ClickHouse/tests/integration/test_backup_restore_new/test.py

import pytest
import asyncio
import re
import os.path
from helpers.cluster import ClickHouseCluster
from helpers.test_tools import assert_eq_with_retry, TSV

cluster = ClickHouseCluster(__file__)
instance = cluster.add_instance(
    "instance",
    main_configs=["configs/backups_disk.xml"],
    external_dirs=["/backups/"],
)


def create_and_fill_table(engine="MergeTree", n=100):
    if engine == "MergeTree":
        engine = "MergeTree ORDER BY y PARTITION BY x%10"
    instance.query("CREATE DATABASE test")
    instance.query(f"CREATE TABLE test.table(x UInt32, y String) ENGINE={engine}")
    instance.query(
        f"INSERT INTO test.table SELECT number, toString(number) FROM numbers({n})"
    )


@pytest.fixture(scope="module", autouse=True)
def start_cluster():
    try:
        cluster.start()
        yield cluster
    finally:
        cluster.shutdown()


@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
def cleanup_after_test():
    try:
        yield
    finally:
        instance.query("DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS test")
        instance.query("DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS test2")
        instance.query("DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS test3")
        instance.query("DROP USER IF EXISTS u1")
        instance.query("DROP ROLE IF EXISTS r1, r2")
        instance.query("DROP SETTINGS PROFILE IF EXISTS prof1")
        instance.query("DROP ROW POLICY IF EXISTS rowpol1 ON test.table")
        instance.query("DROP QUOTA IF EXISTS q1")


backup_id_counter = 0


def new_backup_name():
    global backup_id_counter
    backup_id_counter += 1
    return f"Disk('backups', '{backup_id_counter}/')"


def get_path_to_backup(backup_name):
    name = backup_name.split(",")[1].strip("')/ ")
    return os.path.join(instance.cluster.instances_dir, "backups", name)


session_id_counter = 0


def new_session_id():
    global session_id_counter
    session_id_counter += 1
    return "Session #" + str(session_id_counter)


def has_mutation_in_backup(mutation_id, backup_name, database, table):
    return os.path.exists(
        os.path.join(
            get_path_to_backup(backup_name),
            f"data/{database}/{table}/mutations/{mutation_id}.txt",
        )
    )


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "engine", ["MergeTree", "Log", "TinyLog", "StripeLog", "Memory"]
)
def test_restore_table(engine):
    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    create_and_fill_table(engine=engine)

    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"
    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name}")

    instance.query("DROP TABLE test.table")
    assert instance.query("EXISTS test.table") == "0\n"

    instance.query(f"RESTORE TABLE test.table FROM {backup_name}")
    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "engine", ["MergeTree", "Log", "TinyLog", "StripeLog", "Memory"]
)
def test_restore_table_into_existing_table(engine):
    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    create_and_fill_table(engine=engine)

    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"
    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name}")

    expected_error = "already contains some data"
    assert expected_error in instance.query_and_get_error(
        f"RESTORE TABLE test.table FROM {backup_name}"
    )

    instance.query(
        f"RESTORE TABLE test.table FROM {backup_name} SETTINGS structure_only=true"
    )
    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"

    instance.query(
        f"RESTORE TABLE test.table FROM {backup_name} SETTINGS allow_non_empty_tables=true"
    )
    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "200\t9900\n"


def test_restore_table_under_another_name():
    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    create_and_fill_table()

    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"
    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name}")

    assert instance.query("EXISTS test.table2") == "0\n"

    instance.query(f"RESTORE TABLE test.table AS test.table2 FROM {backup_name}")
    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table2") == "100\t4950\n"


def test_backup_table_under_another_name():
    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    create_and_fill_table()

    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"
    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE test.table AS test.table2 TO {backup_name}")

    assert instance.query("EXISTS test.table2") == "0\n"

    instance.query(f"RESTORE TABLE test.table2 FROM {backup_name}")
    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table2") == "100\t4950\n"


def test_materialized_view_select_1():
    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    instance.query(
        "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_1(x UInt8) ENGINE=MergeTree ORDER BY tuple() POPULATE AS SELECT 1 AS x"
    )

    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE mv_1 TO {backup_name}")
    instance.query("DROP TABLE mv_1")
    instance.query(f"RESTORE TABLE mv_1 FROM {backup_name}")

    assert instance.query("SELECT * FROM mv_1") == "1\n"
    instance.query("DROP TABLE mv_1")


def test_incremental_backup():
    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    incremental_backup_name = new_backup_name()
    create_and_fill_table()

    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"
    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name}")

    instance.query("INSERT INTO test.table VALUES (65, 'a'), (66, 'b')")

    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "102\t5081\n"
    instance.query(
        f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {incremental_backup_name} SETTINGS base_backup = {backup_name}"
    )

    instance.query(
        f"RESTORE TABLE test.table AS test.table2 FROM {incremental_backup_name}"
    )
    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table2") == "102\t5081\n"


def test_incremental_backup_after_renaming_table():
    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    incremental_backup_name = new_backup_name()
    create_and_fill_table()

    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name}")
    instance.query("RENAME TABLE test.table TO test.table2")
    instance.query(
        f"BACKUP TABLE test.table2 TO {incremental_backup_name} SETTINGS base_backup = {backup_name}"
    )

    # Files in a base backup can be searched by checksum, so an incremental backup with a renamed table actually
    # contains only its changed metadata.
    assert (
        os.path.isdir(os.path.join(get_path_to_backup(backup_name), "metadata")) == True
    )
    assert os.path.isdir(os.path.join(get_path_to_backup(backup_name), "data")) == True
    assert (
        os.path.isdir(
            os.path.join(get_path_to_backup(incremental_backup_name), "metadata")
        )
        == True
    )
    assert (
        os.path.isdir(os.path.join(get_path_to_backup(incremental_backup_name), "data"))
        == False
    )

    instance.query("DROP TABLE test.table2")
    instance.query(f"RESTORE TABLE test.table2 FROM {incremental_backup_name}")
    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table2") == "100\t4950\n"


def test_backup_not_found_or_already_exists():
    backup_name = new_backup_name()

    expected_error = "Backup .* not found"
    assert re.search(
        expected_error,
        instance.query_and_get_error(
            f"RESTORE TABLE test.table AS test.table2 FROM {backup_name}"
        ),
    )

    create_and_fill_table()
    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name}")

    expected_error = "Backup .* already exists"
    assert re.search(
        expected_error,
        instance.query_and_get_error(f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name}"),
    )


def test_file_engine():
    backup_name = f"File('/backups/file/')"
    create_and_fill_table()

    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"
    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name}")

    instance.query("DROP TABLE test.table")
    assert instance.query("EXISTS test.table") == "0\n"

    instance.query(f"RESTORE TABLE test.table FROM {backup_name}")
    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"


def test_database():
    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    create_and_fill_table()
    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"

    instance.query(f"BACKUP DATABASE test TO {backup_name}")
    instance.query("DROP DATABASE test")
    instance.query(f"RESTORE DATABASE test FROM {backup_name}")

    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"


def test_zip_archive():
    backup_name = f"Disk('backups', 'archive.zip')"
    create_and_fill_table()

    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"
    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name}")
    assert os.path.isfile(get_path_to_backup(backup_name))

    instance.query("DROP TABLE test.table")
    assert instance.query("EXISTS test.table") == "0\n"

    instance.query(f"RESTORE TABLE test.table FROM {backup_name}")
    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"


def test_zip_archive_with_settings():
    backup_name = f"Disk('backups', 'archive_with_settings.zip')"
    create_and_fill_table()

    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"
    instance.query(
        f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name} SETTINGS compression_method='lzma', compression_level=3, password='qwerty'"
    )

    instance.query("DROP TABLE test.table")
    assert instance.query("EXISTS test.table") == "0\n"

    instance.query(
        f"RESTORE TABLE test.table FROM {backup_name} SETTINGS password='qwerty'"
    )
    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"


def test_async():
    create_and_fill_table()
    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"

    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    [id, _, status] = instance.query(
        f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name} ASYNC"
    ).split("\t")
    assert status == "MAKING_BACKUP\n" or status == "BACKUP_COMPLETE\n"
    assert_eq_with_retry(
        instance,
        f"SELECT status FROM system.backups WHERE uuid='{id}'",
        "BACKUP_COMPLETE\n",
    )

    instance.query("DROP TABLE test.table")

    [id, _, status] = instance.query(
        f"RESTORE TABLE test.table FROM {backup_name} ASYNC"
    ).split("\t")
    assert status == "RESTORING\n" or status == "RESTORED\n"
    assert_eq_with_retry(
        instance, f"SELECT status FROM system.backups WHERE uuid='{id}'", "RESTORED\n"
    )

    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"


@pytest.mark.parametrize("interface", ["native", "http"])
def test_async_backups_to_same_destination(interface):
    create_and_fill_table()
    backup_name = new_backup_name()

    ids = []
    for _ in range(2):
        if interface == "http":
            res = instance.http_query(f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name} ASYNC")
        else:
            res = instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name} ASYNC")
        ids.append(res.split("\t")[0])

    [id1, id2] = ids

    assert_eq_with_retry(
        instance,
        f"SELECT count() FROM system.backups WHERE uuid IN ['{id1}', '{id2}'] AND status != 'BACKUP_COMPLETE' AND status != 'FAILED_TO_BACKUP'",
        "0\n",
    )

    assert (
        instance.query(f"SELECT status FROM system.backups WHERE uuid='{id1}'")
        == "BACKUP_COMPLETE\n"
    )

    assert (
        instance.query(f"SELECT status FROM system.backups WHERE uuid='{id2}'")
        == "FAILED_TO_BACKUP\n"
    )

    instance.query("DROP TABLE test.table")
    instance.query(f"RESTORE TABLE test.table FROM {backup_name}")
    assert instance.query("SELECT count(), sum(x) FROM test.table") == "100\t4950\n"


def test_empty_files_in_backup():
    instance.query("CREATE DATABASE test")
    instance.query(
        "CREATE TABLE test.tbl1(x Array(UInt8)) ENGINE=MergeTree ORDER BY tuple() SETTINGS min_bytes_for_wide_part = 0"
    )
    instance.query("INSERT INTO test.tbl1 VALUES ([])")

    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE test.tbl1 TO {backup_name}")

    instance.query("DROP TABLE test.tbl1")
    instance.query(f"RESTORE ALL FROM {backup_name}")

    assert instance.query("SELECT * FROM test.tbl1") == "[]\n"


def test_dependencies():
    create_and_fill_table()
    instance.query("CREATE VIEW test.view AS SELECT x, y AS w FROM test.table")
    instance.query(
        "CREATE DICTIONARY test.dict1(x UInt32, w String) PRIMARY KEY x SOURCE(CLICKHOUSE(HOST 'localhost' PORT tcpPort() DB 'test' TABLE 'view')) LAYOUT(FLAT()) LIFETIME(0)"
    )
    instance.query(
        "CREATE DICTIONARY test.dict2(x UInt32, w String) PRIMARY KEY w SOURCE(CLICKHOUSE(HOST 'localhost' PORT tcpPort() DB 'test' TABLE 'dict1')) LAYOUT(FLAT()) LIFETIME(0)"
    )
    instance.query(
        "CREATE TABLE test.table2(k String, v Int32 DEFAULT dictGet('test.dict2', 'x', k) - 1) ENGINE=MergeTree ORDER BY tuple()"
    )
    instance.query("INSERT INTO test.table2 (k) VALUES ('7'), ('96'), ('124')")
    assert instance.query("SELECT * FROM test.table2 ORDER BY k") == TSV(
        [["124", -1], ["7", 6], ["96", 95]]
    )

    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    instance.query(f"BACKUP DATABASE test AS test2 TO {backup_name}")

    instance.query("DROP DATABASE test")

    instance.query(f"RESTORE DATABASE test2 AS test3 FROM {backup_name}")

    assert instance.query("SELECT * FROM test3.table2 ORDER BY k") == TSV(
        [["124", -1], ["7", 6], ["96", 95]]
    )
    instance.query("INSERT INTO test3.table2 (k) VALUES  ('63'), ('152'), ('71')")
    assert instance.query("SELECT * FROM test3.table2 ORDER BY k") == TSV(
        [["124", -1], ["152", -1], ["63", 62], ["7", 6], ["71", 70], ["96", 95]]
    )


def test_materialized_view():
    create_and_fill_table(n=5)
    instance.query(
        "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW test.view ENGINE=MergeTree ORDER BY tuple() POPULATE AS SELECT y, x FROM test.table"
    )
    instance.query("INSERT INTO test.table VALUES (990, 'a')")

    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    instance.query(f"BACKUP DATABASE test TO {backup_name}")

    assert sorted(
        os.listdir(os.path.join(get_path_to_backup(backup_name), "metadata/test"))
    ) == ["table.sql", "view.sql"]
    assert sorted(
        os.listdir(os.path.join(get_path_to_backup(backup_name), "data/test"))
    ) == ["table", "view"]
    view_create_query = open(
        os.path.join(get_path_to_backup(backup_name), "metadata/test/view.sql")
    ).read()
    assert view_create_query.startswith("CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW test.view")
    assert "POPULATE" not in view_create_query

    instance.query("DROP DATABASE test")

    instance.query(f"RESTORE DATABASE test FROM {backup_name}")

    instance.query("INSERT INTO test.table VALUES (991, 'b')")

    assert instance.query("SELECT * FROM test.view ORDER BY x") == TSV(
        [["0", 0], ["1", 1], ["2", 2], ["3", 3], ["4", 4], ["a", 990], ["b", 991]]
    )


def test_materialized_view_with_target_table():
    create_and_fill_table(n=5)
    instance.query(
        "CREATE TABLE test.target(x Int64, y String) ENGINE=MergeTree ORDER BY tuple()"
    )
    instance.query(
        "CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW test.view TO test.target AS SELECT y, x FROM test.table"
    )
    instance.query("INSERT INTO test.table VALUES (990, 'a')")

    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    instance.query(f"BACKUP DATABASE test TO {backup_name}")

    assert sorted(
        os.listdir(os.path.join(get_path_to_backup(backup_name), "metadata/test"))
    ) == ["table.sql", "target.sql", "view.sql"]
    assert sorted(
        os.listdir(os.path.join(get_path_to_backup(backup_name), "data/test"))
    ) == ["table", "target"]

    instance.query("DROP DATABASE test")

    instance.query(f"RESTORE DATABASE test FROM {backup_name}")

    instance.query("INSERT INTO test.table VALUES (991, 'b')")

    assert instance.query("SELECT * FROM test.view ORDER BY x") == TSV(
        [["a", 990], ["b", 991]]
    )


def test_temporary_table():
    session_id = new_session_id()
    instance.http_query(
        "CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temp_tbl(s String)", params={"session_id": session_id}
    )
    instance.http_query(
        "INSERT INTO temp_tbl VALUES ('q')", params={"session_id": session_id}
    )
    instance.http_query(
        "INSERT INTO temp_tbl VALUES ('w'), ('e')", params={"session_id": session_id}
    )

    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    instance.http_query(
        f"BACKUP TEMPORARY TABLE temp_tbl TO {backup_name}",
        params={"session_id": session_id},
    )

    session_id = new_session_id()
    instance.http_query(
        f"RESTORE TEMPORARY TABLE temp_tbl FROM {backup_name}",
        params={"session_id": session_id},
    )

    assert instance.http_query(
        "SELECT * FROM temp_tbl ORDER BY s", params={"session_id": session_id}
    ) == TSV([["e"], ["q"], ["w"]])


# The backup created by "BACKUP DATABASE _temporary_and_external_tables" must not contain tables from other sessions.
def test_temporary_database():
    session_id = new_session_id()
    instance.http_query(
        "CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temp_tbl(s String)", params={"session_id": session_id}
    )

    other_session_id = new_session_id()
    instance.http_query(
        "CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE other_temp_tbl(s String)",
        params={"session_id": other_session_id},
    )

    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    instance.http_query(
        f"BACKUP DATABASE _temporary_and_external_tables TO {backup_name}",
        params={"session_id": session_id},
    )

    assert os.listdir(
        os.path.join(get_path_to_backup(backup_name), "temporary_tables/metadata")
    ) == ["temp_tbl.sql"]

    assert sorted(os.listdir(get_path_to_backup(backup_name))) == [
        ".backup",
        "temporary_tables",
    ]


def test_restore_all_restores_temporary_tables():
    session_id = new_session_id()
    instance.http_query(
        "CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temp_tbl(s String)", params={"session_id": session_id}
    )
    instance.http_query(
        "INSERT INTO temp_tbl VALUES ('q'), ('w'), ('e')",
        params={"session_id": session_id},
    )

    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    instance.http_query(
        f"BACKUP TEMPORARY TABLE temp_tbl TO {backup_name}",
        params={"session_id": session_id},
    )

    session_id = new_session_id()
    instance.http_query(
        f"RESTORE ALL FROM {backup_name}",
        params={"session_id": session_id},
        method="POST",
    )

    assert instance.http_query(
        "SELECT * FROM temp_tbl ORDER BY s", params={"session_id": session_id}
    ) == TSV([["e"], ["q"], ["w"]])


def test_required_privileges():
    create_and_fill_table(n=5)

    instance.query("CREATE USER u1")

    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    expected_error = "necessary to have grant BACKUP ON test.table"
    assert expected_error in instance.query_and_get_error(
        f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name}", user="u1"
    )

    instance.query("GRANT BACKUP ON test.table TO u1")
    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name}", user="u1")

    expected_error = "necessary to have grant INSERT, CREATE TABLE ON test.table"
    assert expected_error in instance.query_and_get_error(
        f"RESTORE TABLE test.table FROM {backup_name}", user="u1"
    )

    expected_error = "necessary to have grant INSERT, CREATE TABLE ON test.table2"
    assert expected_error in instance.query_and_get_error(
        f"RESTORE TABLE test.table AS test.table2 FROM {backup_name}", user="u1"
    )

    instance.query("GRANT INSERT, CREATE ON test.table2 TO u1")
    instance.query(
        f"RESTORE TABLE test.table AS test.table2 FROM {backup_name}", user="u1"
    )

    instance.query("DROP TABLE test.table")

    expected_error = "necessary to have grant INSERT, CREATE TABLE ON test.table"
    assert expected_error in instance.query_and_get_error(
        f"RESTORE ALL FROM {backup_name}", user="u1"
    )

    instance.query("GRANT INSERT, CREATE ON test.table TO u1")
    instance.query(f"RESTORE ALL FROM {backup_name}", user="u1")


def test_system_table():
    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE system.numbers TO {backup_name}")

    assert os.listdir(
        os.path.join(get_path_to_backup(backup_name), "metadata/system")
    ) == ["numbers.sql"]

    assert not os.path.isdir(os.path.join(get_path_to_backup(backup_name), "data"))

    create_query = open(
        os.path.join(get_path_to_backup(backup_name), "metadata/system/numbers.sql")
    ).read()

    assert create_query == "CREATE TABLE system.numbers ENGINE = SystemNumbers"

    instance.query(f"RESTORE TABLE system.numbers FROM {backup_name}")


def test_system_database():
    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    instance.query(f"BACKUP DATABASE system TO {backup_name}")

    assert "numbers.sql" in os.listdir(
        os.path.join(get_path_to_backup(backup_name), "metadata/system")
    )

    create_query = open(
        os.path.join(get_path_to_backup(backup_name), "metadata/system/numbers.sql")
    ).read()

    assert create_query == "CREATE TABLE system.numbers ENGINE = SystemNumbers"


def test_system_users():
    instance.query(
        "CREATE USER u1 IDENTIFIED BY 'qwe123' SETTINGS PROFILE 'default', custom_a = 1"
    )
    instance.query("GRANT SELECT ON test.* TO u1")

    instance.query("CREATE ROLE r1, r2")
    instance.query("GRANT r1 TO r2 WITH ADMIN OPTION")
    instance.query("GRANT r2 TO u1")

    instance.query("CREATE SETTINGS PROFILE prof1 SETTINGS custom_b=2 TO u1")
    instance.query("CREATE ROW POLICY rowpol1 ON test.table USING x<50 TO u1")
    instance.query("CREATE QUOTA q1 TO r1")

    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    instance.query(
        f"BACKUP TABLE system.users, TABLE system.roles, TABLE system.settings_profiles, TABLE system.row_policies, TABLE system.quotas TO {backup_name}"
    )

    instance.query("DROP USER u1")
    instance.query("DROP ROLE r1, r2")
    instance.query("DROP SETTINGS PROFILE prof1")
    instance.query("DROP ROW POLICY rowpol1 ON test.table")
    instance.query("DROP QUOTA q1")

    instance.query(
        f"RESTORE TABLE system.users, TABLE system.roles, TABLE system.settings_profiles, TABLE system.row_policies, TABLE system.quotas FROM {backup_name}"
    )

    assert (
        instance.query("SHOW CREATE USER u1")
        == "CREATE USER u1 IDENTIFIED WITH sha256_password SETTINGS PROFILE default, custom_a = 1\n"
    )
    assert instance.query("SHOW GRANTS FOR u1") == TSV(
        ["GRANT SELECT ON test.* TO u1", "GRANT r2 TO u1"]
    )
    assert instance.query("SHOW CREATE ROLE r1") == "CREATE ROLE r1\n"
    assert instance.query("SHOW GRANTS FOR r1") == ""
    assert instance.query("SHOW CREATE ROLE r2") == "CREATE ROLE r2\n"
    assert instance.query("SHOW GRANTS FOR r2") == TSV(
        ["GRANT r1 TO r2 WITH ADMIN OPTION"]
    )

    assert (
        instance.query("SHOW CREATE SETTINGS PROFILE prof1")
        == "CREATE SETTINGS PROFILE prof1 SETTINGS custom_b = 2 TO u1\n"
    )
    assert (
        instance.query("SHOW CREATE ROW POLICY rowpol1")
        == "CREATE ROW POLICY rowpol1 ON test.table FOR SELECT USING x < 50 TO u1\n"
    )
    assert instance.query("SHOW CREATE QUOTA q1") == "CREATE QUOTA q1 TO r1\n"


def test_system_users_required_privileges():
    instance.query("CREATE ROLE r1")
    instance.query("CREATE USER u1 DEFAULT ROLE r1")
    instance.query("GRANT SELECT ON test.* TO u1")

    # SETTINGS allow_backup=false means the following user won't be included in backups.
    instance.query("CREATE USER u2 SETTINGS allow_backup=false")

    backup_name = new_backup_name()

    expected_error = "necessary to have grant BACKUP ON system.users"
    assert expected_error in instance.query_and_get_error(
        f"BACKUP TABLE system.users, TABLE system.roles TO {backup_name}", user="u2"
    )

    instance.query("GRANT BACKUP ON system.users TO u2")

    expected_error = "necessary to have grant BACKUP ON system.roles"
    assert expected_error in instance.query_and_get_error(
        f"BACKUP TABLE system.users, TABLE system.roles TO {backup_name}", user="u2"
    )

    instance.query("GRANT BACKUP ON system.roles TO u2")
    instance.query(
        f"BACKUP TABLE system.users, TABLE system.roles TO {backup_name}", user="u2"
    )

    instance.query("DROP USER u1")
    instance.query("DROP ROLE r1")

    expected_error = (
        "necessary to have grant CREATE USER, CREATE ROLE, ROLE ADMIN ON *.*"
    )
    assert expected_error in instance.query_and_get_error(
        f"RESTORE ALL FROM {backup_name}", user="u2"
    )

    instance.query("GRANT CREATE USER, CREATE ROLE, ROLE ADMIN ON *.* TO u2")

    expected_error = "necessary to have grant SELECT ON test.* WITH GRANT OPTION"
    assert expected_error in instance.query_and_get_error(
        f"RESTORE ALL FROM {backup_name}", user="u2"
    )

    instance.query("GRANT SELECT ON test.* TO u2 WITH GRANT OPTION")
    instance.query(f"RESTORE ALL FROM {backup_name}", user="u2")

    assert instance.query("SHOW CREATE USER u1") == "CREATE USER u1 DEFAULT ROLE r1\n"
    assert instance.query("SHOW GRANTS FOR u1") == TSV(
        ["GRANT SELECT ON test.* TO u1", "GRANT r1 TO u1"]
    )

    assert instance.query("SHOW CREATE ROLE r1") == "CREATE ROLE r1\n"
    assert instance.query("SHOW GRANTS FOR r1") == ""


def test_system_users_async():
    instance.query("CREATE USER u1 IDENTIFIED BY 'qwe123' SETTINGS custom_c = 3")

    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    [id, _, status] = instance.query(
        f"BACKUP DATABASE default, TABLE system.users, TABLE system.roles, TABLE system.settings_profiles, TABLE system.row_policies, TABLE system.quotas TO {backup_name} ASYNC"
    ).split("\t")
    assert_eq_with_retry(
        instance,
        f"SELECT status FROM system.backups WHERE uuid='{id}'",
        "BACKUP_COMPLETE\n",
    )

    instance.query("DROP USER u1")

    [id, _, status] = instance.query(
        f"RESTORE DATABASE default, TABLE system.users, TABLE system.roles, TABLE system.settings_profiles, TABLE system.row_policies, TABLE system.quotas FROM {backup_name} ASYNC"
    ).split("\t")
    assert_eq_with_retry(
        instance,
        f"SELECT status FROM system.backups WHERE uuid='{id}'",
        "RESTORED\n",
    )

    assert (
        instance.query("SHOW CREATE USER u1")
        == "CREATE USER u1 IDENTIFIED WITH sha256_password SETTINGS custom_c = 3\n"
    )


def test_projection():
    create_and_fill_table(n=3)

    instance.query("ALTER TABLE test.table ADD PROJECTION prjmax (SELECT MAX(x))")
    instance.query(f"INSERT INTO test.table VALUES (100, 'a'), (101, 'b')")

    assert (
        instance.query(
            "SELECT count() FROM system.projection_parts WHERE database='test' AND table='table' AND name='prjmax'"
        )
        == "2\n"
    )

    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name}")

    assert os.path.exists(
        os.path.join(
            get_path_to_backup(backup_name), "data/test/table/1_5_5_0/data.bin"
        )
    )

    assert os.path.exists(
        os.path.join(
            get_path_to_backup(backup_name),
            "data/test/table/1_5_5_0/prjmax.proj/data.bin",
        )
    )

    instance.query("DROP TABLE test.table")

    assert (
        instance.query(
            "SELECT count() FROM system.projection_parts WHERE database='test' AND table='table' AND name='prjmax'"
        )
        == "0\n"
    )

    instance.query(f"RESTORE TABLE test.table FROM {backup_name}")

    assert instance.query("SELECT * FROM test.table ORDER BY x") == TSV(
        [[0, "0"], [1, "1"], [2, "2"], [100, "a"], [101, "b"]]
    )

    assert (
        instance.query(
            "SELECT count() FROM system.projection_parts WHERE database='test' AND table='table' AND name='prjmax'"
        )
        == "2\n"
    )


def test_system_functions():
    instance.query("CREATE FUNCTION linear_equation AS (x, k, b) -> k*x + b;")

    instance.query("CREATE FUNCTION parity_str AS (n) -> if(n % 2, 'odd', 'even');")

    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE system.functions TO {backup_name}")

    instance.query("DROP FUNCTION linear_equation")
    instance.query("DROP FUNCTION parity_str")

    instance.query(f"RESTORE TABLE system.functions FROM {backup_name}")

    assert instance.query(
        "SELECT number, linear_equation(number, 2, 1) FROM numbers(3)"
    ) == TSV([[0, 1], [1, 3], [2, 5]])

    assert instance.query("SELECT number, parity_str(number) FROM numbers(3)") == TSV(
        [[0, "even"], [1, "odd"], [2, "even"]]
    )


def test_backup_partition():
    create_and_fill_table(n=30)

    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE test.table PARTITIONS '1', '4' TO {backup_name}")

    instance.query("DROP TABLE test.table")

    instance.query(f"RESTORE TABLE test.table FROM {backup_name}")

    assert instance.query("SELECT * FROM test.table ORDER BY x") == TSV(
        [[1, "1"], [4, "4"], [11, "11"], [14, "14"], [21, "21"], [24, "24"]]
    )


def test_restore_partition():
    create_and_fill_table(n=30)

    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name}")

    instance.query("DROP TABLE test.table")

    instance.query(f"RESTORE TABLE test.table PARTITIONS '2', '3' FROM {backup_name}")

    assert instance.query("SELECT * FROM test.table ORDER BY x") == TSV(
        [[2, "2"], [3, "3"], [12, "12"], [13, "13"], [22, "22"], [23, "23"]]
    )


def test_mutation():
    create_and_fill_table(engine="MergeTree ORDER BY tuple()", n=5)

    instance.query(
        "INSERT INTO test.table SELECT number, toString(number) FROM numbers(5, 5)"
    )

    instance.query(
        "INSERT INTO test.table SELECT number, toString(number) FROM numbers(10, 5)"
    )

    instance.query("ALTER TABLE test.table UPDATE x=x+1 WHERE 1")
    instance.query("ALTER TABLE test.table UPDATE x=x+1+sleep(1) WHERE 1")
    instance.query("ALTER TABLE test.table UPDATE x=x+1+sleep(2) WHERE 1")

    backup_name = new_backup_name()
    instance.query(f"BACKUP TABLE test.table TO {backup_name}")

    assert not has_mutation_in_backup("0000000004", backup_name, "test", "table")
    assert has_mutation_in_backup("0000000005", backup_name, "test", "table")
    assert has_mutation_in_backup("0000000006", backup_name, "test", "table")
    assert not has_mutation_in_backup("0000000007", backup_name, "test", "table")

    instance.query("DROP TABLE test.table")

    instance.query(f"RESTORE TABLE test.table FROM {backup_name}")