ClickHouse/docs/en/query_language/functions/functions_for_nulls.md

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# Functions for working with Nullable aggregates
## isNull
Checks whether the argument is [NULL](../syntax.md#null-literal).
```
isNull(x)
```
**Parameters:**
- `x` — A value with a non-compound data type.
**Returned value**
- `1` if `x` is `NULL`.
- `0` if `x` is not `NULL`.
**Example**
Input table
```
┌─x─┬────y─┐
│ 1 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
│ 2 │ 3 │
└───┴──────┘
```
Query
```
:) SELECT x FROM t_null WHERE isNull(y)
SELECT x
FROM t_null
WHERE isNull(y)
┌─x─┐
│ 1 │
└───┘
1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.010 sec.
```
## isNotNull
Checks whether the argument is [NULL](../syntax.md#null-literal).
```
isNotNull(x)
```
**Parameters:**
- `x` — A value with a non-compound data type.
**Returned value**
- `0` if `x` is `NULL`.
- `1` if `x` is not `NULL`.
**Example**
Input table
```
┌─x─┬────y─┐
│ 1 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
│ 2 │ 3 │
└───┴──────┘
```
Query
```
:) SELECT x FROM t_null WHERE isNotNull(y)
SELECT x
FROM t_null
WHERE isNotNull(y)
┌─x─┐
│ 2 │
└───┘
1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.010 sec.
```
## coalesce
Checks from left to right whether `NULL` arguments were passed and returns the first non-`NULL` argument.
```
coalesce(x,...)
```
**Parameters:**
- Any number of parameters of a non-compound type. All parameters must be compatible by data type.
**Returned values**
- The first non-`NULL` argument.
- `NULL`, if all arguments are `NULL`.
**Example**
Consider a list of contacts that may specify multiple ways to contact a customer.
```
┌─name─────┬─mail─┬─phone─────┬──icq─┐
│ client 1 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │ 123-45-67 │ 123 │
│ client 2 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
└──────────┴──────┴───────────┴──────┘
```
The `mail` and `phone` fields are of type String, but the `icq` field is `UInt32`, so it needs to be converted to `String`.
Get the first available contact method for the customer from the contact list:
```
:) SELECT coalesce(mail, phone, CAST(icq,'Nullable(String)')) FROM aBook
SELECT coalesce(mail, phone, CAST(icq, 'Nullable(String)'))
FROM aBook
┌─name─────┬─coalesce(mail, phone, CAST(icq, 'Nullable(String)'))─┐
│ client 1 │ 123-45-67 │
│ client 2 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
└──────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
2 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.006 sec.
```
## ifNull
Returns an alternative value if the main argument is `NULL`.
```
ifNull(x,alt)
```
**Parameters:**
- `x` — The value to check for `NULL`.
- `alt` — The value that the function returns if `x` is `NULL`.
**Returned values**
- The value `x`, if `x` is not `NULL`.
- The value `alt`, if `x` is `NULL`.
**Example**
```
SELECT ifNull('a', 'b')
┌─ifNull('a', 'b')─┐
│ a │
└──────────────────┘
```
```
SELECT ifNull(NULL, 'b')
┌─ifNull(NULL, 'b')─┐
│ b │
└───────────────────┘
```
## nullIf
Returns `NULL` if the arguments are equal.
```
nullIf(x, y)
```
**Parameters:**
`x`, `y` — Values for comparison. They must be compatible types, or ClickHouse will generate an exception.
**Returned values**
- `NULL`, if the arguments are equal.
- The `x` value, if the arguments are not equal.
**Example**
```
SELECT nullIf(1, 1)
┌─nullIf(1, 1)─┐
│ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
└──────────────┘
```
```
SELECT nullIf(1, 2)
┌─nullIf(1, 2)─┐
│ 1 │
└──────────────┘
```
## assumeNotNull
Results in a value of type [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable) for a non- `Nullable`, if the value is not `NULL`.
```
assumeNotNull(x)
```
**Parameters:**
- `x` — The original value.
**Returned values**
- The original value from the non-`Nullable` type, if it is not `NULL`.
- The default value for the non-`Nullable` type if the original value was `NULL`.
**Example**
Consider the `t_null` table.
```
SHOW CREATE TABLE t_null
┌─statement─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ CREATE TABLE default.t_null ( x Int8, y Nullable(Int8)) ENGINE = TinyLog │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
```
┌─x─┬────y─┐
│ 1 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
│ 2 │ 3 │
└───┴──────┘
```
Apply the `resumenotnull` function to the `y` column.
```
SELECT assumeNotNull(y) FROM t_null
┌─assumeNotNull(y)─┐
│ 0 │
│ 3 │
└──────────────────┘
```
```
SELECT toTypeName(assumeNotNull(y)) FROM t_null
┌─toTypeName(assumeNotNull(y))─┐
│ Int8 │
│ Int8 │
└──────────────────────────────┘
```
## toNullable
Converts the argument type to `Nullable`.
```
toNullable(x)
```
**Parameters:**
- `x` — The value of any non-compound type.
**Returned value**
- The input value with a non-`Nullable` type.
**Example**
```
SELECT toTypeName(10)
┌─toTypeName(10)─┐
│ UInt8 │
└────────────────┘
SELECT toTypeName(toNullable(10))
┌─toTypeName(toNullable(10))─┐
│ Nullable(UInt8) │
└────────────────────────────┘
```