2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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---
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2022-08-26 19:07:59 +00:00
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slug: /zh/sql-reference/statements/system
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2022-04-10 23:08:18 +00:00
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sidebar_position: 37
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sidebar_label: SYSTEM
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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---
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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# SYSTEM Queries {#query-language-system}
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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## RELOAD EMBEDDED DICTIONARIES\] {#query_language-system-reload-emdedded-dictionaries}
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重新加载所有[内置字典](../../sql-reference/dictionaries/internal-dicts.md)。默认情况下内置字典是禁用的。
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总是返回 ‘OK.’,不管这些内置字典的更新结果如何。
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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## RELOAD DICTIONARIES {#query_language-system-reload-dictionaries}
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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重载已经被成功加载过的所有字典。
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2020-10-13 17:23:29 +00:00
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默认情况下,字典是延时加载的( [dictionaries_lazy_load](../../operations/server-configuration-parameters/settings.md#server_configuration_parameters-dictionaries_lazy_load)),不是在服务启动时自动加载,而是在第一次使用dictGet函数或通过 `SELECT from tables with ENGINE = Dictionary` 进行访问时被初始化。这个命令 `SYSTEM RELOAD DICTIONARIES` 就是针对这类表进行重新加载的。
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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2020-10-13 17:23:29 +00:00
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## RELOAD DICTIONARY Dictionary_name {#query_language-system-reload-dictionary}
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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2020-10-13 17:23:29 +00:00
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完全重新加载指定字典 `dictionary_name`,不管该字典的状态如何(LOADED / NOT_LOADED / FAILED)。不管字典的更新结果如何,总是返回 `OK.`
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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字典的状态可以通过查询 `system.dictionaries`表来检查。
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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``` sql
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SELECT name, status FROM system.dictionaries;
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```
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## DROP DNS CACHE {#query_language-system-drop-dns-cache}
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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重置CH的dns缓存。有时候(对于旧的ClickHouse版本)当某些底层环境发生变化时(修改其它Clickhouse服务器的ip或字典所在服务器的ip),需要使用该命令。
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2020-10-13 17:23:29 +00:00
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更多自动化的缓存管理相关信息,参见disable_internal_dns_cache, dns_cache_update_period这些参数。
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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## DROP MARK CACHE {#query_language-system-drop-mark-cache}
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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重置mark缓存。在进行ClickHouse开发或性能测试时使用。
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## DROP REPLICA {#query_language-system-drop-replica}
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使用下面的语句可以删除已经无效的副本。
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```sql
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SYSTEM DROP REPLICA 'replica_name' FROM TABLE database.table;
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SYSTEM DROP REPLICA 'replica_name' FROM DATABASE database;
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SYSTEM DROP REPLICA 'replica_name';
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SYSTEM DROP REPLICA 'replica_name' FROM ZKPATH '/path/to/table/in/zk';
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```
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该操作将副本的路径从Zookeeper中删除。当副本失效,并且由于该副本已经不存在导致它的元数据不能通过 `DROP TABLE`从zookeeper中删除,这种情形下可以使用该命令。它只会删除失效或过期的副本,不会删除本地的副本。请使用 `DROP TABLE` 来删除本地副本。 `DROP REPLICA` 不会删除任何表,并且不会删除磁盘上的任何数据或元数据信息。
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第1条语句:删除 `database.table`表的 `replica_name`副本的元数据
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第2条语句:删除 `database` 数据库的 所有`replica_name`副本的元数据
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第3条语句:删除本地服务器所有 `replica_name`副本的元数据
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第4条语句:用于在表的其它所有副本都删除时,删除已失效副本的元数据。使用时需要明确指定表的路径。该路径必须和创建表时 `ReplicatedMergeTree`引擎的第一个参数一致。
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## DROP UNCOMPRESSED CACHE {#query_language-system-drop-uncompressed-cache}
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重置未压缩数据的缓存。用于ClickHouse开发和性能测试。
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2020-10-13 17:23:29 +00:00
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管理未压缩数据缓存的参数,使用以下的服务器级别设置 [uncompressed_cache_size](../../operations/server-configuration-parameters/settings.md#server-settings-uncompressed_cache_size)以及 `query/user/profile`级别设置 [use_uncompressed_cache](../../operations/settings/settings.md#setting-use_uncompressed_cache)
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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## DROP COMPILED EXPRESSION CACHE {#query_language-system-drop-compiled-expression-cache}
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重置已编译的表达式缓存。用于ClickHouse开发和性能测试。
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2021-06-25 20:27:18 +00:00
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当 `query/user/profile` 启用配置项 [compile-expressions](../../operations/settings/settings.md#compile-expressions)时,编译的表达式缓存开启。
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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## FLUSH LOGS {#query_language-system-flush_logs}
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2020-10-13 17:23:29 +00:00
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将日志信息缓冲数据刷入系统表(例如system.query_log)。调试时允许等待不超过7.5秒。当信息队列为空时,会创建系统表。
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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## RELOAD CONFIG {#query_language-system-reload-config}
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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重新加载ClickHouse的配置。用于当配置信息存放在ZooKeeper时。
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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## SHUTDOWN {#query_language-system-shutdown}
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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关闭ClickHouse服务(类似于 `service clickhouse-server stop` / `kill {$pid_clickhouse-server}`)
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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## KILL {#query_language-system-kill}
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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关闭ClickHouse进程 ( `kill -9 {$ pid_clickhouse-server}`)
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## Managing Distributed Tables {#query-language-system-distributed}
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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ClickHouse可以管理 [distribute](../../engines/table-engines/special/distributed.md)表。当用户向这类表插入数据时,ClickHouse首先为需要发送到集群节点的数据创建一个队列,然后异步的发送它们。你可以维护队列的处理过程,通过[STOP DISTRIBUTED SENDS](#query_language-system-stop-distributed-sends), [FLUSH DISTRIBUTED](#query_language-system-flush-distributed), 以及 [START DISTRIBUTED SENDS](#query_language-system-start-distributed-sends)。你也可以设置 `insert_distributed_sync`参数来以同步的方式插入分布式数据。
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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### STOP DISTRIBUTED SENDS {#query_language-system-stop-distributed-sends}
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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当向分布式表插入数据时,禁用后台的分布式数据分发。
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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``` sql
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SYSTEM STOP DISTRIBUTED SENDS [db.]<distributed_table_name>
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```
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### FLUSH DISTRIBUTED {#query_language-system-flush-distributed}
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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强制让ClickHouse同步向集群节点同步发送数据。如果有节点失效,ClickHouse抛出异常并停止插入操作。当所有节点都恢复上线时,你可以重试之前的操作直到成功执行。
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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``` sql
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SYSTEM FLUSH DISTRIBUTED [db.]<distributed_table_name>
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```
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### START DISTRIBUTED SENDS {#query_language-system-start-distributed-sends}
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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当向分布式表插入数据时,允许后台的分布式数据分发。
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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``` sql
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SYSTEM START DISTRIBUTED SENDS [db.]<distributed_table_name>
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```
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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## Managing MergeTree Tables {#query-language-system-mergetree}
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ClickHouse可以管理 [MergeTree](../../engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree.md)表的后台处理进程。
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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### STOP MERGES {#query_language-system-stop-merges}
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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为MergeTree系列引擎表停止后台合并操作。
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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``` sql
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SYSTEM STOP MERGES [[db.]merge_tree_family_table_name]
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```
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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!!! note "Note"
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`DETACH / ATTACH` 表操作会在后台进行表的merge操作,甚至当所有MergeTree表的合并操作已经停止的情况下。
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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### START MERGES {#query_language-system-start-merges}
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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为MergeTree系列引擎表启动后台合并操作。
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2020-04-08 14:22:25 +00:00
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``` sql
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SYSTEM START MERGES [[db.]merge_tree_family_table_name]
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```
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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### STOP TTL MERGES {#query_language-stop-ttl-merges}
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根据 [TTL expression](../../engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree.md#table_engine-mergetree-ttl),为MergeTree系列引擎表停止后台删除旧数据。
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不管表存在与否,都返回 `OK.`。当数据库不存在时返回错误。
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``` sql
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SYSTEM STOP TTL MERGES [[db.]merge_tree_family_table_name]
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```
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### START TTL MERGES {#query_language-start-ttl-merges}
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根据 [TTL expression](../../engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree.md#table_engine-mergetree-ttl),为MergeTree系列引擎表启动后台删除旧数据。不管表存在与否,都返回 `OK.`。当数据库不存在时返回错误。
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``` sql
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SYSTEM START TTL MERGES [[db.]merge_tree_family_table_name]
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```
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### STOP MOVES {#query_language-stop-moves}
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根据 [TTL expression](../../engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree.md#table_engine-mergetree-ttl),为MergeTree系列引擎表停止后台移动数据。不管表存在与否,都返回 `OK.`。当数据库不存在时返回错误。
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``` sql
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SYSTEM STOP MOVES [[db.]merge_tree_family_table_name]
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```
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### START MOVES {#query_language-start-moves}
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根据 [TTL expression](../../engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree.md#table_engine-mergetree-ttl),为MergeTree系列引擎表启动后台移动数据。不管表存在与否,都返回 `OK.`。当数据库不存在时返回错误。
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``` sql
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SYSTEM STOP MOVES [[db.]merge_tree_family_table_name]
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```
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2022-06-08 12:09:59 +00:00
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### SYSTEM UNFREEZE {#query_language-system-unfreeze}
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2022-08-29 17:59:51 +00:00
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从所有磁盘中清除具有指定名称的冻结备份。 查看更多关于解冻单独部分的信息 [ALTER TABLE table_name UNFREEZE WITH NAME ](alter/partition.mdx#alter_unfreeze-partition)
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2022-06-08 12:09:59 +00:00
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``` sql
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SYSTEM UNFREEZE WITH NAME <backup_name>
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```
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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## Managing ReplicatedMergeTree Tables {#query-language-system-replicated}
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管理 [ReplicatedMergeTree](../../engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/replacingmergetree.md)表的后台复制相关进程。
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### STOP FETCHES {#query_language-system-stop-fetches}
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2021-06-25 20:27:18 +00:00
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停止后台获取 `ReplicatedMergeTree`系列引擎表中插入的数据块。
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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不管表引擎类型如何或表/数据库是否存,都返回 `OK.`。
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``` sql
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SYSTEM STOP FETCHES [[db.]replicated_merge_tree_family_table_name]
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```
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### START FETCHES {#query_language-system-start-fetches}
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2021-06-25 20:27:18 +00:00
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启动后台获取 `ReplicatedMergeTree`系列引擎表中插入的数据块。
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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不管表引擎类型如何或表/数据库是否存,都返回 `OK.`。
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``` sql
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SYSTEM START FETCHES [[db.]replicated_merge_tree_family_table_name]
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```
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### STOP REPLICATED SENDS {#query_language-system-start-replicated-sends}
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2021-06-25 20:27:18 +00:00
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停止通过后台分发 `ReplicatedMergeTree`系列引擎表中新插入的数据块到集群的其它副本节点。
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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``` sql
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SYSTEM STOP REPLICATED SENDS [[db.]replicated_merge_tree_family_table_name]
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```
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### START REPLICATED SENDS {#query_language-system-start-replicated-sends}
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2021-06-25 20:27:18 +00:00
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启动通过后台分发 `ReplicatedMergeTree`系列引擎表中新插入的数据块到集群的其它副本节点。
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2020-06-26 15:47:14 +00:00
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``` sql
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SYSTEM START REPLICATED SENDS [[db.]replicated_merge_tree_family_table_name]
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```
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### STOP REPLICATION QUEUES {#query_language-system-stop-replication-queues}
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停止从Zookeeper中获取 `ReplicatedMergeTree`系列表的复制队列的后台任务。可能的后台任务类型包含:merges, fetches, mutation,带有 `ON CLUSTER`的ddl语句
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``` sql
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SYSTEM STOP REPLICATION QUEUES [[db.]replicated_merge_tree_family_table_name]
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```
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### START REPLICATION QUEUES {#query_language-system-start-replication-queues}
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启动从Zookeeper中获取 `ReplicatedMergeTree`系列表的复制队列的后台任务。可能的后台任务类型包含:merges, fetches, mutation,带有 `ON CLUSTER`的ddl语句
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``` sql
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SYSTEM START REPLICATION QUEUES [[db.]replicated_merge_tree_family_table_name]
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```
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### SYNC REPLICA {#query_language-system-sync-replica}
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直到 `ReplicatedMergeTree`表将要和集群的其它副本进行同步之前会一直运行。如果当前对表的获取操作禁用的话,在达到 `receive_timeout`之前会一直运行。
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``` sql
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SYSTEM SYNC REPLICA [db.]replicated_merge_tree_family_table_name
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```
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### RESTART REPLICA {#query_language-system-restart-replica}
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重置 `ReplicatedMergeTree`表的Zookeeper会话状态。该操作会以Zookeeper为参照,对比当前状态,有需要的情况下将任务添加到ZooKeeper队列。
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基于ZooKeeper的日期初始化复制队列,类似于 `ATTACH TABLE`语句。短时间内不能对表进行任何操作。
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``` sql
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SYSTEM RESTART REPLICA [db.]replicated_merge_tree_family_table_name
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```
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### RESTART REPLICAS {#query_language-system-restart-replicas}
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重置所有 `ReplicatedMergeTree`表的ZooKeeper会话状态。该操作会以Zookeeper为参照,对比当前状态,有需要的情况下将任务添加到ZooKeeper队列。
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