ClickHouse/src/Client/QueryFuzzer.cpp

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#include "QueryFuzzer.h"
#include <unordered_set>
#include <pcg_random.hpp>
#include <Common/assert_cast.h>
#include <Common/typeid_cast.h>
#include "Parsers/IAST_fwd.h"
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#include <Core/Types.h>
#include <IO/Operators.h>
#include <IO/UseSSL.h>
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#include <IO/WriteBufferFromOStream.h>
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#include <Parsers/ASTExpressionList.h>
#include <Parsers/ASTFunction.h>
#include <Parsers/ASTIdentifier.h>
#include <Parsers/ASTInsertQuery.h>
#include <Parsers/ASTLiteral.h>
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#include <Parsers/ASTOrderByElement.h>
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#include <Parsers/ASTQueryWithOutput.h>
#include <Parsers/ASTSelectQuery.h>
#include <Parsers/ASTSelectWithUnionQuery.h>
#include <Parsers/ASTSetQuery.h>
#include <Parsers/ASTSubquery.h>
#include <Parsers/ASTTablesInSelectQuery.h>
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#include <Parsers/ASTSelectIntersectExceptQuery.h>
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#include <Parsers/ASTUseQuery.h>
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#include <Parsers/ASTWindowDefinition.h>
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#include <Parsers/ParserQuery.h>
#include <Parsers/formatAST.h>
#include <Parsers/parseQuery.h>
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namespace DB
{
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namespace ErrorCodes
{
extern const int TOO_DEEP_RECURSION;
}
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Field QueryFuzzer::getRandomField(int type)
{
static constexpr Int64 bad_int64_values[]
= {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 100, 255, 256, 257, 1023, 1024,
1025, 65535, 65536, 65537, 1024 * 1024 - 1, 1024 * 1024,
1024 * 1024 + 1, INT_MIN - 1ll, INT_MIN, INT_MIN + 1,
INT_MAX - 1, INT_MAX, INT_MAX + 1ll, INT64_MIN, INT64_MIN + 1,
INT64_MAX - 1, INT64_MAX};
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switch (type)
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{
case 0:
{
return bad_int64_values[fuzz_rand() % (sizeof(bad_int64_values)
/ sizeof(*bad_int64_values))];
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}
case 1:
{
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static constexpr double values[]
= {NAN, INFINITY, -INFINITY, 0., -0., 0.0001, 0.5, 0.9999,
1., 1.0001, 2., 10.0001, 100.0001, 1000.0001, 1e10, 1e20,
FLT_MIN, FLT_MIN + FLT_EPSILON, FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX + FLT_EPSILON}; return values[fuzz_rand() % (sizeof(values) / sizeof(*values))];
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}
case 2:
{
static constexpr UInt64 scales[] = {0, 1, 2, 10};
return DecimalField<Decimal64>(
bad_int64_values[fuzz_rand() % (sizeof(bad_int64_values)
/ sizeof(*bad_int64_values))],
scales[fuzz_rand() % (sizeof(scales) / sizeof(*scales))]);
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}
default:
assert(false);
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return Null{};
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}
}
Field QueryFuzzer::fuzzField(Field field)
{
const auto type = field.getType();
int type_index = -1;
if (type == Field::Types::Int64
|| type == Field::Types::UInt64)
{
type_index = 0;
}
else if (type == Field::Types::Float64)
{
type_index = 1;
}
else if (type == Field::Types::Decimal32
|| type == Field::Types::Decimal64
|| type == Field::Types::Decimal128)
{
type_index = 2;
}
if (fuzz_rand() % 20 == 0)
{
return Null{};
}
if (type_index >= 0)
{
if (fuzz_rand() % 20 == 0)
{
// Change type sometimes, but not often, because it mostly leads to
// boring errors.
type_index = fuzz_rand() % 3;
}
return getRandomField(type_index);
}
if (type == Field::Types::String)
{
auto & str = field.get<std::string>();
UInt64 action = fuzz_rand() % 10;
switch (action)
{
case 0:
str = "";
break;
case 1:
str = str + str;
break;
case 2:
str = str + str + str + str;
break;
case 4:
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if (!str.empty())
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{
str[fuzz_rand() % str.size()] = '\0';
}
break;
default:
// Do nothing
break;
}
}
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else if (type == Field::Types::Array)
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{
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auto & arr = field.get<Array>();
if (fuzz_rand() % 5 == 0 && !arr.empty())
{
size_t pos = fuzz_rand() % arr.size();
arr.erase(arr.begin() + pos);
std::cerr << "erased\n";
}
if (fuzz_rand() % 5 == 0)
{
if (!arr.empty())
{
size_t pos = fuzz_rand() % arr.size();
arr.insert(arr.begin() + pos, fuzzField(arr[pos]));
std::cerr << fmt::format("inserted (pos {})\n", pos);
}
else
{
arr.insert(arr.begin(), getRandomField(0));
std::cerr << "inserted (0)\n";
}
}
for (auto & element : arr)
{
element = fuzzField(element);
}
}
else if (type == Field::Types::Tuple)
{
auto & arr = field.get<Tuple>();
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if (fuzz_rand() % 5 == 0 && !arr.empty())
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{
size_t pos = fuzz_rand() % arr.size();
arr.erase(arr.begin() + pos);
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std::cerr << "erased\n";
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}
if (fuzz_rand() % 5 == 0)
{
if (!arr.empty())
{
size_t pos = fuzz_rand() % arr.size();
arr.insert(arr.begin() + pos, fuzzField(arr[pos]));
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std::cerr << fmt::format("inserted (pos {})\n", pos);
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}
else
{
arr.insert(arr.begin(), getRandomField(0));
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std::cerr << "inserted (0)\n";
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}
}
for (auto & element : arr)
{
element = fuzzField(element);
}
}
return field;
}
ASTPtr QueryFuzzer::getRandomColumnLike()
{
if (column_like.empty())
{
return nullptr;
}
ASTPtr new_ast = column_like[fuzz_rand() % column_like.size()]->clone();
new_ast->setAlias("");
return new_ast;
}
ASTPtr QueryFuzzer::getRandomExpressionList()
{
if (column_like.empty())
{
return nullptr;
}
ASTPtr new_ast = std::make_shared<ASTExpressionList>();
for (size_t i = 0; i < fuzz_rand() % 5 + 1; ++i)
{
new_ast->children.push_back(getRandomColumnLike());
}
return new_ast;
}
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void QueryFuzzer::replaceWithColumnLike(ASTPtr & ast)
{
if (column_like.empty())
{
return;
}
std::string old_alias = ast->tryGetAlias();
ast = getRandomColumnLike();
ast->setAlias(old_alias);
}
void QueryFuzzer::replaceWithTableLike(ASTPtr & ast)
{
if (table_like.empty())
{
return;
}
ASTPtr new_ast = table_like[fuzz_rand() % table_like.size()]->clone();
std::string old_alias = ast->tryGetAlias();
new_ast->setAlias(old_alias);
ast = new_ast;
}
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void QueryFuzzer::fuzzOrderByElement(ASTOrderByElement * elem)
{
switch (fuzz_rand() % 10)
{
case 0:
elem->direction = -1;
break;
case 1:
elem->direction = 1;
break;
case 2:
elem->nulls_direction = -1;
elem->nulls_direction_was_explicitly_specified = true;
break;
case 3:
elem->nulls_direction = 1;
elem->nulls_direction_was_explicitly_specified = true;
break;
case 4:
elem->nulls_direction = elem->direction;
elem->nulls_direction_was_explicitly_specified = false;
break;
default:
// do nothing
break;
}
}
void QueryFuzzer::fuzzOrderByList(IAST * ast)
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{
if (!ast)
{
return;
}
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auto * list = assert_cast<ASTExpressionList *>(ast);
// Remove element
if (fuzz_rand() % 50 == 0 && list->children.size() > 1)
{
// Don't remove last element -- this leads to questionable
// constructs such as empty select.
list->children.erase(list->children.begin()
+ fuzz_rand() % list->children.size());
}
// Add element
if (fuzz_rand() % 50 == 0)
{
auto pos = list->children.empty()
? list->children.begin()
: list->children.begin() + fuzz_rand() % list->children.size();
auto col = getRandomColumnLike();
if (col)
{
auto elem = std::make_shared<ASTOrderByElement>();
elem->children.push_back(col);
elem->direction = 1;
elem->nulls_direction = 1;
elem->nulls_direction_was_explicitly_specified = false;
elem->with_fill = false;
list->children.insert(pos, elem);
}
else
{
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std::cerr << "No random column.\n";
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}
}
// We don't have to recurse here to fuzz the children, this is handled by
// the generic recursion into IAST.children.
}
void QueryFuzzer::fuzzColumnLikeExpressionList(IAST * ast)
{
if (!ast)
{
return;
}
auto * impl = assert_cast<ASTExpressionList *>(ast);
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// Remove element
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if (fuzz_rand() % 50 == 0 && impl->children.size() > 1)
{
// Don't remove last element -- this leads to questionable
// constructs such as empty select.
impl->children.erase(impl->children.begin()
+ fuzz_rand() % impl->children.size());
}
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// Add element
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if (fuzz_rand() % 50 == 0)
{
auto pos = impl->children.empty()
? impl->children.begin()
: impl->children.begin() + fuzz_rand() % impl->children.size();
auto col = getRandomColumnLike();
if (col)
impl->children.insert(pos, col);
else
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std::cerr << "No random column.\n";
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}
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// We don't have to recurse here to fuzz the children, this is handled by
// the generic recursion into IAST.children.
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}
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void QueryFuzzer::fuzzWindowFrame(ASTWindowDefinition & def)
{
switch (fuzz_rand() % 40)
{
case 0:
{
const auto r = fuzz_rand() % 3;
def.frame_type = r == 0 ? WindowFrame::FrameType::ROWS
: r == 1 ? WindowFrame::FrameType::RANGE
: WindowFrame::FrameType::GROUPS;
break;
}
case 1:
{
const auto r = fuzz_rand() % 3;
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def.frame_begin_type = r == 0 ? WindowFrame::BoundaryType::Unbounded
: r == 1 ? WindowFrame::BoundaryType::Current
: WindowFrame::BoundaryType::Offset;
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if (def.frame_begin_type == WindowFrame::BoundaryType::Offset)
{
// The offsets are fuzzed normally through 'children'.
def.frame_begin_offset
= std::make_shared<ASTLiteral>(getRandomField(0));
}
else
{
def.frame_begin_offset = nullptr;
}
break;
}
case 2:
{
const auto r = fuzz_rand() % 3;
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def.frame_end_type = r == 0 ? WindowFrame::BoundaryType::Unbounded
: r == 1 ? WindowFrame::BoundaryType::Current
: WindowFrame::BoundaryType::Offset;
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if (def.frame_end_type == WindowFrame::BoundaryType::Offset)
{
def.frame_end_offset
= std::make_shared<ASTLiteral>(getRandomField(0));
}
else
{
def.frame_end_offset = nullptr;
}
break;
}
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case 5:
{
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def.frame_begin_preceding = fuzz_rand() % 2;
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break;
}
case 6:
{
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def.frame_end_preceding = fuzz_rand() % 2;
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break;
}
default:
break;
}
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if (def.frame_type == WindowFrame::FrameType::RANGE
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&& def.frame_begin_type == WindowFrame::BoundaryType::Unbounded
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&& def.frame_begin_preceding
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&& def.frame_end_type == WindowFrame::BoundaryType::Current)
{
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def.frame_is_default = true; /* NOLINT clang-tidy could you just shut up please */
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}
else
{
def.frame_is_default = false;
}
}
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void QueryFuzzer::fuzz(ASTs & asts)
{
for (auto & ast : asts)
{
fuzz(ast);
}
}
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struct ScopedIncrement
{
size_t & counter;
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explicit ScopedIncrement(size_t & counter_) : counter(counter_) { ++counter; }
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~ScopedIncrement() { --counter; }
};
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void QueryFuzzer::fuzz(ASTPtr & ast)
{
if (!ast)
return;
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// Check for exceeding max depth.
ScopedIncrement depth_increment(current_ast_depth);
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if (current_ast_depth > 500)
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{
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// The AST is too deep (see the comment for current_ast_depth). Throw
// an exception to fail fast and not use this query as an etalon, or we'll
// end up in a very slow and useless loop. It also makes sense to set it
// lower than the default max parse depth on the server (1000), so that
// we don't get the useless error about parse depth from the server either.
throw Exception(ErrorCodes::TOO_DEEP_RECURSION,
"AST depth exceeded while fuzzing ({})", current_ast_depth);
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}
// Check for loops.
auto [_, inserted] = debug_visited_nodes.insert(ast.get());
if (!inserted)
{
fmt::print(stderr, "The AST node '{}' was already visited before."
" Depth {}, {} visited nodes, current top AST:\n{}\n",
static_cast<void *>(ast.get()), current_ast_depth,
debug_visited_nodes.size(), (*debug_top_ast)->dumpTree());
assert(false);
}
// The fuzzing.
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if (auto * with_union = typeid_cast<ASTSelectWithUnionQuery *>(ast.get()))
{
fuzz(with_union->list_of_selects);
}
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else if (auto * with_intersect_except = typeid_cast<ASTSelectIntersectExceptQuery *>(ast.get()))
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{
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auto selects = with_intersect_except->getListOfSelects();
fuzz(selects);
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}
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else if (auto * tables = typeid_cast<ASTTablesInSelectQuery *>(ast.get()))
{
fuzz(tables->children);
}
else if (auto * tables_element = typeid_cast<ASTTablesInSelectQueryElement *>(ast.get()))
{
fuzz(tables_element->table_join);
fuzz(tables_element->table_expression);
fuzz(tables_element->array_join);
}
else if (auto * table_expr = typeid_cast<ASTTableExpression *>(ast.get()))
{
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fuzz(table_expr->children);
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}
else if (auto * expr_list = typeid_cast<ASTExpressionList *>(ast.get()))
{
fuzz(expr_list->children);
}
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else if (auto * order_by_element = typeid_cast<ASTOrderByElement *>(ast.get()))
{
fuzzOrderByElement(order_by_element);
}
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else if (auto * fn = typeid_cast<ASTFunction *>(ast.get()))
{
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fuzzColumnLikeExpressionList(fn->arguments.get());
fuzzColumnLikeExpressionList(fn->parameters.get());
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if (fn->is_window_function && fn->window_definition)
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{
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auto & def = fn->window_definition->as<ASTWindowDefinition &>();
fuzzColumnLikeExpressionList(def.partition_by.get());
fuzzOrderByList(def.order_by.get());
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fuzzWindowFrame(def);
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}
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fuzz(fn->children);
}
else if (auto * select = typeid_cast<ASTSelectQuery *>(ast.get()))
{
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fuzzColumnLikeExpressionList(select->select().get());
if(select->groupBy().get())
{
if (fuzz_rand() % 50 == 0)
{
select->groupBy()->children.clear();
select->setExpression(ASTSelectQuery::Expression::GROUP_BY, {});
}
}
else if (fuzz_rand() % 50 == 0)
{
select->setExpression(ASTSelectQuery::Expression::GROUP_BY, getRandomExpressionList());
}
if(select->where().get())
{
if (fuzz_rand() % 50 == 0)
{
select->where()->children.clear();
select->setExpression(ASTSelectQuery::Expression::WHERE, {});
}
}
else if (fuzz_rand() % 50 == 0)
{
select->setExpression(ASTSelectQuery::Expression::WHERE, getRandomColumnLike());
}
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fuzzOrderByList(select->orderBy().get());
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fuzz(select->children);
}
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/*
* The time to fuzz the settings has not yet come.
* Apparently we don't have any infractructure to validate the values of
* the settings, and the first query with max_block_size = -1 breaks
* because of overflows here and there.
*//*
* else if (auto * set = typeid_cast<ASTSetQuery *>(ast.get()))
* {
* for (auto & c : set->changes)
* {
* if (fuzz_rand() % 50 == 0)
* {
* c.value = fuzzField(c.value);
* }
* }
* }
*/
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else if (auto * literal = typeid_cast<ASTLiteral *>(ast.get()))
{
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// There is a caveat with fuzzing the children: many ASTs also keep the
// links to particular children in own fields. This means that replacing
// the child with another object might lead to error. Many of these fields
// are ASTPtr -- this is redundant ownership, but hides the error if the
// child field is replaced. Others can be ASTLiteral * or the like, which
// leads to segfault if the pointed-to AST is replaced.
// Replacing children is safe in case of ASTExpressionList. In a more
// general case, we can change the value of ASTLiteral, which is what we
// do here.
if (fuzz_rand() % 11 == 0)
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{
literal->value = fuzzField(literal->value);
}
}
else
{
fuzz(ast->children);
}
}
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/*
* This functions collects various parts of query that we can then substitute
* to a query being fuzzed.
*
* TODO: we just stop remembering new parts after our corpus reaches certain size.
* This is boring, should implement a random replacement of existing parst with
* small probability. Do this after we add this fuzzer to CI and fix all the
* problems it can routinely find even in this boring version.
*/
void QueryFuzzer::collectFuzzInfoMain(ASTPtr ast)
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{
collectFuzzInfoRecurse(ast);
aliases.clear();
for (const auto & alias : aliases_set)
{
aliases.push_back(alias);
}
column_like.clear();
for (const auto & [name, value] : column_like_map)
{
column_like.push_back(value);
}
table_like.clear();
for (const auto & [name, value] : table_like_map)
{
table_like.push_back(value);
}
}
void QueryFuzzer::addTableLike(ASTPtr ast)
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{
if (table_like_map.size() > 1000)
{
table_like_map.clear();
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}
const auto name = ast->formatForErrorMessage();
if (name.size() < 200)
{
table_like_map.insert({name, ast});
}
}
void QueryFuzzer::addColumnLike(ASTPtr ast)
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{
if (column_like_map.size() > 1000)
{
column_like_map.clear();
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}
const auto name = ast->formatForErrorMessage();
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if (name == "Null")
{
// The `Null` identifier from FORMAT Null clause. We don't quote it
// properly when formatting the AST, and while the resulting query
// technically works, it has non-standard case for Null (the standard
// is NULL), so it breaks the query formatting idempotence check.
// Just plug this particular case for now.
return;
}
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if (name.size() < 200)
{
column_like_map.insert({name, ast});
}
}
void QueryFuzzer::collectFuzzInfoRecurse(ASTPtr ast)
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{
if (auto * impl = dynamic_cast<ASTWithAlias *>(ast.get()))
{
if (aliases_set.size() > 1000)
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{
aliases_set.clear();
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}
aliases_set.insert(impl->alias);
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}
if (typeid_cast<ASTLiteral *>(ast.get()))
{
addColumnLike(ast);
}
else if (typeid_cast<ASTIdentifier *>(ast.get()))
{
addColumnLike(ast);
}
else if (typeid_cast<ASTFunction *>(ast.get()))
{
addColumnLike(ast);
}
else if (typeid_cast<ASTTableExpression *>(ast.get()))
{
addTableLike(ast);
}
else if (typeid_cast<ASTSubquery *>(ast.get()))
{
addTableLike(ast);
}
for (const auto & child : ast->children)
{
collectFuzzInfoRecurse(child);
}
}
void QueryFuzzer::fuzzMain(ASTPtr & ast)
{
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current_ast_depth = 0;
debug_visited_nodes.clear();
debug_top_ast = &ast;
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collectFuzzInfoMain(ast);
fuzz(ast);
std::cout << std::endl;
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WriteBufferFromOStream ast_buf(std::cout, 4096);
formatAST(*ast, ast_buf, false /*highlight*/);
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ast_buf.next();
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std::cout << std::endl << std::endl;
}
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}