Fix

src/Interpreters/ExpressionAnalyzer.cpp

@@ -162,8 +162,10 @@ ExpressionAnalyzer::ExpressionAnalyzer(
     analyzeAggregation();
 }
 
-static ASTPtr checkPositionalArgument(ASTPtr argument, const NamesAndTypesList & columns)
+static ASTPtr checkPositionalArgument(ASTPtr argument, const ASTSelectQuery * select_query, ASTSelectQuery::Expression expression)
 {
+    auto columns = select_query->select()->children;
+
     /// Case when GROUP BY element is position.
     /// Do not consider case when GROUP BY element is not a literal, but expression, even if all values are constants.
     if (auto * ast_literal = typeid_cast<const ASTLiteral *>(argument.get()))
@@ -174,9 +176,19 @@ static ASTPtr checkPositionalArgument(ASTPtr argument, const NamesAndTypesList &
             auto pos = ast_literal->value.get<UInt64>();
             if ((0 < pos) && (pos <= columns.size()))
             {
-                const auto & column_name = std::next(columns.begin(), pos - 1)->name;
+                --pos;
-                return std::make_shared<ASTIdentifier>(column_name);
+                const auto & column = columns[pos];
+                if (const auto * literal_ast = typeid_cast<const ASTIdentifier *>(column.get()))
+                {
+                    return std::make_shared<ASTIdentifier>(literal_ast->name());
                 }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw Exception(ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_ARGUMENT, "Illegal value for positional argument in {}",
+                                    ASTSelectQuery::expressionToString(expression));
+                }
+            }
+            /// Do not throw if out of bounds, see appendUnusedGroupByColumn.
         }
     }
     return nullptr;
@@ -257,7 +269,6 @@ void ExpressionAnalyzer::analyzeAggregation()
             {
                 NameSet unique_keys;
                 ASTs & group_asts = select_query->groupBy()->children;
-                const auto & columns = syntax->source_columns;
 
                 for (ssize_t i = 0; i < ssize_t(group_asts.size()); ++i)
                 {
@@ -266,7 +277,7 @@ void ExpressionAnalyzer::analyzeAggregation()
 
                     if (getContext()->getSettingsRef().enable_positional_arguments)
                     {
-                        auto new_argument = checkPositionalArgument(group_asts[i], columns);
+                        auto new_argument = checkPositionalArgument(group_asts[i], select_query, ASTSelectQuery::Expression::GROUP_BY);
                         if (new_argument)
                             group_asts[i] = new_argument;
                     }
@@ -1252,7 +1263,6 @@ ActionsDAGPtr SelectQueryExpressionAnalyzer::appendOrderBy(ExpressionActionsChai
 
     bool with_fill = false;
     NameSet order_by_keys;
-    const auto & columns = syntax->source_columns;
 
     for (auto & child : select_query->orderBy()->children)
     {
@@ -1262,7 +1272,7 @@ ActionsDAGPtr SelectQueryExpressionAnalyzer::appendOrderBy(ExpressionActionsChai
 
         if (getContext()->getSettingsRef().enable_positional_arguments)
         {
-            auto new_argument = checkPositionalArgument(ast->children.at(0), columns);
+            auto new_argument = checkPositionalArgument(ast->children.at(0), select_query, ASTSelectQuery::Expression::ORDER_BY);
             if (new_argument)
                 ast->children[0] = new_argument;
         }
@@ -1317,13 +1327,12 @@ bool SelectQueryExpressionAnalyzer::appendLimitBy(ExpressionActionsChain & chain
     }
 
     auto & children = select_query->limitBy()->children;
-    const auto & columns = syntax->source_columns;
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < children.size(); ++i)
     {
         if (getContext()->getSettingsRef().enable_positional_arguments)
         {
-            auto new_argument = checkPositionalArgument(children[i], columns);
+            auto new_argument = checkPositionalArgument(children[i], select_query, ASTSelectQuery::Expression::LIMIT_BY);
             if (new_argument)
                 children[i] = new_argument;
         }

src/Parsers/ASTSelectQuery.h

@@ -35,6 +35,43 @@ public:
         SETTINGS
     };
 
+    static String expressionToString(Expression expr)
+    {
+        switch (expr)
+        {
+            case Expression::WITH:
+                return "WITH";
+            case Expression::SELECT:
+                return "SELECT";
+            case Expression::TABLES:
+                return "TABLES";
+            case Expression::PREWHERE:
+                return "PREWHERE";
+            case Expression::WHERE:
+                return "WHERE";
+            case Expression::GROUP_BY:
+                return "GROUP BY";
+            case Expression::HAVING:
+                return "HAVING";
+            case Expression::WINDOW:
+                return "WINDOW";
+            case Expression::ORDER_BY:
+                return "ORDER BY";
+            case Expression::LIMIT_BY_OFFSET:
+                return "LIMIT BY OFFSET";
+            case Expression::LIMIT_BY_LENGTH:
+                return "LIMIT BY LENGTH";
+            case Expression::LIMIT_BY:
+                return "LIMIT BY";
+            case Expression::LIMIT_OFFSET:
+                return "LIMIT OFFSET";
+            case Expression::LIMIT_LENGTH:
+                return "LIMIT LENGTH";
+            case Expression::SETTINGS:
+                return "SETTINGS";
+        }
+    }
+
     /** Get the text that identifies this element. */
     String getID(char) const override { return "SelectQuery"; }
 

tests/queries/0_stateless/02006_test_positional_arguments.reference

@@ -1,90 +1,50 @@
 -- { echo }
-set enable_positional_arguments = 1;
+select x3, x2, x1 from test order by 1;
-drop table if exists test;
+1	100	100
-create table test (col1 Int32, col2 Int32, col3 Int32) engine = Memory();
+10	1	10
-insert into test select number, number, 5 from numbers(2);
+100	10	1
-insert into test select number, number, 4 from numbers(2);
+select x3, x2, x1 from test order by x3;
-insert into test select number, number, 3 from numbers(2);
+1	100	100
-insert into test select number, number, 2 from numbers(2);
+10	1	10
-insert into test select number, number, 1 from numbers(2);
+100	10	1
-select * from test where col1 = 1 order by 3 desc;
+select x3, x2, x1 from test order by 1 desc;
-1	1	5
+100	10	1
-1	1	4
+10	1	10
-1	1	3
+1	100	100
-1	1	2
+select x3, x2, x1 from test order by x3 desc;
-1	1	1
+100	10	1
-select * from test where col2 = 1 order by 3 asc;
+10	1	10
-1	1	1
+1	100	100
-1	1	2
+insert into test values (1, 10, 200), (10, 1, 200), (100, 100, 1);
-1	1	3
+select x3, x2 from test group by x3, x2;
-1	1	4
+200	1
-1	1	5
+10	1
-insert into test select number, number+1, 1 from numbers(2);
+200	10
-insert into test select number, number+1, 2 from numbers(2);
+1	100
-insert into test select number, number+1, 3 from numbers(2);
+100	10
-insert into test select number, number+1, 4 from numbers(2);
+select x3, x2 from test group by 1, 2;
-insert into test select number, number+1, 5 from numbers(2);
+200	1
-select * from test order by col1, col2, col3 asc limit 2 by col2;
+10	1
-0	0	1
+200	10
-0	0	2
+1	100
-0	1	1
+100	10
-0	1	2
+select x1, x2, x3 from test order by x3 limit 1 by x3;
-1	2	1
+100	100	1
-1	2	2
+10	1	10
-select * from test order by 1, 2, 3 asc limit 2 by 2;
+1	10	100
-0	0	1
+1	10	200
-0	0	2
+select x1, x2, x3 from test order by 3 limit 1 by 3;
-0	1	1
+100	100	1
-0	1	2
+10	1	10
-1	2	1
+1	10	100
-1	2	2
+1	10	200
-select col1, col2 from test group by col1, col2 order by col1, col2;
+select x1, x2, x3 from test order by x3 limit 1 by x1;
-0	0
+100	100	1
-0	1
+10	1	10
-1	1
+1	10	100
-1	2
+select x1, x2, x3 from test order by 3 limit 1 by 1;
-select col1, col2 from test group by 1, 2 order by 1, 2;
+100	100	1
-0	0
+10	1	10
-0	1
+1	10	100
-1	1
+select max(x3), max(x2), max(x1) from test group by 1; -- { serverError 43 }
-1	2
+select max(x1) from test order by 1; -- { serverError 43 }
-select col2, col3 from test group by col3, col2 order by col3, col2;
-0	1
-1	1
-2	1
-0	2
-1	2
-2	2
-0	3
-1	3
-2	3
-0	4
-1	4
-2	4
-0	5
-1	5
-2	5
-select col2, col3 from test group by 3, 2 order by 3, 2;
-0	1
-1	1
-2	1
-0	2
-1	2
-2	2
-0	3
-1	3
-2	3
-0	4
-1	4
-2	4
-0	5
-1	5
-2	5
-select col2 from test group by 2 order by 2;
-0
-1
-2
-select col2 + 100 from test group by 2 order by 2;
-100
-101
-102

tests/queries/0_stateless/02006_test_positional_arguments.sql

@@ -1,32 +1,26 @@
--- { echo }
 set enable_positional_arguments = 1;
 
 drop table if exists test;
-create table test (col1 Int32, col2 Int32, col3 Int32) engine = Memory();
+create table test(x1 Int, x2 Int, x3 Int) engine=Memory();
+insert into test values (1, 10, 100), (10, 1, 10), (100, 100, 1);
 
-insert into test select number, number, 5 from numbers(2);
+-- { echo }
-insert into test select number, number, 4 from numbers(2);
+select x3, x2, x1 from test order by 1;
-insert into test select number, number, 3 from numbers(2);
+select x3, x2, x1 from test order by x3;
-insert into test select number, number, 2 from numbers(2);
-insert into test select number, number, 1 from numbers(2);
 
-select * from test where col1 = 1 order by 3 desc;
+select x3, x2, x1 from test order by 1 desc;
-select * from test where col2 = 1 order by 3 asc;
+select x3, x2, x1 from test order by x3 desc;
 
-insert into test select number, number+1, 1 from numbers(2);
+insert into test values (1, 10, 200), (10, 1, 200), (100, 100, 1);
-insert into test select number, number+1, 2 from numbers(2);
+select x3, x2 from test group by x3, x2;
-insert into test select number, number+1, 3 from numbers(2);
+select x3, x2 from test group by 1, 2;
-insert into test select number, number+1, 4 from numbers(2);
-insert into test select number, number+1, 5 from numbers(2);
 
-select * from test order by col1, col2, col3 asc limit 2 by col2;
+select x1, x2, x3 from test order by x3 limit 1 by x3;
-select * from test order by 1, 2, 3 asc limit 2 by 2;
+select x1, x2, x3 from test order by 3 limit 1 by 3;
+select x1, x2, x3 from test order by x3 limit 1 by x1;
+select x1, x2, x3 from test order by 3 limit 1 by 1;
 
-select col1, col2 from test group by col1, col2 order by col1, col2;
+select max(x3), max(x2), max(x1) from test group by 1; -- { serverError 43 }
-select col1, col2 from test group by 1, 2 order by 1, 2;
+select max(x1) from test order by 1; -- { serverError 43 }
 
-select col2, col3 from test group by col3, col2 order by col3, col2;
-select col2, col3 from test group by 3, 2 order by 3, 2;
 
-select col2 from test group by 2 order by 2;
-select col2 + 100 from test group by 2 order by 2;