diff --git a/src/Storages/MergeTree/MergeTreeIndexSet.cpp b/src/Storages/MergeTree/MergeTreeIndexSet.cpp
index eaa695c7f7a..9868d4f37f3 100644
--- a/src/Storages/MergeTree/MergeTreeIndexSet.cpp
+++ b/src/Storages/MergeTree/MergeTreeIndexSet.cpp
@@ -614,6 +614,9 @@ bool MergeTreeIndexConditionSet::operatorFromAST(ASTPtr & node)
     }
     else if (func->name == "and" || func->name == "indexHint")
     {
+        if (args.size() < 2)
+            return false;
+
         auto last_arg = args.back();
         args.pop_back();
 
@@ -633,6 +636,9 @@ bool MergeTreeIndexConditionSet::operatorFromAST(ASTPtr & node)
     }
     else if (func->name == "or")
     {
+        if (args.size() < 2)
+            return false;
+
         auto last_arg = args.back();
         args.pop_back();
 
diff --git a/tests/queries/0_stateless/02861_index_set_incorrect_args.reference b/tests/queries/0_stateless/02861_index_set_incorrect_args.reference
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/tests/queries/0_stateless/02861_index_set_incorrect_args.sql b/tests/queries/0_stateless/02861_index_set_incorrect_args.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..08bb40a324e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/queries/0_stateless/02861_index_set_incorrect_args.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+-- https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/issues/52019
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS set_index__fuzz_41;
+CREATE TABLE set_index__fuzz_41 (`a` Date, `b` Nullable(DateTime64(3)), INDEX b_set b TYPE set(0) GRANULARITY 1) ENGINE = MergeTree ORDER BY tuple();
+INSERT INTO set_index__fuzz_41 (a) VALUES (today());
+SELECT b FROM set_index__fuzz_41 WHERE and(b = 256) SETTINGS force_data_skipping_indices = 'b_set', optimize_move_to_prewhere = 0, max_parallel_replicas=2, parallel_replicas_for_non_replicated_merge_tree=1, allow_experimental_parallel_reading_from_replicas=2, use_hedged_requests=0; -- { serverError TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_FOR_FUNCTION }