2020-06-22 08:45:22 +00:00
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---
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2022-08-26 19:07:59 +00:00
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slug: /zh/sql-reference/statements/select/where
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2022-04-10 23:08:18 +00:00
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sidebar_label: WHERE
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2020-06-22 08:45:22 +00:00
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---
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2020-08-17 20:28:11 +00:00
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# WHERE {#select-where}
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2020-06-22 08:45:22 +00:00
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2021-11-28 09:36:18 +00:00
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`WHERE` 子句允许过滤来自`SELECT`的子句 [FROM](../../../sql-reference/statements/select/from.md) 的数据.
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2020-06-22 08:45:22 +00:00
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2021-11-28 09:36:18 +00:00
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如果有一个 `WHERE` 子句,它必须包含一个表达式与 `UInt8` 类型。 这通常是一个带有比较和逻辑运算符的表达式。 表达式计算结果为0的行将被排除在在进一步的转换或结果之外。
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2020-06-22 08:45:22 +00:00
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2021-11-28 09:36:18 +00:00
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如果基础表引擎支持,`WHERE`表达式会使用索引和分区进行剪枝。
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2020-06-22 08:45:22 +00:00
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2023-03-03 10:35:07 +00:00
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:::note
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有一个叫做过滤优化 [prewhere](../../../sql-reference/statements/select/prewhere.md) 的东西.
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:::
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2021-11-28 09:36:18 +00:00
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如果需要测试一个 [NULL](../../../sql-reference/syntax.md#null-literal) 值,请使用 [IS NULL](../../operators/index.md#operator-is-null) and [IS NOT NULL](../../operators/index.md#is-not-null) 运算符或 [isNull](../../../sql-reference/functions/functions-for-nulls.md#isnull) 和 [isNotNull](../../../sql-reference/functions/functions-for-nulls.md#isnotnull) 函数。否则带有 NULL 的表达式永远不会通过。
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**示例**
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在 [numbers table](../../../sql-reference/table-functions/numbers.md) 表上执行下述语句以找到为3的倍数且大于10的数字:
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To find numbers that are multiples of 3 and are greater than 10 execute the following query on the :
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``` sql
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SELECT number FROM numbers(20) WHERE (number > 10) AND (number % 3 == 0);
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```
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结果:
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``` text
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┌─number─┐
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│ 12 │
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│ 15 │
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│ 18 │
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└────────┘
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```
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带有 `NULL` 值的查询:
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``` sql
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CREATE TABLE t_null(x Int8, y Nullable(Int8)) ENGINE=MergeTree() ORDER BY x;
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INSERT INTO t_null VALUES (1, NULL), (2, 3);
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SELECT * FROM t_null WHERE y IS NULL;
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SELECT * FROM t_null WHERE y != 0;
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```
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结果:
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``` text
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┌─x─┬────y─┐
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│ 1 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
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└───┴──────┘
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┌─x─┬─y─┐
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│ 2 │ 3 │
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└───┴───┘
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```
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