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---
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toc_priority: 18
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toc_priority: 19
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toc_title: gRPC Protocol
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---
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# gRPC Protocol {#grpc-protocol}
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For the specification of the protocol see [clickhouse_grpc.proto](https://github.com/vitlibar/ClickHouse/blob/grpc-protocol/src/Server/grpc_protos/clickhouse_grpc.proto)
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## Introduction {#grpc-protocol-introduction}
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To use the protocol first set grpc_port in the main configuration file, and then you can either write a client in any of the programming languages supported by gRPC by using the provided schema or use the built-in client utils/grpc-client/clickhouse-grpc-client.py. The built-in client is operated very likely to clickhouse-client, for example
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ClickHouse supports [gRPC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRPC). It is an open source remote procedure call system that uses HTTP/2 and Protocol Buffers. The implementation of gRPC protocol supports:
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- SSL;
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- authentication;
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- sessions;
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- compression;
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- parallel queries through the same channel;
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- cancellation of queries;
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- getting progress and logs;
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- external tables.
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The protocol specification is described in [clickhouse_grpc.proto](https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/blob/master/src/Server/grpc_protos/clickhouse_grpc.proto).
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## ClickHouse Configuration {#grpc-protocol-configuration}
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To use the gRPC protocol set `grpc_port` in the main [server configuration](../../operations/configuration-files/). See the following configuration example:
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```xml
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<grpc_port>9100</grpc_port>
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<grpc>
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<enable_ssl>false</enable_ssl>
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<!-- The following two files are used only if enable_ssl=1 -->
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<ssl_cert_file>/path/to/ssl_cert_file</ssl_cert_file>
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<ssl_key_file>/path/to/ssl_key_file</ssl_key_file>
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<!-- Whether server will request client for a certificate -->
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<ssl_require_client_auth>false</ssl_require_client_auth>
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<!-- The following file is used only if ssl_require_client_auth=1 -->
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<ssl_ca_cert_file>/path/to/ssl_ca_cert_file</ssl_ca_cert_file>
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<!-- Default compression algorithm (applied if client doesn't specify another algorithm, see result_compression in QueryInfo).
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Supported algorithms: none, deflate, gzip, stream_gzip -->
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<compression>deflate</compression>
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<!-- Default compression level (applied if client doesn't specify another level, see result_compression in QueryInfo).
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Supported levels: none, low, medium, high -->
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<compression_level>medium</compression_level>
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<!-- Send/receive message size limits in bytes. -1 means unlimited -->
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<max_send_message_size>-1</max_send_message_size>
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<max_receive_message_size>-1</max_receive_message_size>
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<!-- Enable if you want very detailed logs -->
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<verbose_logs>false</verbose_logs>
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</grpc>
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```
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## Built-in Client {#grpc-client}
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You can either write a client in any of the programming languages supported by gRPC by using the provided specification or use the built-in Python client.
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The built-in client is [utils/grpc-client/clickhouse-grpc-client.py](https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/blob/master/utils/grpc-client/clickhouse-grpc-client.py). It requires [grpcio and grpcio-tools](https://grpc.io/docs/languages/python/quickstart) modules. To run the client in interactive mode call it without arguments.
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Arguments:
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- `--help` – Show this help message and exit
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- `--host HOST, -h HOST` – The server name, ‘localhost’ by default. You can use either the name or the IPv4 or IPv6 address.
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- `--port PORT` – The port to connect to. This port should be enabled on the ClickHouse server (see grpc_port in the config).
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- `--user USER_NAME, -u USER_NAME` – The username. Default value: ‘default’.
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- `--password PASSWORD` – The password. Default value: empty string.
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- `--query QUERY, -q QUERY` – The query to process when using non-interactive mode.
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- `--database DATABASE, -d DATABASE` – Select the current default database. Default value: the current database from the server settings (‘default’ by default).
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- `--format OUTPUT_FORMAT, -f OUTPUT_FORMAT` – Use the specified default format to output the result.
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- `--debug` – Enables showing the debug information.
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**Client Usage Example**
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In the following example a table is created and loaded with data from a CSV file.
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``` text
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utils/grpc-client/clickhouse-grpc-client.py -q "SELECT sum(number) FROM numbers(10)"
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cat a.txt | utils/grpc-client/clickhouse-grpc-client.py -q "INSERT INTO temp FORMAT TSV"
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./clickhouse-grpc-client.py -q "CREATE TABLE grpc_example_table (id UInt32, text String) ENGINE = MergeTree() ORDER BY id;"
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echo "0,Input data for" > a.txt
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echo "1,gRPC protocol example" >> a.txt
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cat a.txt | ./clickhouse-grpc-client.py -q "INSERT INTO grpc_example_table FORMAT CSV"
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./clickhouse-grpc-client.py --format PrettyCompact -q "SELECT * FROM grpc_example_table;"
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```
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and so on. Without parameters it runs the built-in client in the interactive mode.
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The implementation of gRPC protocol also supports compression, SSL, getting progress and logs, authentication, parallel queries through the same channel, cancellation of queries, sessions, external tables.
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Result:
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/* This file describes gRPC protocol supported in ClickHouse.
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*
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* To use this protocol a client should send one or more messages of the QueryInfo type
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* and then receive one or more messages of the Result type.
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* According to that the service provides four methods for that:
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* ExecuteQuery(QueryInfo) returns (Result)
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* ExecuteQueryWithStreamInput(stream QueryInfo) returns (Result)
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* ExecuteQueryWithStreamOutput(QueryInfo) returns (stream Result)
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* ExecuteQueryWithStreamIO(stream QueryInfo) returns (stream Result)
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* It's up to the client to choose which method to use.
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* For example, ExecuteQueryWithStreamInput() allows the client to add data multiple times
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* while executing a query, which is suitable for inserting many rows.
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*/
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``` text
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┌─id─┬─text──────────────────┐
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│ 0 │ Input data for │
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│ 1 │ gRPC protocol example │
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└────┴───────────────────────┘
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```
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@ -6,10 +6,11 @@ toc_title: Introduction
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# Interfaces {#interfaces}
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ClickHouse provides two network interfaces (both can be optionally wrapped in TLS for additional security):
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ClickHouse provides three network interfaces (they can be optionally wrapped in TLS for additional security):
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- [HTTP](http.md), which is documented and easy to use directly.
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- [Native TCP](../interfaces/tcp.md), which has less overhead.
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- [gRPC protocol](grpc.md).
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In most cases it is recommended to use appropriate tool or library instead of interacting with those directly. Officially supported by Yandex are the following:
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@ -24,4 +25,3 @@ There are also a wide range of third-party libraries for working with ClickHouse
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- [Integrations](../interfaces/third-party/integrations.md)
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- [Visual interfaces](../interfaces/third-party/gui.md)
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[Original article](https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/interfaces/) <!--hide-->
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