ClickHouse/docs/ru/sql-reference/dictionaries/index.md

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# Словари {#slovari}

Словарь — это отображение (`ключ -> атрибуты`), которое удобно использовать для различного вида справочников.

ClickHouse поддерживает специальные функции для работы со словарями, которые можно использовать в запросах. Проще и эффективнее использовать словари с помощью функций, чем `JOIN` с таблицами-справочниками.

В словаре нельзя хранить значения [NULL](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#null-literal).

ClickHouse поддерживает:

-   [Встроенные словари](internal-dicts.md#internal_dicts) со специфическим [набором функций](../../sql-reference/dictionaries/external-dictionaries/index.md).
-   [Подключаемые (внешние) словари](external-dictionaries/external-dicts.md#dicts-external-dicts) с [набором функций](../../sql-reference/dictionaries/external-dictionaries/index.md).

[Оригинальная статья](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/) <!--hide-->
-												DOCSUP-2806: Add meta header in RU (#15801)

* DOCSUP-2806: Add meta intro.

* DOCSUP-2806: Update meta intro.

* DOCSUP-2806: Fix meta.

* DOCSUP-2806: Add quotes for meta headers.

* DOCSUP-2806: Remove quotes from meta headers.

* DOCSUP-2806: Add meta headers.

* DOCSUP-2806: Fix quotes in meta headers.

* DOCSUP-2806: Update meta headers.

* DOCSUP-2806: Fix link to nowhere in EN.

* DOCSUP-2806: Fix link (settings to tune)

* DOCSUP-2806: Fix links.

* DOCSUP-2806:Fix links EN

* DOCSUP-2806: Fix build errors.

* DOCSUP-2806: Fix meta intro.

* DOCSUP-2806: Fix toc_priority in examples datasets TOC.

* DOCSUP-2806: Fix items order in toc.

* DOCSUP-2806: Fix order in toc.

* DOCSUP-2806: Fix toc order.

* DOCSUP-2806: Fix order in toc.

* DOCSUP-2806: Fix toc index in create

* DOCSUP-2806: Fix toc order in create.

Co-authored-by: romanzhukov <romanzhukov@yandex-team.ru>
Co-authored-by: alexey-milovidov <milovidov@yandex-team.ru>
											
										
										
											2020-10-26 10:29:30 +00:00
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 								toc_title: "\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435"
 								---
-												WIP on docs translation/normalization tools (#9783)


											
										
										
											2020-03-20 18:20:59 +00:00
+								# Словари {#slovari}
-												Added documentation in RST format. (ReadTheDocs ready)

											
										
										
											2017-03-12 17:58:51 +00:00
-												Multiple formatting and links fixes.

											
										
										
											2018-04-28 07:58:16 +00:00
+								Словарь — это отображение (`ключ -> атрибуты`), которое удобно использовать для различного вида справочников.
-												Added documentation in RST format. (ReadTheDocs ready)

											
										
										
											2017-03-12 17:58:51 +00:00
-												Multiple formatting and links fixes.

											
										
										
											2018-04-28 07:58:16 +00:00
+								ClickHouse поддерживает специальные функции для работы со словарями, которые можно использовать в запросах. Проще и эффективнее использовать словари с помощью функций, чем `JOIN` с таблицами-справочниками.
-												DOCS-624: Fixing links to nowhere (#10675)

* enbaskakova-DOCSUP-652 (#101)

* "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited"

* "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited"

* "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited"

* Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md

Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru>

* Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md

Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru>

* Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md

Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru>

* Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md

Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru>

* Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md

Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru>

* "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited"

* "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited"

* "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited"

Co-authored-by: elenbaskakova <elenbaskakova@yandex-team.ru>
Co-authored-by: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru>

* Revert "enbaskakova-DOCSUP-652 (#101)" (#107)

This reverts commit 639fee7610f28e421d14e535b7def3f466e7efca.

* CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Fixed links. Was 60, became 13.

* CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Finished fix links in Enlish version.

* CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Fixed RU links

Co-authored-by: elenaspb2019 <47083263+elenaspb2019@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: elenbaskakova <elenbaskakova@yandex-team.ru>
Co-authored-by: Sergei Shtykov <bayonet@yandex-team.ru>
											
										
										
											2020-05-06 06:13:29 +00:00
+								В словаре нельзя хранить значения [NULL](../../sql-reference/syntax.md#null-literal).
-												Multiple formatting and links fixes.

											
										
										
											2018-04-28 07:58:16 +00:00
 								ClickHouse поддерживает:
-												[docs] replace underscores with hyphens (#10606)

* Replace underscores with hyphens

* remove temporary code

* fix style check

* fix collapse
											
										
										
											2020-04-30 18:19:18 +00:00
+								-   [Встроенные словари](internal-dicts.md#internal_dicts) со специфическим [набором функций](../../sql-reference/dictionaries/external-dictionaries/index.md).
-												DOCS-624: Fixing links to nowhere (#10675)

* enbaskakova-DOCSUP-652 (#101)

* "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited"

* "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited"

* "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited"

* Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md

Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru>

* Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md

Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru>

* Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md

Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru>

* Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md

Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru>

* Update docs/en/sql_reference/aggregate_functions/combinators.md

Co-Authored-By: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru>

* "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited"

* "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited"

* "docs(orNull&orDefault): Functions 'orNull&orDefault' have been edited"

Co-authored-by: elenbaskakova <elenbaskakova@yandex-team.ru>
Co-authored-by: BayoNet <da-daos@yandex.ru>

* Revert "enbaskakova-DOCSUP-652 (#101)" (#107)

This reverts commit 639fee7610f28e421d14e535b7def3f466e7efca.

* CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Fixed links. Was 60, became 13.

* CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Finished fix links in Enlish version.

* CLICKHOUSEDOCS-624: Fixed RU links

Co-authored-by: elenaspb2019 <47083263+elenaspb2019@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: elenbaskakova <elenbaskakova@yandex-team.ru>
Co-authored-by: Sergei Shtykov <bayonet@yandex-team.ru>
											
										
										
											2020-05-06 06:13:29 +00:00
+								-   [Подключаемые (внешние) словари](external-dictionaries/external-dicts.md#dicts-external-dicts) с [набором функций](../../sql-reference/dictionaries/external-dictionaries/index.md).
-												WIP on docs/website (#3383)

* CLICKHOUSE-4063: less manual html @ index.md

* CLICKHOUSE-4063: recommend markdown="1" in README.md

* CLICKHOUSE-4003: manually purge custom.css for now

* CLICKHOUSE-4064: expand <details> before any print (including to pdf)

* CLICKHOUSE-3927: rearrange interfaces/formats.md a bit

* CLICKHOUSE-3306: add few http headers

* Remove copy-paste introduced in #3392

* Hopefully better chinese fonts #3392

* get rid of tabs @ custom.css

* Apply comments and patch from #3384

* Add jdbc.md to ToC and some translation, though it still looks badly incomplete

* minor punctuation

* Add some backlinks to official website from mirrors that just blindly take markdown sources

* Do not make fonts extra light

* find . -name '*.md' -type f | xargs -I{} perl -pi -e 's//g' {}

* find . -name '*.md' -type f | xargs -I{} perl -pi -e 's/ sql/g' {}

* Remove outdated stuff from roadmap.md

* Not so light font on front page too

* Refactor Chinese formats.md to match recent changes in other languages

											
										
										
											2018-10-16 10:47:17 +00:00
-												Domain change in docs

											
										
										
											2020-01-30 10:34:55 +00:00
+								[Оригинальная статья](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/) <!--hide-->