ClickHouse/docs/zh/engines/database-engines/materialized-postgresql.md

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---
2022-08-26 19:07:59 +00:00
slug: /zh/engines/database-engines/materialized-postgresql
2022-04-10 23:08:18 +00:00
sidebar_position: 30
sidebar_label: MaterializedPostgreSQL
---
# [experimental] MaterializedPostgreSQL {#materialize-postgresql}
使用PostgreSQL数据库表的初始数据转储创建ClickHouse数据库并启动复制过程即执行后台作业以便在远程PostgreSQL数据库中的PostgreSQL数据库表上发生新更改时应用这些更改。
ClickHouse服务器作为PostgreSQL副本工作。它读取WAL并执行DML查询。DDL不是复制的但可以处理如下所述
## 创建数据库 {#creating-a-database}
``` sql
CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name [ON CLUSTER cluster]
ENGINE = MaterializedPostgreSQL('host:port', ['database' | database], 'user', 'password') [SETTINGS ...]
```
**Engine参数**
- `host:port` — PostgreSQL服务地址
- `database` — PostgreSQL数据库名
- `user` — PostgreSQL用户名
- `password` — 用户密码
## 设置 {#settings}
- [materialized_postgresql_max_block_size](../../operations/settings/settings.md#materialized-postgresql-max-block-size)
- [materialized_postgresql_tables_list](../../operations/settings/settings.md#materialized-postgresql-tables-list)
- [materialized_postgresql_allow_automatic_update](../../operations/settings/settings.md#materialized-postgresql-allow-automatic-update)
``` sql
CREATE DATABASE database1
ENGINE = MaterializedPostgreSQL('postgres1:5432', 'postgres_database', 'postgres_user', 'postgres_password')
SETTINGS materialized_postgresql_max_block_size = 65536,
materialized_postgresql_tables_list = 'table1,table2,table3';
SELECT * FROM database1.table1;
```
## 必备条件 {#requirements}
- 在postgresql配置文件中将[wal_level](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-wal.html)设置为`logical`,将`max_replication_slots`设置为`2`。
- 每个复制表必须具有以下一个[replica identity](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/sql-altertable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-REPLICA-IDENTITY):
1. **default** (主键)
2. **index**
``` bash
postgres# CREATE TABLE postgres_table (a Integer NOT NULL, b Integer, c Integer NOT NULL, d Integer, e Integer NOT NULL);
postgres# CREATE unique INDEX postgres_table_index on postgres_table(a, c, e);
postgres# ALTER TABLE postgres_table REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX postgres_table_index;
```
总是先检查主键。如果不存在,则检查索引(定义为副本标识索引)。
如果使用index作为副本标识则表中必须只有一个这样的索引。
你可以用下面的命令来检查一个特定的表使用了什么类型:
``` bash
postgres# SELECT CASE relreplident
WHEN 'd' THEN 'default'
WHEN 'n' THEN 'nothing'
WHEN 'f' THEN 'full'
WHEN 'i' THEN 'index'
END AS replica_identity
FROM pg_class
WHERE oid = 'postgres_table'::regclass;
```
## 注意 {#warning}
1. [**TOAST**](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/storage-toast.html)不支持值转换。将使用数据类型的默认值。
## 使用示例 {#example-of-use}
``` sql
CREATE DATABASE postgresql_db
ENGINE = MaterializedPostgreSQL('postgres1:5432', 'postgres_database', 'postgres_user', 'postgres_password');
SELECT * FROM postgresql_db.postgres_table;
```