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609 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
609 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
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---
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machine_translated: true
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machine_translated_rev: d734a8e46ddd7465886ba4133bff743c55190626
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toc_priority: 43
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toc_title: "\u5916\u90E8\u8F9E\u66F8\u306E\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9"
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---
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# 外部辞書のソース {#dicts-external-dicts-dict-sources}
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外部辞書は、さまざまなソースから接続できます。
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辞書がxmlファイルを使用して設定されている場合、設定は次のようになります:
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``` xml
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<yandex>
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<dictionary>
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...
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<source>
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<source_type>
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<!-- Source configuration -->
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</source_type>
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</source>
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...
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</dictionary>
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...
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</yandex>
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```
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の場合 [DDL-クエリ](../../statements/create.md#create-dictionary-query)、等しい構成は次のようになります:
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``` sql
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CREATE DICTIONARY dict_name (...)
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...
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SOURCE(SOURCE_TYPE(param1 val1 ... paramN valN)) -- Source configuration
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...
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```
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ソースは、 `source` セクション。
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ソースの種類 (`source_type`):
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- [Localファイル](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-local_file)
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- [実行可能ファイル](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-executable)
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- [HTTP(s)](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-http)
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- DBMS
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- [ODBC](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-odbc)
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- [MySQL](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-mysql)
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- [クリックハウス](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-clickhouse)
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- [MongoDB](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-mongodb)
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- [レディス](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-redis)
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## Localファイル {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-local_file}
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設定例:
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``` xml
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<source>
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<file>
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<path>/opt/dictionaries/os.tsv</path>
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<format>TabSeparated</format>
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</file>
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</source>
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```
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または
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``` sql
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SOURCE(FILE(path '/opt/dictionaries/os.tsv' format 'TabSeparated'))
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```
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フィールドの設定:
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- `path` – The absolute path to the file.
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- `format` – The file format. All the formats described in “[形式](../../../interfaces/formats.md#formats)” サポートされます。
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## 実行可能ファイル {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-executable}
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実行可能ファイルの操作は [辞書がメモリにどのように格納されるか](external_dicts_dict_layout.md). 辞書が以下を使用して格納されている場合 `cache` と `complex_key_cache` ClickHouseは、実行可能ファイルのSTDINに要求を送信することによって、必要なキーを要求します。 その他、ClickHouse始まり実行可能ファイルを扱い、その出力としての辞書のデータです。
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設定例:
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``` xml
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<source>
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<executable>
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<command>cat /opt/dictionaries/os.tsv</command>
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<format>TabSeparated</format>
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</executable>
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</source>
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```
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または
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``` sql
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SOURCE(EXECUTABLE(command 'cat /opt/dictionaries/os.tsv' format 'TabSeparated'))
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```
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フィールドの設定:
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- `command` – The absolute path to the executable file, or the file name (if the program directory is written to `PATH`).
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- `format` – The file format. All the formats described in “[形式](../../../interfaces/formats.md#formats)” サポートされます。
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## Http(s) {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-http}
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HTTP(s)サーバーの操作は次の条件によって異なります [辞書がメモリにどのように格納されるか](external_dicts_dict_layout.md). 辞書が以下を使用して格納されている場合 `cache` と `complex_key_cache`、ClickHouse要求を送信することによって必要なキーを経由して `POST` 方法。
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設定例:
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``` xml
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<source>
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<http>
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<url>http://[::1]/os.tsv</url>
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<format>TabSeparated</format>
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<credentials>
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<user>user</user>
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<password>password</password>
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</credentials>
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<headers>
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<header>
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<name>API-KEY</name>
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<value>key</value>
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</header>
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</headers>
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</http>
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</source>
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```
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または
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``` sql
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SOURCE(HTTP(
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url 'http://[::1]/os.tsv'
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format 'TabSeparated'
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credentials(user 'user' password 'password')
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headers(header(name 'API-KEY' value 'key'))
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))
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```
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ClickHouseがHTTPSリソースにアクセスするには、次のことが必要です [openSSLを設定](../../../operations/server_configuration_parameters/settings.md#server_configuration_parameters-openssl) サーバー構成で。
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フィールドの設定:
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- `url` – The source URL.
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- `format` – The file format. All the formats described in “[形式](../../../interfaces/formats.md#formats)” サポートされます。
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- `credentials` – Basic HTTP authentication. Optional parameter.
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- `user` – Username required for the authentication.
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- `password` – Password required for the authentication.
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- `headers` – All custom HTTP headers entries used for the HTTP request. Optional parameter.
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- `header` – Single HTTP header entry.
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- `name` – Identifiant name used for the header send on the request.
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- `value` – Value set for a specific identifiant name.
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## ODBC {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-odbc}
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このメソッドを使用して、odbcドライバーを持つデータベースを接続できます。
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設定例:
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``` xml
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<source>
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<odbc>
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<db>DatabaseName</db>
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<table>ShemaName.TableName</table>
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<connection_string>DSN=some_parameters</connection_string>
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<invalidate_query>SQL_QUERY</invalidate_query>
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</odbc>
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</source>
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```
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または
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``` sql
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SOURCE(ODBC(
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db 'DatabaseName'
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table 'SchemaName.TableName'
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connection_string 'DSN=some_parameters'
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invalidate_query 'SQL_QUERY'
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))
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```
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フィールドの設定:
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- `db` – Name of the database. Omit it if the database name is set in the `<connection_string>` パラメータ。
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- `table` – Name of the table and schema if exists.
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- `connection_string` – Connection string.
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- `invalidate_query` – Query for checking the dictionary status. Optional parameter. Read more in the section [辞書の更新](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md).
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ClickHouseはODBCドライバからクォート記号を受け取り、クエリのすべての設定をドライバに引用するので、データベースのテーブル名に応じてテーブル名を設定する
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Oracleを使用しているときにエンコードに問題がある場合は、対応する [FAQ](../../../faq/general.md#oracle-odbc-encodings) 記事。
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### ODBCディクショナリ機能の既知の脆弱性 {#known-vulnerability-of-the-odbc-dictionary-functionality}
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!!! attention "注意"
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ODBC driver connectionパラメーターを使用してデータベースに接続する場合 `Servername` 置換することができる。 この場合、 `USERNAME` と `PASSWORD` から `odbc.ini` リモートサーバーに送信され、侵害される可能性があります。
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**安全でない使用例**
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PostgreSQL用にunixODBCを設定してみましょう。 の内容 `/etc/odbc.ini`:
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``` text
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[gregtest]
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Driver = /usr/lib/psqlodbca.so
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Servername = localhost
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PORT = 5432
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DATABASE = test_db
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#OPTION = 3
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USERNAME = test
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PASSWORD = test
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```
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次に、次のようなクエリを作成します
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``` sql
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SELECT * FROM odbc('DSN=gregtest;Servername=some-server.com', 'test_db');
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```
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ODBCドライバーの値を送信します `USERNAME` と `PASSWORD` から `odbc.ini` に `some-server.com`.
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### Postgresqlの接続例 {#example-of-connecting-postgresql}
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UbuntuのOS。
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UnixODBCとPostgreSQL用のODBCドライバのインストール:
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``` bash
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$ sudo apt-get install -y unixodbc odbcinst odbc-postgresql
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```
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設定 `/etc/odbc.ini` (または `~/.odbc.ini`):
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``` text
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[DEFAULT]
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Driver = myconnection
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[myconnection]
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Description = PostgreSQL connection to my_db
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Driver = PostgreSQL Unicode
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Database = my_db
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Servername = 127.0.0.1
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UserName = username
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Password = password
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Port = 5432
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Protocol = 9.3
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ReadOnly = No
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RowVersioning = No
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ShowSystemTables = No
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ConnSettings =
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```
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クリックハウスの辞書構成:
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``` xml
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<yandex>
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<dictionary>
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<name>table_name</name>
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<source>
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<odbc>
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<!-- You can specify the following parameters in connection_string: -->
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<!-- DSN=myconnection;UID=username;PWD=password;HOST=127.0.0.1;PORT=5432;DATABASE=my_db -->
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<connection_string>DSN=myconnection</connection_string>
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<table>postgresql_table</table>
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</odbc>
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</source>
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<lifetime>
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<min>300</min>
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<max>360</max>
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</lifetime>
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<layout>
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<hashed/>
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</layout>
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<structure>
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<id>
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<name>id</name>
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</id>
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<attribute>
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<name>some_column</name>
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<type>UInt64</type>
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<null_value>0</null_value>
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</attribute>
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</structure>
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</dictionary>
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</yandex>
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```
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または
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``` sql
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CREATE DICTIONARY table_name (
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id UInt64,
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some_column UInt64 DEFAULT 0
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)
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PRIMARY KEY id
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SOURCE(ODBC(connection_string 'DSN=myconnection' table 'postgresql_table'))
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LAYOUT(HASHED())
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LIFETIME(MIN 300 MAX 360)
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```
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編集が必要な場合があります `odbc.ini` ドライバを使用してライブラリへのフルパスを指定するには `DRIVER=/usr/local/lib/psqlodbcw.so`.
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### MS SQL Serverの接続例 {#example-of-connecting-ms-sql-server}
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UbuntuのOS。
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設置のドライバー: :
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``` bash
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$ sudo apt-get install tdsodbc freetds-bin sqsh
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```
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ドライバの設定:
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``` bash
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$ cat /etc/freetds/freetds.conf
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...
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[MSSQL]
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host = 192.168.56.101
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port = 1433
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tds version = 7.0
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client charset = UTF-8
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$ cat /etc/odbcinst.ini
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...
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[FreeTDS]
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Description = FreeTDS
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Driver = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/odbc/libtdsodbc.so
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Setup = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/odbc/libtdsS.so
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FileUsage = 1
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UsageCount = 5
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$ cat ~/.odbc.ini
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...
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[MSSQL]
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Description = FreeTDS
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Driver = FreeTDS
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Servername = MSSQL
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Database = test
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UID = test
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PWD = test
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Port = 1433
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```
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ClickHouseでの辞書の設定:
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``` xml
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<yandex>
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<dictionary>
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<name>test</name>
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<source>
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<odbc>
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<table>dict</table>
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<connection_string>DSN=MSSQL;UID=test;PWD=test</connection_string>
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</odbc>
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</source>
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<lifetime>
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<min>300</min>
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<max>360</max>
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</lifetime>
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<layout>
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<flat />
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</layout>
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<structure>
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<id>
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<name>k</name>
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</id>
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<attribute>
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<name>s</name>
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<type>String</type>
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<null_value></null_value>
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</attribute>
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</structure>
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</dictionary>
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</yandex>
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|||
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```
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|||
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または
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|||
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``` sql
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CREATE DICTIONARY test (
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k UInt64,
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s String DEFAULT ''
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)
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PRIMARY KEY k
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SOURCE(ODBC(table 'dict' connection_string 'DSN=MSSQL;UID=test;PWD=test'))
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LAYOUT(FLAT())
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LIFETIME(MIN 300 MAX 360)
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```
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## DBMS {#dbms}
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|||
|
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|||
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### Mysql {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-mysql}
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|||
|
|
|||
|
設定例:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
``` xml
|
|||
|
<source>
|
|||
|
<mysql>
|
|||
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<port>3306</port>
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|||
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<user>clickhouse</user>
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|||
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<password>qwerty</password>
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<replica>
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|||
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<host>example01-1</host>
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|||
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<priority>1</priority>
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|||
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</replica>
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|||
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<replica>
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|||
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<host>example01-2</host>
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|||
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<priority>1</priority>
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|||
|
</replica>
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|||
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<db>db_name</db>
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|||
|
<table>table_name</table>
|
|||
|
<where>id=10</where>
|
|||
|
<invalidate_query>SQL_QUERY</invalidate_query>
|
|||
|
</mysql>
|
|||
|
</source>
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
または
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
``` sql
|
|||
|
SOURCE(MYSQL(
|
|||
|
port 3306
|
|||
|
user 'clickhouse'
|
|||
|
password 'qwerty'
|
|||
|
replica(host 'example01-1' priority 1)
|
|||
|
replica(host 'example01-2' priority 1)
|
|||
|
db 'db_name'
|
|||
|
table 'table_name'
|
|||
|
where 'id=10'
|
|||
|
invalidate_query 'SQL_QUERY'
|
|||
|
))
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
フィールドの設定:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- `port` – The port on the MySQL server. You can specify it for all replicas, or for each one individually (inside `<replica>`).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- `user` – Name of the MySQL user. You can specify it for all replicas, or for each one individually (inside `<replica>`).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- `password` – Password of the MySQL user. You can specify it for all replicas, or for each one individually (inside `<replica>`).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- `replica` – Section of replica configurations. There can be multiple sections.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- `replica/host` – The MySQL host.
|
|||
|
- `replica/priority` – The replica priority. When attempting to connect, ClickHouse traverses the replicas in order of priority. The lower the number, the higher the priority.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- `db` – Name of the database.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- `table` – Name of the table.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- `where` – The selection criteria. The syntax for conditions is the same as for `WHERE` たとえば、MySQLの句, `id > 10 AND id < 20`. 省略可能なパラメータ。
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- `invalidate_query` – Query for checking the dictionary status. Optional parameter. Read more in the section [辞書の更新](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
MySQLは、ローカルホスト上でソケット経由で接続できます。 これを行うには、 `host` と `socket`.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
設定例:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
``` xml
|
|||
|
<source>
|
|||
|
<mysql>
|
|||
|
<host>localhost</host>
|
|||
|
<socket>/path/to/socket/file.sock</socket>
|
|||
|
<user>clickhouse</user>
|
|||
|
<password>qwerty</password>
|
|||
|
<db>db_name</db>
|
|||
|
<table>table_name</table>
|
|||
|
<where>id=10</where>
|
|||
|
<invalidate_query>SQL_QUERY</invalidate_query>
|
|||
|
</mysql>
|
|||
|
</source>
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
または
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
``` sql
|
|||
|
SOURCE(MYSQL(
|
|||
|
host 'localhost'
|
|||
|
socket '/path/to/socket/file.sock'
|
|||
|
user 'clickhouse'
|
|||
|
password 'qwerty'
|
|||
|
db 'db_name'
|
|||
|
table 'table_name'
|
|||
|
where 'id=10'
|
|||
|
invalidate_query 'SQL_QUERY'
|
|||
|
))
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### クリックハウス {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-clickhouse}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
設定例:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
``` xml
|
|||
|
<source>
|
|||
|
<clickhouse>
|
|||
|
<host>example01-01-1</host>
|
|||
|
<port>9000</port>
|
|||
|
<user>default</user>
|
|||
|
<password></password>
|
|||
|
<db>default</db>
|
|||
|
<table>ids</table>
|
|||
|
<where>id=10</where>
|
|||
|
</clickhouse>
|
|||
|
</source>
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
または
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
``` sql
|
|||
|
SOURCE(CLICKHOUSE(
|
|||
|
host 'example01-01-1'
|
|||
|
port 9000
|
|||
|
user 'default'
|
|||
|
password ''
|
|||
|
db 'default'
|
|||
|
table 'ids'
|
|||
|
where 'id=10'
|
|||
|
))
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
フィールドの設定:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- `host` – The ClickHouse host. If it is a local host, the query is processed without any network activity. To improve fault tolerance, you can create a [分散](../../../engines/table_engines/special/distributed.md) テーブルと後続の構成でそれを入力します。
|
|||
|
- `port` – The port on the ClickHouse server.
|
|||
|
- `user` – Name of the ClickHouse user.
|
|||
|
- `password` – Password of the ClickHouse user.
|
|||
|
- `db` – Name of the database.
|
|||
|
- `table` – Name of the table.
|
|||
|
- `where` – The selection criteria. May be omitted.
|
|||
|
- `invalidate_query` – Query for checking the dictionary status. Optional parameter. Read more in the section [辞書の更新](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### Mongodb {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-mongodb}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
設定例:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
``` xml
|
|||
|
<source>
|
|||
|
<mongodb>
|
|||
|
<host>localhost</host>
|
|||
|
<port>27017</port>
|
|||
|
<user></user>
|
|||
|
<password></password>
|
|||
|
<db>test</db>
|
|||
|
<collection>dictionary_source</collection>
|
|||
|
</mongodb>
|
|||
|
</source>
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
または
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
``` sql
|
|||
|
SOURCE(MONGO(
|
|||
|
host 'localhost'
|
|||
|
port 27017
|
|||
|
user ''
|
|||
|
password ''
|
|||
|
db 'test'
|
|||
|
collection 'dictionary_source'
|
|||
|
))
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
フィールドの設定:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- `host` – The MongoDB host.
|
|||
|
- `port` – The port on the MongoDB server.
|
|||
|
- `user` – Name of the MongoDB user.
|
|||
|
- `password` – Password of the MongoDB user.
|
|||
|
- `db` – Name of the database.
|
|||
|
- `collection` – Name of the collection.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
### レディス {#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-redis}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
設定例:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
``` xml
|
|||
|
<source>
|
|||
|
<redis>
|
|||
|
<host>localhost</host>
|
|||
|
<port>6379</port>
|
|||
|
<storage_type>simple</storage_type>
|
|||
|
<db_index>0</db_index>
|
|||
|
</redis>
|
|||
|
</source>
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
または
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
``` sql
|
|||
|
SOURCE(REDIS(
|
|||
|
host 'localhost'
|
|||
|
port 6379
|
|||
|
storage_type 'simple'
|
|||
|
db_index 0
|
|||
|
))
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
フィールドの設定:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- `host` – The Redis host.
|
|||
|
- `port` – The port on the Redis server.
|
|||
|
- `storage_type` – The structure of internal Redis storage using for work with keys. `simple` 単純なソースとハッシュされた単一のキーソース用です, `hash_map` は用ハッシュソースで二つのキー。 距源およびキャッシュ源の複雑な鍵サポートされていません。 省略することができ、デフォルト値は `simple`.
|
|||
|
- `db_index` – The specific numeric index of Redis logical database. May be omitted, default value is 0.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[元の記事](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_sources/) <!--hide-->
|