ClickHouse/docs/en/sql-reference/functions/ext-dict-functions.md

---
toc_priority: 58
toc_title: External Dictionaries
---

!!! attention "Attention"
    `dict_name` parameter must be fully qualified for dictionaries created with DDL queries. Eg. `<database>.<dict_name>`.

# Functions for Working with External Dictionaries {#ext_dict_functions}

For information on connecting and configuring external dictionaries, see [External dictionaries](../../sql-reference/dictionaries/external-dictionaries/external-dicts.md).

## dictGet {#dictget}

Retrieves a value from an external dictionary.

``` sql
dictGet('dict_name', 'attr_name', id_expr)
dictGetOrDefault('dict_name', 'attr_name', id_expr, default_value_expr)
```

**Arguments**

-   `dict_name` — Name of the dictionary. [String literal](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-string-literal).
-   `attr_name` — Name of the column of the dictionary. [String literal](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-string-literal).
-   `id_expr` — Key value. [Expression](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-expressions) returning a [UInt64](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md) or [Tuple](../../sql-reference/data-types/tuple.md)-type value depending on the dictionary configuration.
-   `default_value_expr` — Value returned if the dictionary doesn’t contain a row with the `id_expr` key. [Expression](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-expressions) returning the value in the data type configured for the `attr_name` attribute.

**Returned value**

-   If ClickHouse parses the attribute successfully in the [attribute’s data type](../../sql-reference/dictionaries/external-dictionaries/external-dicts-dict-structure.md#ext_dict_structure-attributes), functions return the value of the dictionary attribute that corresponds to `id_expr`.

-   If there is no the key, corresponding to `id_expr`, in the dictionary, then:

        - `dictGet` returns the content of the `<null_value>` element specified for the attribute in the dictionary configuration.
        - `dictGetOrDefault` returns the value passed as the `default_value_expr` parameter.

ClickHouse throws an exception if it cannot parse the value of the attribute or the value doesn’t match the attribute data type.

**Example**

Create a text file `ext-dict-text.csv` containing the following:

``` text
1,1
2,2
```

The first column is `id`, the second column is `c1`.

Configure the external dictionary:

``` xml
<yandex>
    <dictionary>
        <name>ext-dict-test</name>
        <source>
            <file>
                <path>/path-to/ext-dict-test.csv</path>
                <format>CSV</format>
            </file>
        </source>
        <layout>
            <flat />
        </layout>
        <structure>
            <id>
                <name>id</name>
            </id>
            <attribute>
                <name>c1</name>
                <type>UInt32</type>
                <null_value></null_value>
            </attribute>
        </structure>
        <lifetime>0</lifetime>
    </dictionary>
</yandex>
```

Perform the query:

``` sql
SELECT
    dictGetOrDefault('ext-dict-test', 'c1', number + 1, toUInt32(number * 10)) AS val,
    toTypeName(val) AS type
FROM system.numbers
LIMIT 3
```

``` text
┌─val─┬─type───┐
│   1 │ UInt32 │
│   2 │ UInt32 │
│  20 │ UInt32 │
└─────┴────────┘
```

**See Also**

-   [External Dictionaries](../../sql-reference/dictionaries/external-dictionaries/external-dicts.md)

## dictHas {#dicthas}

Checks whether a key is present in a dictionary.

``` sql
dictHas('dict_name', id_expr)
```

**Arguments**

-   `dict_name` — Name of the dictionary. [String literal](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-string-literal).
-   `id_expr` — Key value. [Expression](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-expressions) returning a [UInt64](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md) or [Tuple](../../sql-reference/data-types/tuple.md)-type value depending on the dictionary configuration.

**Returned value**

-   0, if there is no key.
-   1, if there is a key.

Type: `UInt8`.

## dictGetHierarchy {#dictgethierarchy}

Creates an array, containing all the parents of a key in the [hierarchical dictionary](../../sql-reference/dictionaries/external-dictionaries/external-dicts-dict-hierarchical.md).

**Syntax**

``` sql
dictGetHierarchy('dict_name', key)
```

**Arguments**

-   `dict_name` — Name of the dictionary. [String literal](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-string-literal).
-   `key` — Key value. [Expression](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-expressions) returning a [UInt64](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md)-type value.

**Returned value**

-   Parents for the key.

Type: [Array(UInt64)](../../sql-reference/data-types/array.md).

## dictIsIn {#dictisin}

Checks the ancestor of a key through the whole hierarchical chain in the dictionary.

``` sql
dictIsIn('dict_name', child_id_expr, ancestor_id_expr)
```

**Arguments**

-   `dict_name` — Name of the dictionary. [String literal](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-string-literal).
-   `child_id_expr` — Key to be checked. [Expression](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-expressions) returning a [UInt64](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md)-type value.
-   `ancestor_id_expr` — Alleged ancestor of the `child_id_expr` key. [Expression](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-expressions) returning a [UInt64](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md)-type value.

**Returned value**

-   0, if `child_id_expr` is not a child of `ancestor_id_expr`.
-   1, if `child_id_expr` is a child of `ancestor_id_expr` or if `child_id_expr` is an `ancestor_id_expr`.

Type: `UInt8`.

## dictGetChildren {#dictgetchildren}

Returns first-level children as an array of indexes. It is a inverse transformation for [dictGetHierarchy](#dictgethierarchy).

**Syntax** 

``` sql
dictGetChildren(dict_name, key)
```

**Arguments** 

-   `dict_name` — Name of the dictionary. [String literal](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-string-literal). 
-   `key` — Key value. [Expression](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-expressions) returning a [UInt64](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md)-type value. 

**Returned values**

-   First-level descendants for the key.

Type: [Array(UInt64)](../../sql-reference/data-types/array.md).

## dictGetDescendant {#dictgetdescendant}

Returns all descendants as if [dictGetChildren](#dictgetchildren) was applied `level` times recursively.  

**Syntax**

``` sql
dictGetDescendants(dict_name, key, level)
```

**Arguments** 

-   `dict_name` — Name of the dictionary. [String literal](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-string-literal). 
-   `key` — Key value. [Expression](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-expressions) returning a [UInt64](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md)-type value.
-   `level` — hierarchy level. If `level = 0` returns all descendants to the end. [UInt8](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md).

**Returned values**

-   Descendants for the key.

Type: [Array(UInt64)](../../sql-reference/data-types/array.md).

## Other Functions {#ext_dict_functions-other}

ClickHouse supports specialized functions that convert dictionary attribute values to a specific data type regardless of the dictionary configuration.

Functions:

-   `dictGetInt8`, `dictGetInt16`, `dictGetInt32`, `dictGetInt64`
-   `dictGetUInt8`, `dictGetUInt16`, `dictGetUInt32`, `dictGetUInt64`
-   `dictGetFloat32`, `dictGetFloat64`
-   `dictGetDate`
-   `dictGetDateTime`
-   `dictGetUUID`
-   `dictGetString`

All these functions have the `OrDefault` modification. For example, `dictGetDateOrDefault`.

Syntax:

``` sql
dictGet[Type]('dict_name', 'attr_name', id_expr)
dictGet[Type]OrDefault('dict_name', 'attr_name', id_expr, default_value_expr)
```

**Arguments**

-   `dict_name` — Name of the dictionary. [String literal](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-string-literal).
-   `attr_name` — Name of the column of the dictionary. [String literal](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-string-literal).
-   `id_expr` — Key value. [Expression](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-expressions) returning a [UInt64](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md) or [Tuple](../../sql-reference/data-types/tuple.md)-type value depending on the dictionary configuration.
-   `default_value_expr` — Value returned if the dictionary doesn’t contain a row with the `id_expr` key. [Expression](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#syntax-expressions) returning the value in the data type configured for the `attr_name` attribute.

**Returned value**

-   If ClickHouse parses the attribute successfully in the [attribute’s data type](../../sql-reference/dictionaries/external-dictionaries/external-dicts-dict-structure.md#ext_dict_structure-attributes), functions return the value of the dictionary attribute that corresponds to `id_expr`.

-   If there is no requested `id_expr` in the dictionary then:

        - `dictGet[Type]` returns the content of the `<null_value>` element specified for the attribute in the dictionary configuration.
        - `dictGet[Type]OrDefault` returns the value passed as the `default_value_expr` parameter.

ClickHouse throws an exception if it cannot parse the value of the attribute or the value doesn’t match the attribute data type.