ClickHouse/dbms/src/Interpreters/ExpressionActions.h

#pragma once

#include <Interpreters/Context.h>
#include <Common/config.h>
#include <Common/SipHash.h>
#include <Interpreters/Settings.h>
#include <Core/Names.h>
#include <Core/ColumnWithTypeAndName.h>
#include <Core/Block.h>

#include <unordered_set>
#include <unordered_map>


namespace DB
{

namespace ErrorCodes
{
    extern const int LOGICAL_ERROR;
}

using NameWithAlias = std::pair<std::string, std::string>;
using NamesWithAliases = std::vector<NameWithAlias>;

class Join;

class IPreparedFunction;
using PreparedFunctionPtr = std::shared_ptr<IPreparedFunction>;

class IFunctionBase;
using FunctionBasePtr = std::shared_ptr<IFunctionBase>;

class IFunctionBuilder;
using FunctionBuilderPtr = std::shared_ptr<IFunctionBuilder>;

class IDataType;
using DataTypePtr = std::shared_ptr<const IDataType>;

class IBlockInputStream;
using BlockInputStreamPtr = std::shared_ptr<IBlockInputStream>;

class ExpressionActions;

/** Action on the block.
  */
struct ExpressionAction
{
private:
    using ExpressionActionsPtr = std::shared_ptr<ExpressionActions>;
public:
    enum Type
    {
        ADD_COLUMN,
        REMOVE_COLUMN,
        COPY_COLUMN,

        APPLY_FUNCTION,

        /** Replaces the specified columns with arrays into columns with elements.
            * Duplicates the values in the remaining columns by the number of elements in the arrays.
            * Arrays must be parallel (have the same lengths).
            */
        ARRAY_JOIN,

        JOIN,

        /// Reorder and rename the columns, delete the extra ones. The same column names are allowed in the result.
        PROJECT,
        /// Add columns with alias names. This columns are the same as non-aliased. PROJECT columns if you need to modify them.
        ADD_ALIASES,
    };

    Type type;

    /// For ADD/REMOVE/COPY_COLUMN.
    std::string source_name;
    std::string result_name;
    DataTypePtr result_type;

    /// If COPY_COLUMN can replace the result column.
    bool can_replace = false;

    /// For conditional projections (projections on subset of rows)
    std::string row_projection_column;
    bool is_row_projection_complementary = false;

    /// For ADD_COLUMN.
    ColumnPtr added_column;

    /// For APPLY_FUNCTION and LEFT ARRAY JOIN.
    /// FunctionBuilder is used before action was added to ExpressionActions (when we don't know types of arguments).
    FunctionBuilderPtr function_builder;
    /// Can be used after action was added to ExpressionActions if we want to get function signature or properties like monotonicity.
    FunctionBasePtr function_base;
    /// Prepared function which is used in function execution.
    PreparedFunctionPtr function;
    Names argument_names;
    bool is_function_compiled = false;

    /// For ARRAY_JOIN
    NameSet array_joined_columns;
    bool array_join_is_left = false;

    /// For JOIN
    std::shared_ptr<const Join> join;
    Names join_key_names_left;
    NamesAndTypesList columns_added_by_join;

    /// For PROJECT.
    NamesWithAliases projection;

    /// If result_name_ == "", as name "function_name(arguments separated by commas) is used".
    static ExpressionAction applyFunction(
        const FunctionBuilderPtr & function_, const std::vector<std::string> & argument_names_, std::string result_name_ = "",
        const std::string & row_projection_column = "");

    static ExpressionAction addColumn(const ColumnWithTypeAndName & added_column_,
                                      const std::string & row_projection_column,
                                      bool is_row_projection_complementary);
    static ExpressionAction removeColumn(const std::string & removed_name);
    static ExpressionAction copyColumn(const std::string & from_name, const std::string & to_name, bool can_replace = false);
    static ExpressionAction project(const NamesWithAliases & projected_columns_);
    static ExpressionAction project(const Names & projected_columns_);
    static ExpressionAction addAliases(const NamesWithAliases & aliased_columns_);
    static ExpressionAction arrayJoin(const NameSet & array_joined_columns, bool array_join_is_left, const Context & context);
    static ExpressionAction ordinaryJoin(std::shared_ptr<const Join> join_, const Names & join_key_names_left,
                                         const NamesAndTypesList & columns_added_by_join_);

    /// Which columns necessary to perform this action.
    Names getNeededColumns() const;

    std::string toString() const;

    bool operator==(const ExpressionAction & other) const;

    struct ActionHash
    {
        UInt128 operator()(const ExpressionAction & action) const;
    };

private:
    friend class ExpressionActions;

    void prepare(Block & sample_block, const Settings & settings);
    size_t getInputRowsCount(Block & block, std::unordered_map<std::string, size_t> & input_rows_counts) const;
    void execute(Block & block, std::unordered_map<std::string, size_t> & input_rows_counts) const;
    void executeOnTotals(Block & block) const;
};


/** Contains a sequence of actions on the block.
  */
class ExpressionActions
{
public:
    using Actions = std::vector<ExpressionAction>;

    ExpressionActions(const NamesAndTypesList & input_columns_, const Context & context_)
        : input_columns(input_columns_), settings(context_.getSettingsRef())
    {
        for (const auto & input_elem : input_columns)
            sample_block.insert(ColumnWithTypeAndName(nullptr, input_elem.type, input_elem.name));

#if USE_EMBEDDED_COMPILER
    compilation_cache = context_.getCompiledExpressionCache();
#endif
    }

    /// For constant columns the columns themselves can be contained in `input_columns_`.
    ExpressionActions(const ColumnsWithTypeAndName & input_columns_, const Context & context_)
        : settings(context_.getSettingsRef())
    {
        for (const auto & input_elem : input_columns_)
        {
            input_columns.emplace_back(input_elem.name, input_elem.type);
            sample_block.insert(input_elem);
        }
#if USE_EMBEDDED_COMPILER
        compilation_cache = context_.getCompiledExpressionCache();
#endif
    }

    /// Add the input column.
    /// The name of the column must not match the names of the intermediate columns that occur when evaluating the expression.
    /// The expression must not have any PROJECT actions.
    void addInput(const ColumnWithTypeAndName & column);
    void addInput(const NameAndTypePair & column);

    void add(const ExpressionAction & action);

    /// Adds new column names to out_new_columns (formed as a result of the added action).
    void add(const ExpressionAction & action, Names & out_new_columns);

    /// Adds to the beginning the removal of all extra columns.
    void prependProjectInput();

    /// Add the specified ARRAY JOIN action to the beginning. Change the appropriate input types to arrays.
    /// If there are unknown columns in the ARRAY JOIN list, take their types from sample_block, and immediately after ARRAY JOIN remove them.
    void prependArrayJoin(const ExpressionAction & action, const Block & sample_block_before);

    /// If the last action is ARRAY JOIN, and it does not affect the columns from required_columns, discard and return it.
    /// Change the corresponding output types to arrays.
    bool popUnusedArrayJoin(const Names & required_columns, ExpressionAction & out_action);

    /// - Adds actions to delete all but the specified columns.
    /// - Removes unused input columns.
    /// - Can somehow optimize the expression.
    /// - Does not reorder the columns.
    /// - Does not remove "unexpected" columns (for example, added by functions).
    /// - If output_columns is empty, leaves one arbitrary column (so that the number of rows in the block is not lost).
    void finalize(const Names & output_columns);

    const Actions & getActions() const { return actions; }

    /// Get a list of input columns.
    Names getRequiredColumns() const
    {
        Names names;
        for (NamesAndTypesList::const_iterator it = input_columns.begin(); it != input_columns.end(); ++it)
            names.push_back(it->name);
        return names;
    }

    const NamesAndTypesList & getRequiredColumnsWithTypes() const { return input_columns; }

    /// Execute the expression on the block. The block must contain all the columns returned by getRequiredColumns.
    void execute(Block & block) const;

    /** Execute the expression on the block of total values.
      * Almost the same as `execute`. The difference is only when JOIN is executed.
      */
    void executeOnTotals(Block & block) const;

    /// Obtain a sample block that contains the names and types of result columns.
    const Block & getSampleBlock() const { return sample_block; }

    std::string dumpActions() const;

    static std::string getSmallestColumn(const NamesAndTypesList & columns);

    BlockInputStreamPtr createStreamWithNonJoinedDataIfFullOrRightJoin(const Block & source_header, size_t max_block_size) const;

    const Settings & getSettings() const { return settings; }


    struct ActionsHash
    {
        UInt128 operator()(const ExpressionActions::Actions & actions) const
        {
            SipHash hash;
            for (const ExpressionAction & act : actions)
                hash.update(ExpressionAction::ActionHash{}(act));
            UInt128 result;
            hash.get128(result.low, result.high);
            return result;
        }
    };

private:
    NamesAndTypesList input_columns;
    Actions actions;
    Block sample_block;
    Settings settings;
#if USE_EMBEDDED_COMPILER
    std::shared_ptr<CompiledExpressionCache> compilation_cache;
#endif

    void checkLimits(Block & block) const;

    void addImpl(ExpressionAction action, Names & new_names);

    /// Move all arrayJoin as close as possible to the end.
    void optimizeArrayJoin();
};

using ExpressionActionsPtr = std::shared_ptr<ExpressionActions>;


/** The sequence of transformations over the block.
  * It is assumed that the result of each step is fed to the input of the next step.
  * Used to execute parts of the query individually.
  *
  * For example, you can create a chain of two steps:
  *     1) evaluate the expression in the WHERE clause,
  *     2) calculate the expression in the SELECT section,
  * and between the two steps do the filtering by value in the WHERE clause.
  */
struct ExpressionActionsChain
{
    ExpressionActionsChain(const Context & context_)
        : context(context_) {}
    struct Step
    {
        ExpressionActionsPtr actions;
        /// Columns were added to the block before current step in addition to prev step output.
        NameSet additional_input;
        /// Columns which are required in the result of current step.
        Names required_output;
        /// True if column from required_output is needed only for current step and not used in next actions
        /// (and can be removed from block). Example: filter column for where actions.
        /// If not empty, has the same size with required_output; is filled in finalize().
        std::vector<bool> can_remove_required_output;

        Step(const ExpressionActionsPtr & actions_ = nullptr, const Names & required_output_ = Names())
            : actions(actions_), required_output(required_output_) {}
    };

    using Steps = std::vector<Step>;

    const Context & context;
    Steps steps;

    void addStep();

    void finalize();

    void clear()
    {
        steps.clear();
    }

    ExpressionActionsPtr getLastActions()
    {
        if (steps.empty())
            throw Exception("Empty ExpressionActionsChain", ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR);

        return steps.back().actions;
    }

    Step & getLastStep()
    {
        if (steps.empty())
            throw Exception("Empty ExpressionActionsChain", ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR);

        return steps.back();
    }

    std::string dumpChain();
};

}