ClickHouse/src/Interpreters/Cache/FileSegment.cpp

#include "FileSegment.h"

#include <base/getThreadId.h>
#include <base/scope_guard.h>
#include <Common/logger_useful.h>
#include <Interpreters/Cache/FileCache.h>
#include <Common/hex.h>
#include <IO/WriteBufferFromString.h>
#include <IO/Operators.h>
#include <filesystem>

namespace CurrentMetrics
{
extern const Metric CacheDetachedFileSegments;
}

namespace DB
{

namespace ErrorCodes
{
    extern const int REMOTE_FS_OBJECT_CACHE_ERROR;
    extern const int LOGICAL_ERROR;
}

FileSegment::FileSegment(
        size_t offset_,
        size_t size_,
        const Key & key_,
        FileCache * cache_,
        State download_state_,
        bool is_persistent_)
    : segment_range(offset_, offset_ + size_ - 1)
    , download_state(download_state_)
    , file_key(key_)
    , cache(cache_)
#ifndef NDEBUG
    , log(&Poco::Logger::get(fmt::format("FileSegment({}) : {}", getHexUIntLowercase(key_), range().toString())))
#else
    , log(&Poco::Logger::get("FileSegment"))
#endif
    , is_persistent(is_persistent_)
{
    /// On creation, file segment state can be EMPTY, DOWNLOADED, DOWNLOADING.
    switch (download_state)
    {
        /// EMPTY is used when file segment is not in cache and
        /// someone will _potentially_ want to download it (after calling getOrSetDownloader()).
        case (State::EMPTY):
        {
            break;
        }
        /// DOWNLOADED is used either on initial cache metadata load into memory on server startup
        /// or on reduceSizeToDownloaded() -- when file segment object is updated.
        case (State::DOWNLOADED):
        {
            reserved_size = downloaded_size = size_;
            is_downloaded = true;
            break;
        }
        case (State::SKIP_CACHE):
        {
            break;
        }
        default:
        {
            throw Exception(ErrorCodes::REMOTE_FS_OBJECT_CACHE_ERROR, "Can create cell with either EMPTY, DOWNLOADED, DOWNLOADING state");
        }
    }
}

FileSegment::State FileSegment::state() const
{
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);
    return download_state;
}

size_t FileSegment::getDownloadOffset() const
{
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);
    return range().left + getDownloadedSizeUnlocked(segment_lock);
}

size_t FileSegment::getDownloadedSize() const
{
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);
    return getDownloadedSizeUnlocked(segment_lock);
}

size_t FileSegment::getRemainingSizeToDownload() const
{
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);
    return range().size() - getDownloadedSizeUnlocked(segment_lock);
}

bool FileSegment::isDetached() const
{
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);
    return is_detached;
}

size_t FileSegment::getDownloadedSizeUnlocked(std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & /* segment_lock */) const
{
    if (download_state == State::DOWNLOADED)
        return downloaded_size;

    std::lock_guard download_lock(download_mutex);
    return downloaded_size;
}

String FileSegment::getCallerId()
{
    if (!CurrentThread::isInitialized()
        || !CurrentThread::get().getQueryContext()
        || CurrentThread::getQueryId().empty())
        return "None:" + toString(getThreadId());

    return std::string(CurrentThread::getQueryId()) + ":" + toString(getThreadId());
}

String FileSegment::getOrSetDownloader()
{
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);

    assertNotDetached(segment_lock);

    if (downloader_id.empty())
    {
        assert(download_state != State::DOWNLOADING);

        if (download_state != State::EMPTY
            && download_state != State::PARTIALLY_DOWNLOADED)
            return "None";

        downloader_id = getCallerId();
        download_state = State::DOWNLOADING;
    }
    else if (downloader_id == getCallerId())
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::REMOTE_FS_OBJECT_CACHE_ERROR,
                        "Attempt to set the same downloader for segment {} for the second time", range().toString());

    return downloader_id;
}

void FileSegment::resetDownloader()
{
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);

    assertNotDetached(segment_lock);

    if (downloader_id.empty())
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::REMOTE_FS_OBJECT_CACHE_ERROR, "There is no downloader");

    if (getCallerId() != downloader_id)
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::REMOTE_FS_OBJECT_CACHE_ERROR, "Downloader can be reset only by downloader");

    resetDownloaderImpl(segment_lock);
}

void FileSegment::resetDownloaderImpl(std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & segment_lock)
{
    if (getDownloadedSizeUnlocked(segment_lock) == range().size())
        setDownloaded(segment_lock);
    else
        download_state = State::PARTIALLY_DOWNLOADED;

    downloader_id.clear();
}

String FileSegment::getDownloader() const
{
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);
    return downloader_id;
}

bool FileSegment::isDownloader() const
{
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);
    return getCallerId() == downloader_id;
}

bool FileSegment::isDownloaderImpl(std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & /* segment_lock */) const
{
    return getCallerId() == downloader_id;
}

FileSegment::RemoteFileReaderPtr FileSegment::getRemoteFileReader()
{
    if (!isDownloader())
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::REMOTE_FS_OBJECT_CACHE_ERROR, "Only downloader can use remote filesystem file reader");

    return remote_file_reader;
}

FileSegment::RemoteFileReaderPtr FileSegment::extractRemoteFileReader()
{
    std::lock_guard cache_lock(cache->mutex);
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);

    if (!is_detached)
    {
        bool is_last_holder = cache->isLastFileSegmentHolder(key(), offset(), cache_lock, segment_lock);
        if (!downloader_id.empty() || !is_last_holder)
            return nullptr;
    }

    LOG_TRACE(log, "Extracted reader from file segment");
    return std::move(remote_file_reader);
}

void FileSegment::setRemoteFileReader(RemoteFileReaderPtr remote_file_reader_)
{
    if (!isDownloader())
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::REMOTE_FS_OBJECT_CACHE_ERROR, "Only downloader can use remote filesystem file reader");

    if (remote_file_reader)
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR, "Remote file reader already exists");

    remote_file_reader = remote_file_reader_;
}

void FileSegment::resetRemoteFileReader()
{
    if (!isDownloader())
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::REMOTE_FS_OBJECT_CACHE_ERROR, "Only downloader can use remote filesystem file reader");

    if (!remote_file_reader)
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR, "Remote file reader does not exist");

    remote_file_reader.reset();
}

void FileSegment::write(const char * from, size_t size, size_t offset_)
{
    if (!size)
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::REMOTE_FS_OBJECT_CACHE_ERROR, "Writing zero size is not allowed");

    if (availableSize() < size)
        throw Exception(
            ErrorCodes::REMOTE_FS_OBJECT_CACHE_ERROR,
            "Not enough space is reserved. Available: {}, expected: {}", availableSize(), size);

    if (!isDownloader())
        throw Exception(
            ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR,
            "Only downloader can do the downloading. (CallerId: {}, DownloaderId: {})",
            getCallerId(), downloader_id);

    if (getDownloadedSize() == range().size())
        throw Exception(
            ErrorCodes::REMOTE_FS_OBJECT_CACHE_ERROR,
            "Attempt to write {} bytes to offset: {}, but current file segment is already fully downloaded",
            size, offset_);

    auto download_offset = range().left + downloaded_size;
    if (offset_ != download_offset)
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::REMOTE_FS_OBJECT_CACHE_ERROR,
                        "Attempt to write {} bytes to offset: {}, but current download offset is {}",
                        size, offset_, download_offset);

    {
        std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);
        assertNotDetached(segment_lock);
    }

    if (!cache_writer)
    {
        if (downloaded_size > 0)
            throw Exception(ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR,
                            "Cache writer was finalized (downloaded size: {}, state: {})",
                            downloaded_size, stateToString(download_state));

        auto download_path = getPathInLocalCache();
        cache_writer = std::make_unique<WriteBufferFromFile>(download_path);
    }

    try
    {
        cache_writer->write(from, size);

        std::lock_guard download_lock(download_mutex);

        cache_writer->next();

        downloaded_size += size;
    }
    catch (Exception & e)
    {
        std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);

        wrapWithCacheInfo(e, "while writing into cache", segment_lock);

        setDownloadFailed(segment_lock);

        cv.notify_all();

        throw;
    }

    assert(getDownloadOffset() == offset_ + size);
}

String FileSegment::getPathInLocalCache() const
{
    return cache->getPathInLocalCache(key(), offset(), isPersistent());
}

FileSegment::State FileSegment::wait()
{
    std::unique_lock segment_lock(mutex);

    if (is_detached)
        throw Exception(
            ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR,
            "Cache file segment is in detached state, operation not allowed");

    if (downloader_id.empty())
        return download_state;

    if (download_state == State::EMPTY)
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::REMOTE_FS_OBJECT_CACHE_ERROR, "Cannot wait on a file segment with empty state");

    if (download_state == State::DOWNLOADING)
    {
        LOG_TEST(log, "{} waiting on: {}, current downloader: {}", getCallerId(), range().toString(), downloader_id);

        assert(!downloader_id.empty());
        assert(downloader_id != getCallerId());

        cv.wait_for(segment_lock, std::chrono::seconds(60));
    }

    return download_state;
}

bool FileSegment::reserve(size_t size_to_reserve)
{
    if (!size_to_reserve)
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::REMOTE_FS_OBJECT_CACHE_ERROR, "Zero space reservation is not allowed");

    {
        std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);
        assertNotDetached(segment_lock);

        auto caller_id = getCallerId();
        bool is_downloader = caller_id == downloader_id;
        if (!is_downloader)
        {
            throw Exception(
                ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR,
                "Space can be reserved only by downloader (current: {}, expected: {})",
                caller_id, downloader_id);
        }

        size_t current_downloaded_size = getDownloadedSizeUnlocked(segment_lock);
        if (current_downloaded_size + size_to_reserve > range().size())
        {
            throw Exception(
                ErrorCodes::REMOTE_FS_OBJECT_CACHE_ERROR,
                "Attempt to reserve space too much space: {} ({})",
                size_to_reserve, getInfoForLogImpl(segment_lock));
        }

        assert(reserved_size >= current_downloaded_size);
    }

    /**
     * It is possible to have downloaded_size < reserved_size when reserve is called
     * in case previous downloader did not fully download current file_segment
     * and the caller is going to continue;
     */

    size_t current_downloaded_size = getDownloadedSize();
    assert(reserved_size >= current_downloaded_size);
    size_t already_reserved_size = reserved_size - current_downloaded_size;

    bool reserved = already_reserved_size >= size_to_reserve;
    if (!reserved)
    {
        std::lock_guard cache_lock(cache->mutex);

        size_to_reserve = size_to_reserve - already_reserved_size;
        reserved = cache->tryReserve(key(), offset(), size_to_reserve, cache_lock);

        if (reserved)
        {
            std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);
            reserved_size += size_to_reserve;
        }
    }

    return reserved;
}

bool FileSegment::isDownloaded() const
{
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);
    return isDownloadedUnlocked(segment_lock);
}

bool FileSegment::isDownloadedUnlocked(std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & /* segment_lock */) const
{
    return is_downloaded;
}

void FileSegment::setDownloaded([[maybe_unused]] std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & segment_lock)
{
    if (is_downloaded)
        return;

    downloader_id.clear();

    if (cache_writer)
    {
        cache_writer->finalize();
        cache_writer.reset();
        remote_file_reader.reset();
    }

    download_state = State::DOWNLOADED;
    is_downloaded = true;

    assert(getDownloadedSizeUnlocked(segment_lock) > 0);
    assert(std::filesystem::file_size(getPathInLocalCache()) > 0);
}

void FileSegment::setDownloadFailed(std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & /* segment_lock */)
{
    download_state = State::PARTIALLY_DOWNLOADED_NO_CONTINUATION;
    downloader_id.clear();

    if (cache_writer)
    {
        cache_writer->finalize();
        cache_writer.reset();
        remote_file_reader.reset();
    }
}

void FileSegment::completeBatchAndResetDownloader()
{
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);

    assertNotDetached(segment_lock);

    if (!isDownloaderImpl(segment_lock))
    {
        cv.notify_all();
        throw Exception(
            ErrorCodes::REMOTE_FS_OBJECT_CACHE_ERROR,
            "File segment can be completed only by downloader ({} != {})",
            downloader_id, getCallerId());
    }

    resetDownloaderImpl(segment_lock);

    LOG_TEST(log, "Complete batch. Current downloaded size: {}", getDownloadedSizeUnlocked(segment_lock));

    cv.notify_all();
}

void FileSegment::completeWithState(State state)
{
    std::lock_guard cache_lock(cache->mutex);
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);

    assertNotDetached(segment_lock);

    auto caller_id = getCallerId();
    if (caller_id != downloader_id)
    {
        throw Exception(
            ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR,
            "File segment completion can be done only by downloader. (CallerId: {}, downloader id: {}",
            caller_id, downloader_id);
    }

    if (state != State::DOWNLOADED
        && state != State::PARTIALLY_DOWNLOADED
        && state != State::PARTIALLY_DOWNLOADED_NO_CONTINUATION)
    {
        cv.notify_all();
        throw Exception(
            ErrorCodes::REMOTE_FS_OBJECT_CACHE_ERROR,
            "Cannot complete file segment with state: {}", stateToString(state));
    }

    download_state = state;
    completeBasedOnCurrentState(cache_lock, segment_lock);
}

void FileSegment::completeWithoutState(std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & cache_lock)
{
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);
    completeBasedOnCurrentState(cache_lock, segment_lock);
}

void FileSegment::completeBasedOnCurrentState(std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & cache_lock, std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & segment_lock)
{
    if (is_detached)
        return;

    bool is_downloader = isDownloaderImpl(segment_lock);
    bool is_last_holder = cache->isLastFileSegmentHolder(key(), offset(), cache_lock, segment_lock);
    bool can_update_segment_state = is_downloader || is_last_holder;
    size_t current_downloaded_size = getDownloadedSizeUnlocked(segment_lock);

    SCOPE_EXIT({
        if (is_downloader)
        {
            cv.notify_all();
        }
    });

    LOG_TEST(log, "Complete without state (is_last_holder: {}). File segment info: {}", is_last_holder, getInfoForLogImpl(segment_lock));

    if (can_update_segment_state)
    {
        if (current_downloaded_size == range().size())
            setDownloaded(segment_lock);
        else
            download_state = State::PARTIALLY_DOWNLOADED;

        resetDownloaderImpl(segment_lock);
    }

    switch (download_state)
    {
        case State::SKIP_CACHE:
        {
            if (is_last_holder)
                cache->remove(key(), offset(), cache_lock, segment_lock);

            return;
        }
        case State::DOWNLOADED:
        {
            assert(getDownloadedSizeUnlocked(segment_lock) == range().size());
            assert(isDownloadedUnlocked(segment_lock));
            break;
        }
        case State::DOWNLOADING:
        case State::EMPTY:
        {
            assert(!is_last_holder);
            break;
        }
        case State::PARTIALLY_DOWNLOADED:
        case State::PARTIALLY_DOWNLOADED_NO_CONTINUATION:
        {
            if (is_last_holder)
            {
                if (current_downloaded_size == 0)
                {
                    LOG_TEST(log, "Remove cell {} (nothing downloaded)", range().toString());

                    download_state = State::SKIP_CACHE;
                    cache->remove(key(), offset(), cache_lock, segment_lock);
                }
                else
                {
                    LOG_TEST(log, "Resize cell {} to downloaded: {}", range().toString(), current_downloaded_size);

                    /**
                    * Only last holder of current file segment can resize the cell,
                    * because there is an invariant that file segments returned to users
                    * in FileSegmentsHolder represent a contiguous range, so we can resize
                    * it only when nobody needs it.
                    */
                    download_state = State::PARTIALLY_DOWNLOADED_NO_CONTINUATION;

                    /// Resize this file segment by creating a copy file segment with DOWNLOADED state,
                    /// but current file segment should remain PARRTIALLY_DOWNLOADED_NO_CONTINUATION and with detached state,
                    /// because otherwise an invariant that getOrSet() returns a contiguous range of file segments will be broken
                    /// (this will be crucial for other file segment holder, not for current one).
                    cache->reduceSizeToDownloaded(key(), offset(), cache_lock, segment_lock);
                }

                markAsDetached(segment_lock);
            }
            break;
        }
    }

    LOG_TEST(log, "Completed file segment: {}", getInfoForLogImpl(segment_lock));
    assertCorrectnessImpl(segment_lock);
}

String FileSegment::getInfoForLog() const
{
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);
    return getInfoForLogImpl(segment_lock);
}

String FileSegment::getInfoForLogImpl(std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & segment_lock) const
{
    WriteBufferFromOwnString info;
    info << "File segment: " << range().toString() << ", ";
    info << "key: " << key().toString() << ", ";
    info << "state: " << download_state << ", ";
    info << "downloaded size: " << getDownloadedSizeUnlocked(segment_lock) << ", ";
    info << "reserved size: " << reserved_size << ", ";
    info << "downloader id: " << (downloader_id.empty() ? "None" : downloader_id) << ", ";
    info << "caller id: " << getCallerId() << ", ";
    info << "persistent: " << is_persistent;

    return info.str();
}

void FileSegment::wrapWithCacheInfo(Exception & e, const String & message, std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & segment_lock) const
{
    e.addMessage(fmt::format("{}, current cache state: {}", message, getInfoForLogImpl(segment_lock)));
}

String FileSegment::stateToString(FileSegment::State state)
{
    switch (state)
    {
        case FileSegment::State::DOWNLOADED:
            return "DOWNLOADED";
        case FileSegment::State::EMPTY:
            return "EMPTY";
        case FileSegment::State::DOWNLOADING:
            return "DOWNLOADING";
        case FileSegment::State::PARTIALLY_DOWNLOADED:
            return "PARTIALLY DOWNLOADED";
        case FileSegment::State::PARTIALLY_DOWNLOADED_NO_CONTINUATION:
            return "PARTIALLY DOWNLOADED NO CONTINUATION";
        case FileSegment::State::SKIP_CACHE:
            return "SKIP_CACHE";
    }
    __builtin_unreachable();
}

void FileSegment::assertCorrectness() const
{
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);
    assertCorrectnessImpl(segment_lock);
}

void FileSegment::assertCorrectnessImpl(std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & /* segment_lock */) const
{
    assert(downloader_id.empty() == (download_state != FileSegment::State::DOWNLOADING));
    assert(!downloader_id.empty() == (download_state == FileSegment::State::DOWNLOADING));
    assert(download_state != FileSegment::State::DOWNLOADED || std::filesystem::file_size(getPathInLocalCache()) > 0);
}

void FileSegment::throwIfDetached() const
{
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);
    throwIfDetachedUnlocked(segment_lock);
}

void FileSegment::throwIfDetachedUnlocked(std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & segment_lock) const
{
    throw Exception(
        ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR,
        "Cache file segment is in detached state, operation not allowed. "
        "It can happen when cache was concurrently dropped with SYSTEM DROP FILESYSTEM CACHE FORCE. "
        "Please, retry. File segment info: {}", getInfoForLogImpl(segment_lock));
}


void FileSegment::assertNotDetached(std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & segment_lock) const
{
    if (is_detached)
        throwIfDetachedUnlocked(segment_lock);
}

void FileSegment::assertDetachedStatus(std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & segment_lock) const
{
    /// Detached file segment is allowed to have only a certain subset of states.
    /// It should be either EMPTY or one of the finalized states.

    if (download_state != State::EMPTY && !hasFinalizedState())
    {
        throw Exception(
            ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR,
            "Detached file segment has incorrect state: {}",
            getInfoForLogImpl(segment_lock));
    }
}

FileSegmentPtr FileSegment::getSnapshot(const FileSegmentPtr & file_segment, std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & /* cache_lock */)
{
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(file_segment->mutex);

    auto snapshot = std::make_shared<FileSegment>(
        file_segment->offset(),
        file_segment->range().size(),
        file_segment->key(),
        nullptr,
        State::EMPTY);

    snapshot->hits_count = file_segment->getHitsCount();
    snapshot->ref_count = file_segment.use_count();
    snapshot->downloaded_size = file_segment->getDownloadedSizeUnlocked(segment_lock);
    snapshot->download_state = file_segment->download_state;
    snapshot->is_persistent = file_segment->isPersistent();

    return snapshot;
}

bool FileSegment::hasFinalizedState() const
{
    return download_state == State::DOWNLOADED
        || download_state == State::PARTIALLY_DOWNLOADED_NO_CONTINUATION
        || download_state == State::SKIP_CACHE;
}

void FileSegment::detach(
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & /* cache_lock */,
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & segment_lock)
{
    /// Now detached status can be in 2 cases, which do not do any complex logic:
    /// 1. there is only 1 remaining file segment holder
    ///    && it does not need this segment anymore
    ///    && this file segment was in cache and needs to be removed
    /// 2. in read_from_cache_if_exists_otherwise_bypass_cache case
    if (is_detached)
        return;

    markAsDetached(segment_lock);
    download_state = State::PARTIALLY_DOWNLOADED_NO_CONTINUATION;
    downloader_id.clear();

    LOG_DEBUG(log, "Detached file segment: {}", getInfoForLogImpl(segment_lock));
}

void FileSegment::markAsDetached(std::lock_guard<std::mutex> & /* segment_lock */)
{
    is_detached = true;
    CurrentMetrics::add(CurrentMetrics::CacheDetachedFileSegments);
}

FileSegment::~FileSegment()
{
    std::lock_guard segment_lock(mutex);
    if (is_detached)
        CurrentMetrics::sub(CurrentMetrics::CacheDetachedFileSegments);
}

FileSegmentsHolder::~FileSegmentsHolder()
{
    /// In CacheableReadBufferFromRemoteFS file segment's downloader removes file segments from
    /// FileSegmentsHolder right after calling file_segment->complete(), so on destruction here
    /// remain only uncompleted file segments.

    FileCache * cache = nullptr;

    for (auto file_segment_it = file_segments.begin(); file_segment_it != file_segments.end();)
    {
        auto current_file_segment_it = file_segment_it;
        auto & file_segment = *current_file_segment_it;

        if (!cache)
            cache = file_segment->cache;

        try
        {
            bool is_detached = false;

            {
                std::lock_guard segment_lock(file_segment->mutex);
                is_detached = file_segment->isDetached(segment_lock);
                if (is_detached)
                    file_segment->assertDetachedStatus(segment_lock);
            }

            if (is_detached)
            {
                /// This file segment is not owned by cache, so it will be destructed
                /// at this point, therefore no completion required.
                file_segment_it = file_segments.erase(current_file_segment_it);
                continue;
            }

            /// File segment pointer must be reset right after calling complete() and
            /// under the same mutex, because complete() checks for segment pointers.
            std::lock_guard cache_lock(cache->mutex);

            file_segment->completeWithoutState(cache_lock);

            file_segment_it = file_segments.erase(current_file_segment_it);
        }
        catch (...)
        {
            tryLogCurrentException(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
        }
    }
}

String FileSegmentsHolder::toString()
{
    String ranges;
    for (const auto & file_segment : file_segments)
    {
        if (!ranges.empty())
            ranges += ", ";
        ranges += file_segment->range().toString();
    }
    return ranges;
}

FileSegmentRangeWriter::FileSegmentRangeWriter(
    FileCache * cache_,
    const FileSegment::Key & key_,
    OnCompleteFileSegmentCallback && on_complete_file_segment_func_)
    : cache(cache_)
    , key(key_)
    , current_file_segment_it(file_segments_holder.file_segments.end())
    , on_complete_file_segment_func(on_complete_file_segment_func_)
{
}

FileSegments::iterator FileSegmentRangeWriter::allocateFileSegment(size_t offset, bool is_persistent)
{
    /**
     * Allocate a new file segment starting `offset`.
     * File segment capacity will equal `max_file_segment_size`, but actual size is 0.
     */

    std::lock_guard cache_lock(cache->mutex);

    /// We set max_file_segment_size to be downloaded,
    /// if we have less size to write, file segment will be resized in complete() method.
    auto file_segment = cache->createFileSegmentForDownload(
        key, offset, cache->max_file_segment_size, is_persistent, cache_lock);
    return file_segments_holder.add(std::move(file_segment));
}

void FileSegmentRangeWriter::completeFileSegment(FileSegment & file_segment)
{
    /**
     * Complete file segment based on downaloaded size.
     */

    /// File segment can be detached if space reservation failed.
    if (file_segment.isDetached())
        return;

    size_t current_downloaded_size = file_segment.getDownloadedSize();

    /// file_segment->complete(DOWNLOADED) is not enough, because file segment capacity
    /// was initially set with a margin as `max_file_segment_size`. => We need to always
    /// resize to actual size after download finished.
    if (current_downloaded_size != file_segment.range().size())
    {
        /// Current file segment is downloaded as a part of write-through cache
        /// and therefore cannot be concurrently accessed. Nevertheless, it can be
        /// accessed by cache system tables if someone read from them,
        /// therefore we need a mutex.
        std::lock_guard segment_lock(file_segment.mutex);

        assert(current_downloaded_size <= file_segment.range().size());
        file_segment.segment_range = FileSegment::Range(
            file_segment.segment_range.left,
            file_segment.segment_range.left + current_downloaded_size - 1);
        file_segment.reserved_size = current_downloaded_size;
    }

    {
        std::lock_guard cache_lock(cache->mutex);
        file_segment.completeWithoutState(cache_lock);
    }

    on_complete_file_segment_func(file_segment);
}

bool FileSegmentRangeWriter::write(const char * data, size_t size, size_t offset, bool is_persistent)
{
    /**
     * Write a range of file segments. Allocate file segment of `max_file_segment_size` and write to
     * it until it is full and then allocate next file segment.
     */

    if (finalized)
        return false;

    auto & file_segments = file_segments_holder.file_segments;

    if (current_file_segment_it == file_segments.end())
    {
        current_file_segment_it = allocateFileSegment(current_file_segment_write_offset, is_persistent);
    }
    else
    {
        if (current_file_segment_write_offset != offset)
        {
            throw Exception(
                ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR,
                "Cannot write file segment at offset {}, because current write offset is: {}",
                offset, current_file_segment_write_offset);
        }

        auto current_file_segment = *current_file_segment_it;
        if (current_file_segment->getRemainingSizeToDownload() == 0)
        {
            completeFileSegment(*current_file_segment);
            current_file_segment_it = allocateFileSegment(current_file_segment_write_offset, is_persistent);
        }
        else if (current_file_segment->getDownloadOffset() != offset)
        {
            throw Exception(
                ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR,
                "Cannot file segment download offset {} does not match current write offset {}",
                current_file_segment->getDownloadOffset(), offset);
        }
    }

    auto & file_segment = *current_file_segment_it;

    auto downloader = file_segment->getOrSetDownloader();
    if (downloader != FileSegment::getCallerId())
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR, "Failed to set a downloader. ({})", file_segment->getInfoForLog());

    SCOPE_EXIT({
        file_segment->resetDownloader();
    });

    bool reserved = file_segment->reserve(size);
    if (!reserved)
    {
        file_segment->completeWithState(FileSegment::State::PARTIALLY_DOWNLOADED_NO_CONTINUATION);
        on_complete_file_segment_func(*file_segment);

        LOG_DEBUG(
            &Poco::Logger::get("FileSegmentRangeWriter"),
            "Unsuccessful space reservation attempt (size: {}, file segment info: {}",
            size, file_segment->getInfoForLog());

        return false;
    }

    (*current_file_segment_it)->write(data, size, offset);
    current_file_segment_write_offset += size;

    return true;
}

void FileSegmentRangeWriter::finalize()
{
    if (finalized)
        return;

    auto & file_segments = file_segments_holder.file_segments;
    if (file_segments.empty() || current_file_segment_it == file_segments.end())
        return;

    completeFileSegment(**current_file_segment_it);
    finalized = true;
}

FileSegmentRangeWriter::~FileSegmentRangeWriter()
{
    try
    {
        if (!finalized)
            finalize();
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        tryLogCurrentException(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
    }
}

}