │
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│ 2a01:4f8:111:6666::2 │ 16016 │
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│ 2a02:2168:888:222::1 │ 15896 │
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│ 2a01:7e00::ffff:ffff:ffff:222 │ 14774 │
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│ 2a02:8109:eee:ee:eeee:eeee:eeee:eeee │ 14443 │
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│ 2a02:810b:8888:888:8888:8888:8888:8888 │ 14345 │
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│ 2a02:6b8:0:444:4444:4444:4444:4444 │ 14279 │
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│ 2a01:7e00::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff │ 13880 │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────┴───────┘
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```
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``` sql
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SELECT
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IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6 AS k),
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count() AS c
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FROM hits_all
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WHERE EventDate = today()
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GROUP BY k
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ORDER BY c DESC
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LIMIT 10
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```
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```
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┌─IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6)─┬──────c─┐
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│ ::ffff:94.26.111.111 │ 747440 │
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│ ::ffff:37.143.222.4 │ 529483 │
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│ ::ffff:5.166.111.99 │ 317707 │
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│ ::ffff:46.38.11.77 │ 263086 │
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│ ::ffff:79.105.111.111 │ 186611 │
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│ ::ffff:93.92.111.88 │ 176773 │
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│ ::ffff:84.53.111.33 │ 158709 │
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│ ::ffff:217.118.11.22 │ 154004 │
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│ ::ffff:217.118.11.33 │ 148449 │
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│ ::ffff:217.118.11.44 │ 148243 │
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└────────────────────────────┴────────┘
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```
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## IPv6StringToNum(s)
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与IPv6NumToString的相反。如果IPv6地址格式无效，则返回空字节字符串。
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十六进制可以是大写的或小写的。
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## IPv4ToIPv6(x)
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接受一个UInt32类型的IPv4地址，返回FixedString(16)类型的IPv6地址。例如：
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``` sql
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SELECT IPv6NumToString(IPv4ToIPv6(IPv4StringToNum('192.168.0.1'))) AS addr
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```
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```
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┌─addr───────────────┐
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│ ::ffff:192.168.0.1 │
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└────────────────────┘
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```
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## cutIPv6(x, bitsToCutForIPv6, bitsToCutForIPv4)
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接受一个FixedString(16)类型的IPv6地址，返回一个String，这个String中包含了删除指定位之后的地址的文本格式。例如：
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```sql
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WITH
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IPv6StringToNum('2001:0DB8:AC10:FE01:FEED:BABE:CAFE:F00D') AS ipv6,
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IPv4ToIPv6(IPv4StringToNum('192.168.0.1')) AS ipv4
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SELECT
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cutIPv6(ipv6, 2, 0),
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cutIPv6(ipv4, 0, 2)
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```
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```
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┌─cutIPv6(ipv6, 2, 0)─────────────────┬─cutIPv6(ipv4, 0, 2)─┐
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│ 2001:db8:ac10:fe01:feed:babe:cafe:0 │ ::ffff:192.168.0.0 │
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└─────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
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```
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## IPv4CIDRtoIPv4Range(ipv4, cidr),
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接受一个IPv4地址以及一个UInt8类型的CIDR。返回包含子网最低范围以及最高范围的元组。
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```sql
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SELECT IPv4CIDRtoIPv4Range(toIPv4('192.168.5.2'), 16)
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```
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```
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┌─IPv4CIDRtoIPv4Range(toIPv4('192.168.5.2'), 16)─┐
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│ ('192.168.0.0','192.168.255.255') │
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└────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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## IPv6CIDRtoIPv6Range(ipv6, cidr),
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接受一个IPv6地址以及一个UInt8类型的CIDR。返回包含子网最低范围以及最高范围的元组。
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```sql
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SELECT IPv6CIDRtoIPv6Range(toIPv6('2001:0db8:0000:85a3:0000:0000:ac1f:8001'), 32);
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```
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```
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┌─IPv6CIDRtoIPv6Range(toIPv6('2001:0db8:0000:85a3:0000:0000:ac1f:8001'), 32)─┐
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│ ('2001:db8::','2001:db8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff') │
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└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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2019-06-05 10:04:00 +00:00
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## toIPv4(string)
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`IPv4StringToNum()`的别名，它采用字符串形式的IPv4地址并返回[IPv4](../../data_types/domains/ipv4.md)类型的值，该二进制值等于`IPv4StringToNum()`返回的值。
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``` sql
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WITH
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'171.225.130.45' as IPv4_string
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SELECT
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toTypeName(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string)),
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toTypeName(toIPv4(IPv4_string))
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```
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```
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┌─toTypeName(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string))─┬─toTypeName(toIPv4(IPv4_string))─┐
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│ UInt32 │ IPv4 │
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└──────────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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``` sql
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WITH
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'171.225.130.45' as IPv4_string
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SELECT
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hex(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string)),
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hex(toIPv4(IPv4_string))
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```
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```
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┌─hex(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string))─┬─hex(toIPv4(IPv4_string))─┐
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│ ABE1822D │ ABE1822D │
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└───────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘
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```
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## toIPv6(string)
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`IPv6StringToNum()`的别名，它采用字符串形式的IPv6地址并返回[IPv6](../../data_types/domains/ipv6.md)类型的值，该二进制值等于`IPv6StringToNum()`返回的值。
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``` sql
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WITH
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'2001:438:ffff::407d:1bc1' as IPv6_string
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SELECT
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toTypeName(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string)),
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toTypeName(toIPv6(IPv6_string))
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```
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```
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┌─toTypeName(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string))─┬─toTypeName(toIPv6(IPv6_string))─┐
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│ FixedString(16) │ IPv6 │
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└──────────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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``` sql
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WITH
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'2001:438:ffff::407d:1bc1' as IPv6_string
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SELECT
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hex(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string)),
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hex(toIPv6(IPv6_string))
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```
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```
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┌─hex(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string))─┬─hex(toIPv6(IPv6_string))─────────┐
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│ 20010438FFFF000000000000407D1BC1 │ 20010438FFFF000000000000407D1BC1 │
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└───────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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2019-05-05 17:38:05 +00:00
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[来源文章](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/query_language/functions/ip_address_functions/) <!--hide-->
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