2020-04-04 09:15:31 +00:00
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
machine_translated: true
|
2020-05-15 04:34:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
machine_translated_rev: 72537a2d527c63c07aa5d2361a8829f3895cf2bd
|
2020-04-04 09:15:31 +00:00
|
|
|
|
toc_priority: 37
|
|
|
|
|
toc_title: "\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB"
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ファイル {#file}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-05-15 04:34:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
ファイルからテーブルを作成します。 この表関数は次のようになります [url](url.md) と [hdfs](hdfs.md) ワンズ
|
2020-04-04 09:15:31 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``` sql
|
|
|
|
|
file(path, format, structure)
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**入力パラメータ**
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-10-13 17:23:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
- `path` — The relative path to the file from [user_files_path](../../operations/server-configuration-parameters/settings.md#server_configuration_parameters-user_files_path). パスファイルをサポートglobに読み取り専用モード: `*`, `?`, `{abc,def}` と `{N..M}` どこに `N`, `M` — numbers, \``'abc', 'def'` — strings.
|
2020-05-15 04:34:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
- `format` — The [形式](../../interfaces/formats.md#formats) ファイルの。
|
2020-04-04 09:15:31 +00:00
|
|
|
|
- `structure` — Structure of the table. Format `'column1_name column1_type, column2_name column2_type, ...'`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**戻り値**
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-05-15 04:34:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
テーブルの指定された構造を読み取りまたは書き込みデータを、指定されたファイルです。
|
2020-04-04 09:15:31 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-05-15 04:34:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
**例**
|
2020-04-04 09:15:31 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
設定 `user_files_path` そして、ファイルの内容 `test.csv`:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``` bash
|
|
|
|
|
$ grep user_files_path /etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml
|
|
|
|
|
<user_files_path>/var/lib/clickhouse/user_files/</user_files_path>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ cat /var/lib/clickhouse/user_files/test.csv
|
|
|
|
|
1,2,3
|
|
|
|
|
3,2,1
|
|
|
|
|
78,43,45
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-05-15 04:34:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
テーブルから`test.csv` そして、それから最初の二つの行の選択:
|
2020-04-04 09:15:31 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``` sql
|
|
|
|
|
SELECT *
|
|
|
|
|
FROM file('test.csv', 'CSV', 'column1 UInt32, column2 UInt32, column3 UInt32')
|
|
|
|
|
LIMIT 2
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``` text
|
|
|
|
|
┌─column1─┬─column2─┬─column3─┐
|
|
|
|
|
│ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │
|
|
|
|
|
│ 3 │ 2 │ 1 │
|
|
|
|
|
└─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``` sql
|
|
|
|
|
-- getting the first 10 lines of a table that contains 3 columns of UInt32 type from a CSV file
|
|
|
|
|
SELECT * FROM file('test.csv', 'CSV', 'column1 UInt32, column2 UInt32, column3 UInt32') LIMIT 10
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**パス内のグロブ**
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-05-15 04:34:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
複数のパスコンポーネ のための処理中のファイルが存在するマッチのパスのパターンのみならず接尾辞または接頭).
|
2020-04-04 09:15:31 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `*` — Substitutes any number of any characters except `/` 空の文字列を含む。
|
|
|
|
|
- `?` — Substitutes any single character.
|
|
|
|
|
- `{some_string,another_string,yet_another_one}` — Substitutes any of strings `'some_string', 'another_string', 'yet_another_one'`.
|
|
|
|
|
- `{N..M}` — Substitutes any number in range from N to M including both borders.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-05-15 04:34:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
構造との `{}` に類似しています [遠隔テーブル機能](../../sql-reference/table-functions/remote.md)).
|
2020-04-04 09:15:31 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-05-15 04:34:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
**例**
|
2020-04-04 09:15:31 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. 次の相対パスを持つ複数のファイルがあるとします:
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-10-13 17:23:29 +00:00
|
|
|
|
- ‘some_dir/some_file_1’
|
|
|
|
|
- ‘some_dir/some_file_2’
|
|
|
|
|
- ‘some_dir/some_file_3’
|
|
|
|
|
- ‘another_dir/some_file_1’
|
|
|
|
|
- ‘another_dir/some_file_2’
|
|
|
|
|
- ‘another_dir/some_file_3’
|
2020-04-04 09:15:31 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-05-15 04:34:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
1. これらのファイル内の行の量を照会します:
|
2020-04-04 09:15:31 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``` sql
|
|
|
|
|
SELECT count(*)
|
|
|
|
|
FROM file('{some,another}_dir/some_file_{1..3}', 'TSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. クエリの量の行のすべてのファイルのディレクトリ:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``` sql
|
|
|
|
|
SELECT count(*)
|
|
|
|
|
FROM file('{some,another}_dir/*', 'TSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
!!! warning "警告"
|
2020-05-15 04:34:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
ファイ `?`.
|
2020-04-04 09:15:31 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2020-05-15 04:34:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
**例**
|
2020-04-04 09:15:31 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
クエリからのデータファイル名 `file000`, `file001`, … , `file999`:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``` sql
|
|
|
|
|
SELECT count(*)
|
|
|
|
|
FROM file('big_dir/file{0..9}{0..9}{0..9}', 'CSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 仮想列 {#virtual-columns}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `_path` — Path to the file.
|
|
|
|
|
- `_file` — Name of the file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-05-15 04:34:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
**も参照。**
|
2020-04-04 09:15:31 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-09-19 20:05:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
- [仮想列](https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/operations/table_engines/#table_engines-virtual_columns)
|
2020-04-04 09:15:31 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-09-19 20:05:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
[元の記事](https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/query_language/table_functions/file/) <!--hide-->
|