diff --git a/docs/en/data_types/array.md b/docs/en/data_types/array.md index f8d909cfae5..18bce65bb03 100644 --- a/docs/en/data_types/array.md +++ b/docs/en/data_types/array.md @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ SELECT ## Working with data types -When creating an array on the fly, ClickHouse automatically defines the argument type as the narrowest data type that can store all the listed arguments. If there are any [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) or [Nullable](nullable.md#data_type-nullable) type arguments, the type of array elements is [Nullable](nullable.md#data_type-nullable). +When creating an array on the fly, ClickHouse automatically defines the argument type as the narrowest data type that can store all the listed arguments. If there are any [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) or [Nullable](nullable.md#data_type-nullable) type arguments, the type of array elements is [Nullable](nullable.md). If ClickHouse couldn't determine the data type, it will generate an exception. For instance, this will happen when trying to create an array with strings and numbers simultaneously (`SELECT array(1, 'a')`). diff --git a/docs/en/data_types/enum.md b/docs/en/data_types/enum.md index 7faeecf5b4c..bd5168016d3 100644 --- a/docs/en/data_types/enum.md +++ b/docs/en/data_types/enum.md @@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ SELECT toTypeName(CAST('a', 'Enum8(\'a\' = 1, \'b\' = 2)')) Each of the values is assigned a number in the range `-128 ... 127` for `Enum8` or in the range `-32768 ... 32767` for `Enum16`. All the strings and numbers must be different. An empty string is allowed. If this type is specified (in a table definition), numbers can be in an arbitrary order. However, the order does not matter. -Neither the string nor the numeric value in an `Enum` can be [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal). +Neither the string nor the numeric value in an `Enum` can be [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md). -An `Enum` can be contained in [Nullable](nullable.md#data_type-nullable) type. So if you create a table using the query +An `Enum` can be contained in [Nullable](nullable.md) type. So if you create a table using the query ``` CREATE TABLE t_enum_nullable diff --git a/docs/en/data_types/float.md b/docs/en/data_types/float.md index c106640e85a..894b50d8237 100644 --- a/docs/en/data_types/float.md +++ b/docs/en/data_types/float.md @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ SELECT 0 / 0 └──────────────┘ ``` - See the rules for `NaN` sorting in the section [ORDER BY clause](../query_language/select.md#query_language-queries-order_by). + See the rules for `NaN` sorting in the section [ORDER BY clause](../query_language/select.md). [Original article](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/data_types/float/) diff --git a/docs/en/data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md b/docs/en/data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md index 377c165a103..c1a0b7af3a8 100644 --- a/docs/en/data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md +++ b/docs/en/data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ CREATE TABLE t ) ENGINE = ... ``` -[uniq](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md#agg_function-uniq), anyIf ([any](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md#agg_function-any)+[If](../../query_language/agg_functions/combinators.md#agg-functions-combine-if)) and [quantiles](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md#agg_function-quantiles) are the aggregate functions supported in ClickHouse. +[uniq](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md#agg_function-uniq), anyIf ([any](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md#agg_function-any)+[If](../../query_language/agg_functions/combinators.md#agg-functions-combine-if)) and [quantiles](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md) are the aggregate functions supported in ClickHouse. ## Usage @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ SELECT uniqMerge(state) FROM (SELECT uniqState(UserID) AS state FROM table GROUP ## Usage Example -See [AggregatingMergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/aggregatingmergetree.md#table_engine-aggregatingmergetree) engine description. +See [AggregatingMergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/aggregatingmergetree.md) engine description. [Original article](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction/) diff --git a/docs/en/data_types/nullable.md b/docs/en/data_types/nullable.md index 87d0ac0c337..a3e48720e86 100644 --- a/docs/en/data_types/nullable.md +++ b/docs/en/data_types/nullable.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ # Nullable(TypeName) -Allows to store special marker ([NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal)) that denotes "missing value" alongside normal values allowed by `TypeName`. For example, a `Nullable(Int8)` type column can store `Int8` type values, and the rows that don't have a value will store `NULL`. +Allows to store special marker ([NULL](../query_language/syntax.md)) that denotes "missing value" alongside normal values allowed by `TypeName`. For example, a `Nullable(Int8)` type column can store `Int8` type values, and the rows that don't have a value will store `NULL`. -For a `TypeName`, you can't use composite data types [Array](array.md#data_type is array) and [Tuple](tuple.md#data_type-tuple). Composite data types can contain `Nullable` type values, such as `Array(Nullable(Int8))`. +For a `TypeName`, you can't use composite data types [Array](array.md#data_type is array) and [Tuple](tuple.md). Composite data types can contain `Nullable` type values, such as `Array(Nullable(Int8))`. A `Nullable` type field can't be included in table indexes. diff --git a/docs/en/data_types/special_data_types/nothing.md b/docs/en/data_types/special_data_types/nothing.md index 5b916b05557..79384766295 100644 --- a/docs/en/data_types/special_data_types/nothing.md +++ b/docs/en/data_types/special_data_types/nothing.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The only purpose of this data type is to represent cases where value is not expected. So you can't create a `Nothing` type value. -For example, literal [NULL](../../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) has type of `Nullable(Nothing)`. See more about [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable). +For example, literal [NULL](../../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) has type of `Nullable(Nothing)`. See more about [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md). The `Nothing` type can also used to denote empty arrays: diff --git a/docs/en/data_types/tuple.md b/docs/en/data_types/tuple.md index 6079af47cb9..1f9cf3ec86f 100644 --- a/docs/en/data_types/tuple.md +++ b/docs/en/data_types/tuple.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ A tuple of elements, each having an individual [type](index.md#data_types). -You can't store tuples in tables (other than Memory tables). They are used for temporary column grouping. Columns can be grouped when an IN expression is used in a query, and for specifying certain formal parameters of lambda functions. For more information, see the sections [IN operators](../query_language/select.md#query_language-in_operators) and [Higher order functions](../query_language/functions/higher_order_functions.md#higher_order_functions). +You can't store tuples in tables (other than Memory tables). They are used for temporary column grouping. Columns can be grouped when an IN expression is used in a query, and for specifying certain formal parameters of lambda functions. For more information, see the sections [IN operators](../query_language/select.md) and [Higher order functions](../query_language/functions/higher_order_functions.md#higher_order_functions). Tuples can be the result of a query. In this case, for text formats other than JSON, values are comma-separated in brackets. In JSON formats, tuples are output as arrays (in square brackets). @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ SELECT ## Working with data types -When creating a tuple on the fly, ClickHouse automatically detects the type of each argument as the minimum of the types which can store the argument value. If the argument is [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal), the type of the tuple element is [Nullable](nullable.md#data_type-nullable). +When creating a tuple on the fly, ClickHouse automatically detects the type of each argument as the minimum of the types which can store the argument value. If the argument is [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal), the type of the tuple element is [Nullable](nullable.md). Example of automatic data type detection: diff --git a/docs/en/images/column_oriented.gif b/docs/en/images/column_oriented.gif index 15f4b12e697..5a0e5b8e15e 100644 Binary files a/docs/en/images/column_oriented.gif and b/docs/en/images/column_oriented.gif differ diff --git a/docs/en/images/row_oriented.gif b/docs/en/images/row_oriented.gif index 53daa20f322..6e7c5889ccf 100644 Binary files a/docs/en/images/row_oriented.gif and b/docs/en/images/row_oriented.gif differ diff --git a/docs/en/interfaces/formats.md b/docs/en/interfaces/formats.md index d26b8f54ab9..8ede8c5507d 100644 --- a/docs/en/interfaces/formats.md +++ b/docs/en/interfaces/formats.md @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ Only a small set of symbols are escaped. You can easily stumble onto a string va Arrays are written as a list of comma-separated values in square brackets. Number items in the array are fomratted as normally, but dates, dates with times, and strings are written in single quotes with the same escaping rules as above. -[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) is formatted as `\N`. +[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md) is formatted as `\N`. @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ SearchPhrase=curtain designs count()=1064 SearchPhrase=baku count()=1000 ``` -[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) is formatted as `\N`. +[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md) is formatted as `\N`. ``` sql SELECT * FROM t_null FORMAT TSKV @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ If the query contains GROUP BY, rows_before_limit_at_least is the exact number o This format is only appropriate for outputting a query result, but not for parsing (retrieving data to insert in a table). -ClickHouse supports [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal), which is displayed as `null` in the JSON output. +ClickHouse supports [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md), which is displayed as `null` in the JSON output. See also the JSONEachRow format. @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ Outputs data as Unicode-art tables, also using ANSI-escape sequences for setting A full grid of the table is drawn, and each row occupies two lines in the terminal. Each result block is output as a separate table. This is necessary so that blocks can be output without buffering results (buffering would be necessary in order to pre-calculate the visible width of all the values). -[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) is output as `ᴺᵁᴸᴸ`. +[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md) is output as `ᴺᵁᴸᴸ`. ``` sql SELECT * FROM t_null @@ -457,11 +457,11 @@ FixedString is represented simply as a sequence of bytes. Array is represented as a varint length (unsigned [LEB128](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEB128)), followed by successive elements of the array. -For [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) support, an additional byte containing 1 or 0 is added before each [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable) value. If 1, then the value is `NULL` and this byte is interpreted as a separate value. If 0, the value after the byte is not `NULL`. +For [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) support, an additional byte containing 1 or 0 is added before each [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md) value. If 1, then the value is `NULL` and this byte is interpreted as a separate value. If 0, the value after the byte is not `NULL`. ## Values -Prints every row in brackets. Rows are separated by commas. There is no comma after the last row. The values inside the brackets are also comma-separated. Numbers are output in decimal format without quotes. Arrays are output in square brackets. Strings, dates, and dates with times are output in quotes. Escaping rules and parsing are similar to the [TabSeparated](#tabseparated) format. During formatting, extra spaces aren't inserted, but during parsing, they are allowed and skipped (except for spaces inside array values, which are not allowed). [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) is represented as `NULL`. +Prints every row in brackets. Rows are separated by commas. There is no comma after the last row. The values inside the brackets are also comma-separated. Numbers are output in decimal format without quotes. Arrays are output in square brackets. Strings, dates, and dates with times are output in quotes. Escaping rules and parsing are similar to the [TabSeparated](#tabseparated) format. During formatting, extra spaces aren't inserted, but during parsing, they are allowed and skipped (except for spaces inside array values, which are not allowed). [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md) is represented as `NULL`. The minimum set of characters that you need to escape when passing data in Values ​​format: single quotes and backslashes. @@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ This is the format that is used in `INSERT INTO t VALUES ...`, but you can also Prints each value on a separate line with the column name specified. This format is convenient for printing just one or a few rows, if each row consists of a large number of columns. -[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) is output as `ᴺᵁᴸᴸ`. +[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md) is output as `ᴺᵁᴸᴸ`. Example: @@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ struct Message { } ``` -Schema files are in the file that is located in the directory specified in [ format_schema_path](../operations/server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-format_schema_path) in the server configuration. +Schema files are in the file that is located in the directory specified in [ format_schema_path](../operations/server_settings/settings.md) in the server configuration. Deserialization is effective and usually doesn't increase the system load. diff --git a/docs/en/introduction/distinctive_features.md b/docs/en/introduction/distinctive_features.md index 1dbc710659d..ed3543ddf34 100644 --- a/docs/en/introduction/distinctive_features.md +++ b/docs/en/introduction/distinctive_features.md @@ -59,6 +59,6 @@ ClickHouse provides various ways to trade accuracy for performance: Uses asynchronous multimaster replication. After being written to any available replica, data is distributed to all the remaining replicas in the background. The system maintains identical data on different replicas. Recovery after most failures is performed automatically, and in complex cases — semi-automatically. -For more information, see the section [Data replication](../operations/table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication). +For more information, see the section [Data replication](../operations/table_engines/replication.md). [Original article](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/introduction/distinctive_features/) diff --git a/docs/en/introduction/performance.md b/docs/en/introduction/performance.md index 47d4a3b946d..14c0404b289 100644 --- a/docs/en/introduction/performance.md +++ b/docs/en/introduction/performance.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ According to internal testing results at Yandex, ClickHouse shows the best performance (both the highest throughput for long queries and the lowest latency on short queries) for comparable operating scenarios among systems of its class that were available for testing. You can view the test results on a [separate page](https://clickhouse.yandex/benchmark.html). -This has also been confirmed by numerous independent benchmarks. They are not difficult to find using an internet search, or you can see [our small collection of related links](https://clickhouse.yandex/#independent-bookmarks). +This has also been confirmed by numerous independent benchmarks. They are not difficult to find using an internet search, or you can see [our small collection of related links](https://clickhouse.yandex/). ## Throughput for a Single Large Query diff --git a/docs/en/operations/access_rights.md b/docs/en/operations/access_rights.md index 451be2c7322..22c3b3e7714 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/access_rights.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/access_rights.md @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Users are recorded in the `users` section. Here is a fragment of the `users.xml` You can see a declaration from two users: `default`and`web`. We added the `web` user separately. -The `default` user is chosen in cases when the username is not passed. The `default` user is also used for distributed query processing, if the configuration of the server or cluster doesn't specify the `user` and `password` (see the section on the [Distributed](../operations/table_engines/distributed.md#table_engines-distributed) engine). +The `default` user is chosen in cases when the username is not passed. The `default` user is also used for distributed query processing, if the configuration of the server or cluster doesn't specify the `user` and `password` (see the section on the [Distributed](../operations/table_engines/distributed.md) engine). The user that is used for exchanging information between servers combined in a cluster must not have substantial restrictions or quotas – otherwise, distributed queries will fail. @@ -87,8 +87,7 @@ The config includes comments explaining how to open access from everywhere. For use in production, only specify `ip` elements (IP addresses and their masks), since using `host` and `hoost_regexp` might cause extra latency. -Next the user settings profile is specified (see the section "[Settings profiles](settings/settings_profiles.md#settings_profiles)"). You can specify the default profile, `default'`. The profile can have any name. You can specify the same profile for different users. The most important thing you can write in the settings profile is `readonly=1`, which ensures read-only access. - +Next the user settings profile is specified (see the section "[Settings profiles](settings/settings_profiles.md Then specify the quota to be used (see the section "[Quotas](quotas.md#quotas)"). You can specify the default quota: `default`. It is set in the config by default to only count resource usage, without restricting it. The quota can have any name. You can specify the same quota for different users – in this case, resource usage is calculated for each user individually. In the optional `` section, you can also specify a list of databases that the user can access. By default, all databases are available to the user. You can specify the `default` database. In this case, the user will receive access to the database by default. diff --git a/docs/en/operations/backup.md b/docs/en/operations/backup.md index 3e2f110130a..fddcaba78f7 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/backup.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/backup.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Data Backup -While [replication](table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication) provides protection from hardware failures, it does not protect against human errors: accidentally deleting data, deleting the wrong table or on the wrong cluster, software bugs leading to incorrect data processing or data corruption. In many cases commands like these will affect all replicas. ClickHouse has built-in safeguards to prevent some of mistakes, for example by default [you can't just drop tables with MergeTree-like engine containing more than 50Gb of data](https://github.com/yandex/ClickHouse/blob/v18.14.18-stable/dbms/programs/server/config.xml#L322-L330), but they don't cover all possible cases and can be circumvented. +While [replication](table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication) provides protection from hardware failures, it does not protect against human errors: accidentally deleting data, deleting the wrong table or on the wrong cluster, software bugs leading to incorrect data processing or data corruption. In many cases commands like these will affect all replicas. ClickHouse has built-in safeguards to prevent some of mistakes, for example by default [you can't just drop tables with MergeTree-like engine containing more than 50Gb of data](https://github.com/yandex/ClickHouse/blob/v18.14.18-stable/dbms/programs/server/config.xml), but they don't cover all possible cases and can be circumvented. So in order to effectively mitigate possible human errors, you should carefully prepare your backup and restore strategy **in advance**. @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ For smaller volumes of data simple `INSERT INTO ... SELECT ...` to remote tables ClickHouse allows to create a local copy of table partitions using `ALTER TABLE ... FREZE PARTITION ...` query. It's implemented using hardlinks to `/var/lib/clickhouse/shadow/` folder, so for old data it usually does not consume extra disk space. As created file copies are no longer touched by ClickHouse server, you can just leave them there: it's still be a simple backup that doesn't require any additional external system, but will be prone to hardware issues since. It's better to remotely copy them somewhere and then probably remove the local copies. Distributed filesystems and object stores are still a good options for this, but normal file servers attached with large enough capacity might work as well (in this case the transfer will happen via network filesystem or maybe [rsync](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rsync)). -More details on queries related to partition manipulations can be found in [respective section of ALTER documentation](../query_language/alter.md#query_language-manipulation-with-partitions-and-parts). +More details on queries related to partition manipulations can be found in [respective section of ALTER documentation](../query_language/alter.md). There's a third-party tool to automate this approach: [clickhouse-backup](https://github.com/AlexAkulov/clickhouse-backup). diff --git a/docs/en/operations/configuration_files.md b/docs/en/operations/configuration_files.md index 799b9e5de75..eb0e8c699a0 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/configuration_files.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/configuration_files.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ If `replace` is specified, it replaces the entire element with the specified one If `remove` is specified, it deletes the element. -The config can also define "substitutions". If an element has the `incl` attribute, the corresponding substitution from the file will be used as the value. By default, the path to the file with substitutions is `/etc/metrika.xml`. This can be changed in the [include_from](server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-include_from) element in the server config. The substitution values are specified in `/yandex/substitution_name` elements in this file. If a substitution specified in `incl` does not exist, it is recorded in the log. To prevent ClickHouse from logging missing substitutions, specify the `optional="true"` attribute (for example, settings for [macros](server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-macros)). +The config can also define "substitutions". If an element has the `incl` attribute, the corresponding substitution from the file will be used as the value. By default, the path to the file with substitutions is `/etc/metrika.xml`. This can be changed in the [include_from](server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-include_from) element in the server config. The substitution values are specified in `/yandex/substitution_name` elements in this file. If a substitution specified in `incl` does not exist, it is recorded in the log. To prevent ClickHouse from logging missing substitutions, specify the `optional="true"` attribute (for example, settings for [macros](server_settings/settings.md)). Substitutions can also be performed from ZooKeeper. To do this, specify the attribute `from_zk = "/path/to/node"`. The element value is replaced with the contents of the node at `/path/to/node` in ZooKeeper. You can also put an entire XML subtree on the ZooKeeper node and it will be fully inserted into the source element. diff --git a/docs/en/operations/server_settings/settings.md b/docs/en/operations/server_settings/settings.md index f1546fbe62d..e7c6ba88876 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/server_settings/settings.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/server_settings/settings.md @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ To get a list of databases, use the [ SHOW DATABASES](../../query_language/misc. Default settings profile. -Settings profiles are located in the file specified in the parameter [user_config](#server_settings-users_config). +Settings profiles are located in the file specified in the parameter [user_config](). **Example** @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Path: - Specify the absolute path or the path relative to the server config file. - The path can contain wildcards \* and ?. -See also "[External dictionaries](../../query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md#dicts-external_dicts)". +See also "[External dictionaries](../../query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md)". **Example** @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ You can configure multiple `` clauses. For instance, you can use this Settings for thinning data for Graphite. -For more details, see [GraphiteMergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md#table_engines-graphitemergetree). +For more details, see [GraphiteMergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md). **Example** @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ For more details, see [GraphiteMergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/graphit The port for connecting to the server over HTTP(s). -If `https_port` is specified, [openSSL](#server_settings-openSSL) must be configured. +If `https_port` is specified, [openSSL]() must be configured. If `http_port` is specified, the openSSL configuration is ignored even if it is set. @@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ Parameter substitutions for replicated tables. Can be omitted if replicated tables are not used. -For more information, see the section "[Creating replicated tables](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication-creation_of_rep_tables)". +For more information, see the section "[Creating replicated tables](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md)". **Example** @@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ For more information, see the section "[Creating replicated tables](../../operat ## mark_cache_size -Approximate size (in bytes) of the cache of "marks" used by [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). +Approximate size (in bytes) of the cache of "marks" used by [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md). The cache is shared for the server and memory is allocated as needed. The cache size must be at least 5368709120. @@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ We recommend using this option in Mac OS X, since the `getrlimit()` function ret Restriction on deleting tables. -If the size of a [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree) table exceeds `max_table_size_to_drop` (in bytes), you can't delete it using a DROP query. +If the size of a [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md) table exceeds `max_table_size_to_drop` (in bytes), you can't delete it using a DROP query. If you still need to delete the table without restarting the ClickHouse server, create the `/flags/force_drop_table` file and run the DROP query. @@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ The value 0 means that you can delete all tables without any restrictions. ## merge_tree -Fine tuning for tables in the [ MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). +Fine tuning for tables in the [ MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md). For more information, see the MergeTreeSettings.h header file. @@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ Keys for server/client settings: ## part_log -Logging events that are associated with [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). For instance, adding or merging data. You can use the log to simulate merge algorithms and compare their characteristics. You can visualize the merge process. +Logging events that are associated with [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md). For instance, adding or merging data. You can use the log to simulate merge algorithms and compare their characteristics. You can visualize the merge process. Queries are logged in the ClickHouse table, not in a separate file. @@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ Use the following parameters to configure logging: - database – Name of the database. - table – Name of the table. -- partition_by – Sets a [custom partitioning key](../../operations/table_engines/custom_partitioning_key.md#custom-partitioning-key). +- partition_by – Sets a [custom partitioning key](../../operations/table_engines/custom_partitioning_key.md). - flush_interval_milliseconds – Interval for flushing data from the buffer in memory to the table. **Example** @@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ The path to the directory containing data. ## query_log -Setting for logging queries received with the [log_queries=1](../settings/settings.md#settings_settings-log_queries) setting. +Setting for logging queries received with the [log_queries=1](../settings/settings.md) setting. Queries are logged in the ClickHouse table, not in a separate file. @@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ Use the following parameters to configure logging: - database – Name of the database. - table – Name of the table. -- partition_by – Sets a [custom partitioning key](../../operations/table_engines/custom_partitioning_key.md#custom-partitioning-key). +- partition_by – Sets a [custom partitioning key](../../operations/table_engines/custom_partitioning_key.md). - flush_interval_milliseconds – Interval for flushing data from the buffer in memory to the table. If the table doesn't exist, ClickHouse will create it. If the structure of the query log changed when the ClickHouse server was updated, the table with the old structure is renamed, and a new table is created automatically. @@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ If the table doesn't exist, ClickHouse will create it. If the structure of the q Configuration of clusters used by the Distributed table engine. -For more information, see the section "[Table engines/Distributed](../../operations/table_engines/distributed.md#table_engines-distributed)". +For more information, see the section "[Table engines/Distributed](../../operations/table_engines/distributed.md)". **Example** @@ -661,9 +661,9 @@ Path to temporary data for processing large queries. ## uncompressed_cache_size -Cache size (in bytes) for uncompressed data used by table engines from the [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). +Cache size (in bytes) for uncompressed data used by table engines from the [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md). -There is one shared cache for the server. Memory is allocated on demand. The cache is used if the option [use_uncompressed_cache](../settings/settings.md#settings-use_uncompressed_cache) is enabled. +There is one shared cache for the server. Memory is allocated on demand. The cache is used if the option [use_uncompressed_cache](../settings/settings.md) is enabled. The uncompressed cache is advantageous for very short queries in individual cases. @@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ The uncompressed cache is advantageous for very short queries in individual case ## user_files_path -The directory with user files. Used in the table function [file()](../../query_language/table_functions/file.md#table_functions-file). +The directory with user files. Used in the table function [file()](../../query_language/table_functions/file.md). **Example** @@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ ClickHouse uses ZooKeeper for storing replica metadata when using replicated tab This parameter can be omitted if replicated tables are not used. -For more information, see the section "[Replication](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication)". +For more information, see the section "[Replication](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md)". **Example** diff --git a/docs/en/operations/settings/settings.md b/docs/en/operations/settings/settings.md index 64f086930ef..e23b83f2386 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/settings/settings.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/settings/settings.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ## distributed_product_mode -Changes the behavior of [distributed subqueries](../../query_language/select.md#queries-distributed-subrequests). +Changes the behavior of [distributed subqueries](../../query_language/select.md). ClickHouse applies this setting when the query contains the product of distributed tables, i.e. when the query for a distributed table contains a non-GLOBAL subquery for the distributed table. @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Restrictions: - Only applied for IN and JOIN subqueries. - Only if the FROM section uses a distributed table containing more than one shard. - If the subquery concerns a distributed table containing more than one shard, -- Not used for a table-valued [remote](../../query_language/table_functions/remote.md#table_functions-remote) function. +- Not used for a table-valued [remote](../../query_language/table_functions/remote.md) function. The possible values ​​are: @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ The possible values ​​are: ## fallback_to_stale_replicas_for_distributed_queries -Forces a query to an out-of-date replica if updated data is not available. See "[Replication](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication)". +Forces a query to an out-of-date replica if updated data is not available. See "[Replication](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md)". ClickHouse selects the most relevant from the outdated replicas of the table. @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Disables query execution if the index can't be used by date. Works with tables in the MergeTree family. -If `force_index_by_date=1`, ClickHouse checks whether the query has a date key condition that can be used for restricting data ranges. If there is no suitable condition, it throws an exception. However, it does not check whether the condition actually reduces the amount of data to read. For example, the condition `Date != ' 2000-01-01 '` is acceptable even when it matches all the data in the table (i.e., running the query requires a full scan). For more information about ranges of data in MergeTree tables, see "[MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree)". +If `force_index_by_date=1`, ClickHouse checks whether the query has a date key condition that can be used for restricting data ranges. If there is no suitable condition, it throws an exception. However, it does not check whether the condition actually reduces the amount of data to read. For example, the condition `Date != ' 2000-01-01 '` is acceptable even when it matches all the data in the table (i.e., running the query requires a full scan). For more information about ranges of data in MergeTree tables, see "[MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md)". @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Disables query execution if indexing by the primary key is not possible. Works with tables in the MergeTree family. -If `force_primary_key=1`, ClickHouse checks to see if the query has a primary key condition that can be used for restricting data ranges. If there is no suitable condition, it throws an exception. However, it does not check whether the condition actually reduces the amount of data to read. For more information about data ranges in MergeTree tables, see "[MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree)". +If `force_primary_key=1`, ClickHouse checks to see if the query has a primary key condition that can be used for restricting data ranges. If there is no suitable condition, it throws an exception. However, it does not check whether the condition actually reduces the amount of data to read. For more information about data ranges in MergeTree tables, see "[MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md)". @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ If `input_format_allow_errors_ratio` is exceeded, ClickHouse throws an exception ## join_default_strictness -Sets default strictness for [JOIN clause](../../query_language/select.md#query-language-join). +Sets default strictness for [JOIN clause](../../query_language/select.md). **Possible values** @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ Disabled by default (set to 0). It only works when reading from MergeTree engine Setting up query logging. -Queries sent to ClickHouse with this setup are logged according to the rules in the [query_log](../server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-query_log) server configuration parameter. +Queries sent to ClickHouse with this setup are logged according to the rules in the [query_log](../server_settings/settings.md) server configuration parameter. **Example**: @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ This is slightly more than `max_block_size`. The reason for this is because cert ## max_replica_delay_for_distributed_queries -Disables lagging replicas for distributed queries. See "[Replication](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication)". +Disables lagging replicas for distributed queries. See "[Replication](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md)". Sets the time in seconds. If a replica lags more than the set value, this replica is not used. @@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ Don't confuse blocks for compression (a chunk of memory consisting of bytes) and ## min_compress_block_size -For [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree)" tables. In order to reduce latency when processing queries, a block is compressed when writing the next mark if its size is at least 'min_compress_block_size'. By default, 65,536. +For [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md)" tables. In order to reduce latency when processing queries, a block is compressed when writing the next mark if its size is at least 'min_compress_block_size'. By default, 65,536. The actual size of the block, if the uncompressed data is less than 'max_compress_block_size', is no less than this value and no less than the volume of data for one mark. @@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ This parameter is useful when you are using formats that require a schema defini ## stream_flush_interval_ms -Works for tables with streaming in the case of a timeout, or when a thread generates[max_insert_block_size](#settings-settings-max_insert_block_size) rows. +Works for tables with streaming in the case of a timeout, or when a thread generates[max_insert_block_size]() rows. The default value is 7500. @@ -371,9 +371,9 @@ The character interpreted as a delimiter in the CSV data. By default, the delimi ## join_use_nulls -Affects the behavior of [JOIN](../../query_language/select.md#query_language-join). +Affects the behavior of [JOIN](../../query_language/select.md). -With `join_use_nulls=1,` `JOIN` behaves like in standard SQL, i.e. if empty cells appear when merging, the type of the corresponding field is converted to [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable), and empty cells are filled with [NULL](../../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal). +With `join_use_nulls=1,` `JOIN` behaves like in standard SQL, i.e. if empty cells appear when merging, the type of the corresponding field is converted to [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable), and empty cells are filled with [NULL](../../query_language/syntax.md). @@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ The default value is 0. All the replicas in the quorum are consistent, i.e., they contain data from all previous `INSERT` queries. The `INSERT` sequence is linearized. -When reading the data written from the `insert_quorum`, you can use the[select_sequential_consistency](#setting-select_sequential_consistency) option. +When reading the data written from the `insert_quorum`, you can use the[select_sequential_consistency]() option. **ClickHouse generates an exception** @@ -401,8 +401,8 @@ When reading the data written from the `insert_quorum`, you can use the[select_s **See also the following parameters:** -- [insert_quorum_timeout](#setting-insert_quorum_timeout) -- [select_sequential_consistency](#setting-select_sequential_consistency) +- [insert_quorum_timeout]() +- [select_sequential_consistency]() @@ -414,8 +414,8 @@ By default, 60 seconds. **See also the following parameters:** -- [insert_quorum](#setting-insert_quorum) -- [select_sequential_consistency](#setting-select_sequential_consistency) +- [insert_quorum]() +- [select_sequential_consistency]() @@ -430,8 +430,8 @@ When sequential consistency is enabled, ClickHouse allows the client to execute See also the following parameters: -- [insert_quorum](#setting-insert_quorum) -- [insert_quorum_timeout](#setting-insert_quorum_timeout) +- [insert_quorum]() +- [insert_quorum_timeout]() [Original article](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/operations/settings/settings/) diff --git a/docs/en/operations/system_tables.md b/docs/en/operations/system_tables.md index a67fec3f9c5..21e4cd37eb8 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/system_tables.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/system_tables.md @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ This is similar to the DUAL table found in other DBMSs. ## system.parts -Contains information about parts of [MergeTree](table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree) tables. +Contains information about parts of [MergeTree](table_engines/mergetree.md) tables. Each row describes one part of the data. diff --git a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/aggregatingmergetree.md b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/aggregatingmergetree.md index 80835c2920f..f8d5c372d7d 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/aggregatingmergetree.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/aggregatingmergetree.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ # AggregatingMergeTree -The engine inherits from [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree), altering the logic for data parts merging. ClickHouse replaces all rows with the same primary key (or more accurately, with the same [sorting key](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-sorting_key)) with a single row (within a one data part) that stores a combination of states of aggregate functions. +The engine inherits from [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree), altering the logic for data parts merging. ClickHouse replaces all rows with the same primary key (or more accurately, with the same [sorting key](mergetree.md)) with a single row (within a one data part) that stores a combination of states of aggregate functions. You can use `AggregatingMergeTree` tables for incremental data aggregation, including for aggregated materialized views. -The engine processes all columns with [AggregateFunction](../../data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md#data_type-aggregatefunction) type. +The engine processes all columns with [AggregateFunction](../../data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md) type. It is appropriate to use `AggregatingMergeTree` if it reduces the number of rows by orders. @@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [SETTINGS name=value, ...] ``` -For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table). +For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md). **Query clauses** -When creating a `ReplacingMergeTree` table the same [clauses](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-configuring) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table. +When creating a `ReplacingMergeTree` table the same [clauses](mergetree.md) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table.
Deprecated Method for Creating a Table @@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ All of the parameters have the same meaning as in `MergeTree`. ## SELECT and INSERT -To insert data, use [INSERT SELECT](../../query_language/insert_into.md#queries-insert-select) query with aggregate `-State`- functions. - +To insert data, use [INSERT SELECT](../../query_language/insert_into.md When selecting data from `AggregatingMergeTree` table, use `GROUP BY` clause and the same aggregate functions as when inserting data, but using `-Merge` suffix. In the results of `SELECT` query the values of `AggregateFunction` type have implementation-specific binary representation for all of the ClickHouse output formats. If dump data into, for example, `TabSeparated` format with `SELECT` query then this dump can be loaded back using `INSERT` query. diff --git a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/collapsingmergetree.md b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/collapsingmergetree.md index 16fefcd4bab..db41150159d 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/collapsingmergetree.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/collapsingmergetree.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ # CollapsingMergeTree -The engine inherits from [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree) and adds the logic of rows collapsing to data parts merge algorithm. +The engine inherits from [MergeTree](mergetree.md) and adds the logic of rows collapsing to data parts merge algorithm. -`CollapsingMergeTree` asynchronously deletes (collapses) pairs of rows if all of the fields in a row are equivalent excepting the particular field `Sign` which can have `1` and `-1` values. Rows without a pair are kept. For more details see the [Collapsing](#collapsingmergetree-collapsing) section of the document. +`CollapsingMergeTree` asynchronously deletes (collapses) pairs of rows if all of the fields in a row are equivalent excepting the particular field `Sign` which can have `1` and `-1` values. Rows without a pair are kept. For more details see the [Collapsing]() section of the document. The engine may significantly reduce the volume of storage and increase efficiency of `SELECT` query as a consequence. @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [SETTINGS name=value, ...] ``` -For a description of query parameters, see [query description](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table). +For a description of query parameters, see [query description](../../query_language/create.md). **CollapsingMergeTree Parameters** @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ For a description of query parameters, see [query description](../../query_langu **Query clauses** -When creating a `CollapsingMergeTree` table, the same [clauses](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-configuring) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table. +When creating a `CollapsingMergeTree` table, the same [clauses](mergetree.md) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table.
Deprecated Method for Creating a Table diff --git a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/dictionary.md b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/dictionary.md index 067611605ba..00caba03ac0 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/dictionary.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/dictionary.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ # Dictionary -The `Dictionary` engine displays the [dictionary](../../query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md#dicts-external_dicts) data as a ClickHouse table. +The `Dictionary` engine displays the [dictionary](../../query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md) data as a ClickHouse table. As an example, consider a dictionary of `products` with the following configuration: diff --git a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/file.md b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/file.md index ed49a693630..816b8d94cd6 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/file.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/file.md @@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ File(Format) `Format` should be supported for either `INSERT` and `SELECT`. For the full list of supported formats see [Formats](../../interfaces/formats.md#formats). -ClickHouse does not allow to specify filesystem path for`File`. It will use folder defined by [path](../server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-path) setting in server configuration. +ClickHouse does not allow to specify filesystem path for`File`. It will use folder defined by [path](../server_settings/settings.md) setting in server configuration. When creating table using `File(Format)` it creates empty subdirectory in that folder. When data is written to that table, it's put into `data.Format` file in that subdirectory. -You may manually create this subfolder and file in server filesystem and then [ATTACH](../../query_language/misc.md#queries-attach) it to table information with matching name, so you can query data from that file. +You may manually create this subfolder and file in server filesystem and then [ATTACH](../../query_language/misc.md) it to table information with matching name, so you can query data from that file. !!! warning Be careful with this funcionality, because ClickHouse does not keep track of external changes to such files. The result of simultaneous writes via ClickHouse and outside of ClickHouse is undefined. @@ -60,8 +60,7 @@ SELECT * FROM file_engine_table ## Usage in Clickhouse-local -In [clickhouse-local](../utils/clickhouse-local.md#utils-clickhouse-local) File engine accepts file path in addition to `Format`. Default input/output streams can be specified using numeric or human-readable names like `0` or `stdin`, `1` or `stdout`. - +In [clickhouse-local](../utils/clickhouse-local.md **Example:** ```bash diff --git a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md index 0aad07a13c3..843185ff83d 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This engine is designed for rollup (thinning and aggregating/averaging) [Graphit You can use any ClickHouse table engine to store the Graphite data if you don't need rollup, but if you need a rollup use `GraphiteMergeTree`. The engine reduces the volume of storage and increases the efficiency of queries from Graphite. -The engine inherits properties from [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). +The engine inherits properties from [MergeTree](mergetree.md). ## Creating a Table @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [SETTINGS name=value, ...] ``` -For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table). +For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md). A table for the Graphite date should have the following columns: @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ The names of these columns should be set in the rollup configuration. **Query clauses** -When creating a `GraphiteMergeTree` table, the same [clauses](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-configuring) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table. +When creating a `GraphiteMergeTree` table, the same [clauses](mergetree.md) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table.
Deprecated Method for Creating a Table @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ All of the parameters excepting `config_section` have the same meaning as in `Me ## Rollup configuration -The settings for rollup are defined by the [graphite_rollup](../server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-graphite_rollup) parameter in the server configuration. The name of the parameter could be any. You can create several configurations and use them for different tables. +The settings for rollup are defined by the [graphite_rollup](../server_settings/settings.md) parameter in the server configuration. The name of the parameter could be any. You can create several configurations and use them for different tables. Rollup configuration structure: diff --git a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/kafka.md b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/kafka.md index 3ee70146409..9a0756d1ea7 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/kafka.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/kafka.md @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Example: SELECT level, sum(total) FROM daily GROUP BY level; ``` -To improve performance, received messages are grouped into blocks the size of [max_insert_block_size](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-max_insert_block_size). If the block wasn't formed within [stream_flush_interval_ms](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings_stream_flush_interval_ms) milliseconds, the data will be flushed to the table regardless of the completeness of the block. +To improve performance, received messages are grouped into blocks the size of [max_insert_block_size](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-max_insert_block_size). If the block wasn't formed within [stream_flush_interval_ms](../settings/settings.md) milliseconds, the data will be flushed to the table regardless of the completeness of the block. To stop receiving topic data or to change the conversion logic, detach the materialized view: diff --git a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/materializedview.md b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/materializedview.md index c13a1ac8710..1e0a1615874 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/materializedview.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/materializedview.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # MaterializedView -Used for implementing materialized views (for more information, see [CREATE TABLE](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table)). For storing data, it uses a different engine that was specified when creating the view. When reading from a table, it just uses this engine. +Used for implementing materialized views (for more information, see [CREATE TABLE](../../query_language/create.md)). For storing data, it uses a different engine that was specified when creating the view. When reading from a table, it just uses this engine. [Original article](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/operations/table_engines/materializedview/) diff --git a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/mergetree.md b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/mergetree.md index 2f2b0253c49..9422b2028b2 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/mergetree.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/mergetree.md @@ -12,20 +12,20 @@ Main features: This allows you to create a small sparse index that helps find data faster. -- This allows you to use partitions if the [partitioning key](custom_partitioning_key.md#table_engines-custom_partitioning_key) is specified. +- This allows you to use partitions if the [partitioning key](custom_partitioning_key.md) is specified. ClickHouse supports certain operations with partitions that are more effective than general operations on the same data with the same result. ClickHouse also automatically cuts off the partition data where the partitioning key is specified in the query. This also increases the query performance. - Data replication support. - The family of `ReplicatedMergeTree` tables is used for this. For more information, see the [Data replication](replication.md#table_engines-replication) section. + The family of `ReplicatedMergeTree` tables is used for this. For more information, see the [Data replication](replication.md) section. - Data sampling support. If necessary, you can set the data sampling method in the table. !!! info - The [Merge](merge.md#table_engine-merge) engine does not belong to the `*MergeTree` family. + The [Merge](merge.md) engine does not belong to the `*MergeTree` family. @@ -45,21 +45,21 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [SETTINGS name=value, ...] ``` -For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table). +For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md). **Query clauses** - `ENGINE` - Name and parameters of the engine. `ENGINE = MergeTree()`. `MergeTree` engine does not have parameters. -- `PARTITION BY` — The [partitioning key](custom_partitioning_key.md#table_engines-custom_partitioning_key). +- `PARTITION BY` — The [partitioning key](custom_partitioning_key.md). - For partitioning by month, use the `toYYYYMM(date_column)` expression, where `date_column` is a column with a date of the type [Date](../../data_types/date.md#data_type-date). The partition names here have the `"YYYYMM"` format. + For partitioning by month, use the `toYYYYMM(date_column)` expression, where `date_column` is a column with a date of the type [Date](../../data_types/date.md). The partition names here have the `"YYYYMM"` format. - `ORDER BY` — The sorting key. A tuple of columns or arbitrary expressions. Example: `ORDER BY (CounterID, EventDate)`. -- `PRIMARY KEY` - The primary key if it [differs from the sorting key](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-sorting_key). +- `PRIMARY KEY` - The primary key if it [differs from the sorting key](mergetree.md). By default the primary key is the same as the sorting key (which is specified by the `ORDER BY` clause). Thus in most cases it is unnecessary to specify a separate `PRIMARY KEY` clause. @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ ENGINE MergeTree() PARTITION BY toYYYYMM(EventDate) ORDER BY (CounterID, EventDa In the example, we set partitioning by month. -We also set an expression for sampling as a hash by the user ID. This allows you to pseudorandomize the data in the table for each `CounterID` and `EventDate`. If, when selecting the data, you define a [SAMPLE](../../query_language/select.md#select-section-sample) clause, ClickHouse will return an evenly pseudorandom data sample for a subset of users. +We also set an expression for sampling as a hash by the user ID. This allows you to pseudorandomize the data in the table for each `CounterID` and `EventDate`. If, when selecting the data, you define a [SAMPLE](../../query_language/select.md) clause, ClickHouse will return an evenly pseudorandom data sample for a subset of users. `index_granularity` could be omitted because 8192 is the default value. @@ -100,10 +100,9 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] **MergeTree() parameters** -- `date-column` — The name of a column of the type [Date](../../data_types/date.md#data_type-date). ClickHouse automatically creates partitions by month on the basis of this column. The partition names are in the `"YYYYMM"` format. +- `date-column` — The name of a column of the type [Date](../../data_types/date.md). ClickHouse automatically creates partitions by month on the basis of this column. The partition names are in the `"YYYYMM"` format. - `sampling_expression` — an expression for sampling. -- `(primary, key)` — primary key. Type — [Tuple()](../../data_types/tuple.md#data_type-tuple). It may consist of arbitrary expressions, but it typically is a tuple of columns. It must include an expression for sampling if it is set. It must not include a column with a `date-column` date. -- `index_granularity` — The granularity of an index. The number of data rows between the "marks" of an index. The value 8192 is appropriate for most tasks. +- `(primary, key)` — primary key. Type — [Tuple()](../../data_types/tuple.md- `index_granularity` — The granularity of an index. The number of data rows between the "marks" of an index. The value 8192 is appropriate for most tasks. **Example** @@ -167,7 +166,7 @@ The number of columns in the primary key is not explicitly limited. Depending on ClickHouse sorts data by primary key, so the higher the consistency, the better the compression. -- Provide additional logic when data parts merging in the [CollapsingMergeTree](collapsingmergetree.md#table_engine-collapsingmergetree) and [SummingMergeTree](summingmergetree.md#table_engine-summingmergetree) engines. +- Provide additional logic when data parts merging in the [CollapsingMergeTree](collapsingmergetree.md#table_engine-collapsingmergetree) and [SummingMergeTree](summingmergetree.md) engines. In this case it makes sense to specify the *sorting key* that is different from the primary key. @@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ added dimensions. In this case it makes sense to leave only a few columns in the primary key that will provide efficient range scans and add the remaining dimension columns to the sorting key tuple. -[ALTER of the sorting key](../../query_language/alter.md#query_language-queries-alter-key_alters) is a +[ALTER of the sorting key](../../query_language/alter.md) is a lightweight operation because when a new column is simultaneously added to the table and to the sorting key data parts need not be changed (they remain sorted by the new sorting key expression). @@ -226,7 +225,7 @@ In the example below, the index can't be used. SELECT count() FROM table WHERE CounterID = 34 OR URL LIKE '%upyachka%' ``` -To check whether ClickHouse can use the index when running a query, use the settings [force_index_by_date](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-force_index_by_date) and [force_primary_key](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-force_primary_key). +To check whether ClickHouse can use the index when running a query, use the settings [force_index_by_date](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-force_index_by_date) and [force_primary_key](../settings/settings.md). The key for partitioning by month allows reading only those data blocks which contain dates from the proper range. In this case, the data block may contain data for many dates (up to an entire month). Within a block, data is sorted by primary key, which might not contain the date as the first column. Because of this, using a query with only a date condition that does not specify the primary key prefix will cause more data to be read than for a single date. diff --git a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/mysql.md b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/mysql.md index 9c3a84a4b6e..5f3122faf00 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/mysql.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/mysql.md @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ At this time, simple `WHERE` clauses such as ` =, !=, >, >=, <, <=` are executed The rest of the conditions and the `LIMIT` sampling constraint are executed in ClickHouse only after the query to MySQL finishes. -The `MySQL` engine does not support the [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable) data type, so when reading data from MySQL tables, `NULL` is converted to default values for the specified column type (usually 0 or an empty string). +The `MySQL` engine does not support the [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md) data type, so when reading data from MySQL tables, `NULL` is converted to default values for the specified column type (usually 0 or an empty string). [Original article](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/operations/table_engines/mysql/) diff --git a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/replacingmergetree.md b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/replacingmergetree.md index 0cc53475dde..a147e9c8dd6 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/replacingmergetree.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/replacingmergetree.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # ReplacingMergeTree -The engine differs from [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree) in that it removes duplicate entries with the same primary key value (or more accurately, with the same [sorting key](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-sorting_key) value). +The engine differs from [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree) in that it removes duplicate entries with the same primary key value (or more accurately, with the same [sorting key](mergetree.md) value). Data deduplication occurs only during a merge. Merging occurs in the background at an unknown time, so you can't plan for it. Some of the data may remain unprocessed. Although you can run an unscheduled merge using the `OPTIMIZE` query, don't count on using it, because the `OPTIMIZE` query will read and write a large amount of data. @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [SETTINGS name=value, ...] ``` -For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table). +For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md). **ReplacingMergeTree Parameters** @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_l **Query clauses** -When creating a `ReplacingMergeTree` table the same [clauses](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-configuring) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table. +When creating a `ReplacingMergeTree` table the same [clauses](mergetree.md) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table.
Deprecated Method for Creating a Table diff --git a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/replication.md b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/replication.md index a6298fb5595..09392bb3740 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/replication.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/replication.md @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ You can specify any existing ZooKeeper cluster and the system will use a directo If ZooKeeper isn't set in the config file, you can't create replicated tables, and any existing replicated tables will be read-only. -ZooKeeper is not used in `SELECT` queries because replication does not affect the performance of `SELECT` and queries run just as fast as they do for non-replicated tables. When querying distributed replicated tables, ClickHouse behavior is controlled by the settings [max_replica_delay_for_distributed_queries](../settings/settings.md#settings_settings_max_replica_delay_for_distributed_queries) and [fallback_to_stale_replicas_for_distributed_queries](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-fallback_to_stale_replicas_for_distributed_queries). +ZooKeeper is not used in `SELECT` queries because replication does not affect the performance of `SELECT` and queries run just as fast as they do for non-replicated tables. When querying distributed replicated tables, ClickHouse behavior is controlled by the settings [max_replica_delay_for_distributed_queries](../settings/settings.md#settings_settings_max_replica_delay_for_distributed_queries) and [fallback_to_stale_replicas_for_distributed_queries](../settings/settings.md). For each `INSERT` query, approximately ten entries are added to ZooKeeper through several transactions. (To be more precise, this is for each inserted block of data; an INSERT query contains one block or one block per `max_insert_block_size = 1048576` rows.) This leads to slightly longer latencies for `INSERT` compared to non-replicated tables. But if you follow the recommendations to insert data in batches of no more than one `INSERT` per second, it doesn't create any problems. The entire ClickHouse cluster used for coordinating one ZooKeeper cluster has a total of several hundred `INSERTs` per second. The throughput on data inserts (the number of rows per second) is just as high as for non-replicated data. @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ By default, an INSERT query waits for confirmation of writing the data from only Each block of data is written atomically. The INSERT query is divided into blocks up to `max_insert_block_size = 1048576` rows. In other words, if the `INSERT` query has less than 1048576 rows, it is made atomically. -Data blocks are deduplicated. For multiple writes of the same data block (data blocks of the same size containing the same rows in the same order), the block is only written once. The reason for this is in case of network failures when the client application doesn't know if the data was written to the DB, so the `INSERT` query can simply be repeated. It doesn't matter which replica INSERTs were sent to with identical data. `INSERTs` are idempotent. Deduplication parameters are controlled by [merge_tree](../server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-merge_tree) server settings. +Data blocks are deduplicated. For multiple writes of the same data block (data blocks of the same size containing the same rows in the same order), the block is only written once. The reason for this is in case of network failures when the client application doesn't know if the data was written to the DB, so the `INSERT` query can simply be repeated. It doesn't matter which replica INSERTs were sent to with identical data. `INSERTs` are idempotent. Deduplication parameters are controlled by [merge_tree](../server_settings/settings.md) server settings. During replication, only the source data to insert is transferred over the network. Further data transformation (merging) is coordinated and performed on all the replicas in the same way. This minimizes network usage, which means that replication works well when replicas reside in different datacenters. (Note that duplicating data in different datacenters is the main goal of replication.) @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ If all data and metadata disappeared from one of the servers, follow these steps Then start the server (restart, if it is already running). Data will be downloaded from replicas. -An alternative recovery option is to delete information about the lost replica from ZooKeeper (`/path_to_table/replica_name`), then create the replica again as described in "[Creating replicatable tables](#table_engines-replication-creation_of_rep_tables)". +An alternative recovery option is to delete information about the lost replica from ZooKeeper (`/path_to_table/replica_name`), then create the replica again as described in "[Creating replicatable tables]()". There is no restriction on network bandwidth during recovery. Keep this in mind if you are restoring many replicas at once. diff --git a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/summingmergetree.md b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/summingmergetree.md index bd6c2d651f6..c74cee277ce 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/summingmergetree.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/summingmergetree.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ # SummingMergeTree -The engine inherits from [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). The difference is that when merging data parts for `SummingMergeTree` tables ClickHouse replaces all the rows with the same primary key (or more accurately, with the same [sorting key](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-sorting_key)) with one row which contains summarized values for the columns with the numeric data type. If the sorting key is composed in a way that a single key value corresponds to large number of rows, this significantly reduces storage volume and speeds up data selection. +The engine inherits from [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). The difference is that when merging data parts for `SummingMergeTree` tables ClickHouse replaces all the rows with the same primary key (or more accurately, with the same [sorting key](mergetree.md)) with one row which contains summarized values for the columns with the numeric data type. If the sorting key is composed in a way that a single key value corresponds to large number of rows, this significantly reduces storage volume and speeds up data selection. We recommend to use the engine together with `MergeTree`. Store complete data in `MergeTree` table, and use `SummingMergeTree` for aggregated data storing, for example, when preparing reports. Such an approach will prevent you from losing valuable data due to an incorrectly composed primary key. @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [SETTINGS name=value, ...] ``` -For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table). +For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md). **Parameters of SummingMergeTree** @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ The columns must be of a numeric type and must not be in the primary key. **Query clauses** -When creating a `SummingMergeTree` table the same [clauses](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-configuring) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table. +When creating a `SummingMergeTree` table the same [clauses](mergetree.md) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table.
Deprecated Method for Creating a Table @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ Insert data to it: :) INSERT INTO summtt Values(1,1),(1,2),(2,1) ``` -ClickHouse may sum all the rows not completely ([see below](#summary-data-processing)), so we use an aggregate function `sum` and `GROUP BY` clause in the query. +ClickHouse may sum all the rows not completely ([see below]()), so we use an aggregate function `sum` and `GROUP BY` clause in the query. ```sql SELECT key, sum(value) FROM summtt GROUP BY key @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ SELECT key, sum(value) FROM summtt GROUP BY key When data are inserted into a table, they are saved as-is. Clickhouse merges the inserted parts of data periodically and this is when rows with the same primary key are summed and replaced with one for each resulting part of data. -ClickHouse can merge the data parts so that different resulting parts of data cat consist rows with the same primary key, i.e. the summation will be incomplete. Therefore (`SELECT`) an aggregate function [sum()](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md#agg_function-sum) and `GROUP BY` clause should be used in a query as described in the example above. +ClickHouse can merge the data parts so that different resulting parts of data cat consist rows with the same primary key, i.e. the summation will be incomplete. Therefore (`SELECT`) an aggregate function [sum()](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md) and `GROUP BY` clause should be used in a query as described in the example above. ### Common rules for summation @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ The values are not summarized for columns in the primary key. ### The Summation in the AggregateFunction Columns -For columns of [AggregateFunction type](../../data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md#data_type-aggregatefunction) ClickHouse behaves as [AggregatingMergeTree](aggregatingmergetree.md#table_engine-aggregatingmergetree) engine aggregating according to the function. +For columns of [AggregateFunction type](../../data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md#data_type-aggregatefunction) ClickHouse behaves as [AggregatingMergeTree](aggregatingmergetree.md) engine aggregating according to the function. ### Nested Structures @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ Examples: [(1, 100), (2, 150)] + [(1, -100)] -> [(2, 150)] ``` -When requesting data, use the [sumMap(key, value)](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md#agg_function-summary) function for aggregation of `Map`. +When requesting data, use the [sumMap(key, value)](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md) function for aggregation of `Map`. For nested data structure, you do not need to specify its columns in the tuple of columns for summation. diff --git a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/versionedcollapsingmergetree.md b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/versionedcollapsingmergetree.md index 42feeaffcce..330e2bd4fe7 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/table_engines/versionedcollapsingmergetree.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/table_engines/versionedcollapsingmergetree.md @@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ This engine: - Allows quick writing of continually changing states of objects. - Deletes old states of objects in the background. It causes to significant reduction of the volume of storage. -See the section [Collapsing](#versionedcollapsingmergetree-collapsing) for details. +See the section [Collapsing]() for details. -The engine inherits from [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree) and adds the logic of rows collapsing to data parts merge algorithm. `VersionedCollapsingMergeTree` solves the same problem as the [CollapsingMergeTree](collapsingmergetree.md#table_engine-collapsingmergetree) but uses another algorithm of collapsing. It allows inserting the data in any order with multiple threads. The particular `Version` column helps to collapse the rows properly even if they are inserted in the wrong order. `CollapsingMergeTree` allows only strictly consecutive insertion. +The engine inherits from [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree) and adds the logic of rows collapsing to data parts merge algorithm. `VersionedCollapsingMergeTree` solves the same problem as the [CollapsingMergeTree](collapsingmergetree.md) but uses another algorithm of collapsing. It allows inserting the data in any order with multiple threads. The particular `Version` column helps to collapse the rows properly even if they are inserted in the wrong order. `CollapsingMergeTree` allows only strictly consecutive insertion. ## Creating a Table @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [SETTINGS name=value, ...] ``` -For a description of query parameters, see [query description](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table). +For a description of query parameters, see [query description](../../query_language/create.md). **Engine Parameters** @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ VersionedCollapsingMergeTree(sign, version) **Query Clauses** -When creating a `VersionedCollapsingMergeTree` table, the same [clauses](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-configuring) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table. +When creating a `VersionedCollapsingMergeTree` table, the same [clauses](mergetree.md) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table.
Deprecated Method for Creating a Table diff --git a/docs/en/operations/utils/index.md b/docs/en/operations/utils/index.md index 6406b486cc8..ca0f0954150 100644 --- a/docs/en/operations/utils/index.md +++ b/docs/en/operations/utils/index.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ # ClickHouse Utility -* [clickhouse-local](clickhouse-local.md#utils-clickhouse-local) — Allows running SQL queries on data without stopping the ClickHouse server, similar to how `awk` does this. -* [clickhouse-copier](clickhouse-copier.md#utils-clickhouse-copier) — Copies (and reshards) data from one cluster to another cluster. +* [clickhouse-local](clickhouse-local.md) — Allows running SQL queries on data without stopping the ClickHouse server, similar to how `awk` does this. +* [clickhouse-copier](clickhouse-copier.md) — Copies (and reshards) data from one cluster to another cluster. [Original article](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/operations/utils/) diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/agg_functions/parametric_functions.md b/docs/en/query_language/agg_functions/parametric_functions.md index 134b4a4b985..61951379d56 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/agg_functions/parametric_functions.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/agg_functions/parametric_functions.md @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ windowFunnel(window)(timestamp, cond1, cond2, cond3, ...) **Parameters:** - `window` — Length of the sliding window in seconds. -- `timestamp` — Name of the column containing the timestamp. Data type: [DateTime](../../data_types/datetime.md#data_type-datetime) or [UInt32](../../data_types/int_uint.md#data_type-int). +- `timestamp` — Name of the column containing the timestamp. Data type: [DateTime](../../data_types/datetime.md#data_type-datetime) or [UInt32](../../data_types/int_uint.md). - `cond1`, `cond2`... — Conditions or data describing the chain of events. Data type: `UInt8`. Values can be 0 or 1. **Algorithm** diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/agg_functions/reference.md b/docs/en/query_language/agg_functions/reference.md index c33d258d63d..ace9f5769b3 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/agg_functions/reference.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/agg_functions/reference.md @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ anyHeavy(column) **Example** -Take the [OnTime](../../getting_started/example_datasets/ontime.md#example_datasets-ontime) data set and select any frequently occurring value in the `AirlineID` column. +Take the [OnTime](../../getting_started/example_datasets/ontime.md) data set and select any frequently occurring value in the `AirlineID` column. ``` sql SELECT anyHeavy(AirlineID) AS res @@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ We recommend using the `N < 10 ` value; performance is reduced with large `N` va **Example** -Take the [OnTime](../../getting_started/example_datasets/ontime.md#example_datasets-ontime) data set and select the three most frequently occurring values in the `AirlineID` column. +Take the [OnTime](../../getting_started/example_datasets/ontime.md) data set and select the three most frequently occurring values in the `AirlineID` column. ``` sql SELECT topK(3)(AirlineID) AS res diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/alter.md b/docs/en/query_language/alter.md index fbdc5c79ae1..59c88b169a4 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/alter.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/alter.md @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ MODIFY ORDER BY new_expression It only works for tables in the [`MergeTree`](../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md) family (including [replicated](../operations/table_engines/replication.md) tables). The command changes the -[sorting key](../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-sorting_key) of the table +[sorting key](../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md) of the table to `new_expression` (an expression or a tuple of expressions). Primary key remains the same. The command is lightweight in a sense that it only changes metadata. To keep the property that data part diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md b/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md index 8840218e49f..6b807289ed6 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md @@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ # External Dictionaries -You can add your own dictionaries from various data sources. The data source for a dictionary can be a local text or executable file, an HTTP(s) resource, or another DBMS. For more information, see "[Sources for external dictionaries](external_dicts_dict_sources.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources)". +You can add your own dictionaries from various data sources. The data source for a dictionary can be a local text or executable file, an HTTP(s) resource, or another DBMS. For more information, see "[Sources for external dictionaries](external_dicts_dict_sources.md)". ClickHouse: > - Fully or partially stores dictionaries in RAM. - Periodically updates dictionaries and dynamically loads missing values. In other words, dictionaries can be loaded dynamically. -The configuration of external dictionaries is located in one or more files. The path to the configuration is specified in the [dictionaries_config](../../operations/server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-dictionaries_config) parameter. +The configuration of external dictionaries is located in one or more files. The path to the configuration is specified in the [dictionaries_config](../../operations/server_settings/settings.md) parameter. -Dictionaries can be loaded at server startup or at first use, depending on the [dictionaries_lazy_load](../../operations/server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-dictionaries_lazy_load) setting. +Dictionaries can be loaded at server startup or at first use, depending on the [dictionaries_lazy_load](../../operations/server_settings/settings.md) setting. The dictionary config file has the following format: @@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ The dictionary config file has the following format: ``` -You can [configure](external_dicts_dict.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict) any number of dictionaries in the same file. The file format is preserved even if there is only one dictionary (i.e. ` diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict.md b/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict.md index ca070c8084b..bbfe6d82a72 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict.md @@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ The dictionary configuration has the following structure: ``` - name – The identifier that can be used to access the dictionary. Use the characters `[a-zA-Z0-9_\-]`. -- [source](external_dicts_dict_sources.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources) — Source of the dictionary. -- [layout](external_dicts_dict_layout.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout) — Dictionary layout in memory. -- [structure](external_dicts_dict_structure.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_structure) — Structure of the dictionary . A key and attributes that can be retrieved by this key. -- [lifetime](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_lifetime) — Frequency of dictionary updates. +- [source](external_dicts_dict_sources.md) — Source of the dictionary. +- [layout](external_dicts_dict_layout.md) — Dictionary layout in memory. +- [structure](external_dicts_dict_structure.md) — Structure of the dictionary . A key and attributes that can be retrieved by this key. +- [lifetime](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md) — Frequency of dictionary updates. [Original article](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict/) diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_layout.md b/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_layout.md index 932d90db605..150f129ce94 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_layout.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_layout.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ # Storing Dictionaries in Memory -There are a [variety of ways](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-manner) to store dictionaries in memory. +There are a [variety of ways]() to store dictionaries in memory. -We recommend [flat](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-flat), [hashed](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-hashed)and[complex_key_hashed](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-complex_key_hashed). which provide optimal processing speed. +We recommend [flat](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-flat), [hashed](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-hashed)and[complex_key_hashed](). which provide optimal processing speed. -Caching is not recommended because of potentially poor performance and difficulties in selecting optimal parameters. Read more in the section "[cache](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-cache)". +Caching is not recommended because of potentially poor performance and difficulties in selecting optimal parameters. Read more in the section "[cache]()". There are several ways to improve dictionary performance: @@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ The configuration looks like this: ## Ways to Store Dictionaries in Memory -- [flat](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-flat) -- [hashed](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-hashed) -- [cache](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-cache) -- [range_hashed](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-range_hashed) -- [complex_key_hashed](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-complex_key_hashed) -- [complex_key_cache](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-complex_key_cache) -- [ip_trie](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-ip_trie) +- [flat]() +- [hashed]() +- [cache]() +- [range_hashed]() +- [complex_key_hashed]() +- [complex_key_cache]() +- [ip_trie]() @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Configuration example: ### complex_key_hashed -This type of storage is for use with composite [keys](external_dicts_dict_structure.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_structure). Similar to `hashed`. +This type of storage is for use with composite [keys](external_dicts_dict_structure.md). Similar to `hashed`. Configuration example: @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ Example: The table contains discounts for each advertiser in the format: +---------------+---------------------+-------------------+--------+ ``` -To use a sample for date ranges, define the `range_min` and `range_max` elements in the [structure](external_dicts_dict_structure.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_structure). +To use a sample for date ranges, define the `range_min` and `range_max` elements in the [structure](external_dicts_dict_structure.md). Example: @@ -193,13 +193,12 @@ The dictionary is stored in a cache that has a fixed number of cells. These cell When searching for a dictionary, the cache is searched first. For each block of data, all keys that are not found in the cache or are outdated are requested from the source using ` SELECT attrs... FROM db.table WHERE id IN (k1, k2, ...)`. The received data is then written to the cache. -For cache dictionaries, the expiration [lifetime](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_lifetime) of data in the cache can be set. If more time than `lifetime` has passed since loading the data in a cell, the cell's value is not used, and it is re-requested the next time it needs to be used. - +For cache dictionaries, the expiration [lifetime](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md This is the least effective of all the ways to store dictionaries. The speed of the cache depends strongly on correct settings and the usage scenario. A cache type dictionary performs well only when the hit rates are high enough (recommended 99% and higher). You can view the average hit rate in the `system.dictionaries` table. To improve cache performance, use a subquery with ` LIMIT`, and call the function with the dictionary externally. -Supported [sources](external_dicts_dict_sources.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources): MySQL, ClickHouse, executable, HTTP. +Supported [sources](external_dicts_dict_sources.md): MySQL, ClickHouse, executable, HTTP. Example of settings: @@ -226,7 +225,7 @@ Set a large enough cache size. You need to experiment to select the number of ce ### complex_key_cache -This type of storage is for use with composite [keys](external_dicts_dict_structure.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_structure). Similar to `cache`. +This type of storage is for use with composite [keys](external_dicts_dict_structure.md). Similar to `cache`. diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md b/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md index 7ce661ab5a8..b8df6bebedc 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Example of settings: ``` -When upgrading the dictionaries, the ClickHouse server applies different logic depending on the type of [ source](external_dicts_dict_sources.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources): +When upgrading the dictionaries, the ClickHouse server applies different logic depending on the type of [ source](external_dicts_dict_sources.md): - For a text file, it checks the time of modification. If the time differs from the previously recorded time, the dictionary is updated. - For MyISAM tables, the time of modification is checked using a `SHOW TABLE STATUS` query. @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ When upgrading the dictionaries, the ClickHouse server applies different logic d For MySQL (InnoDB), ODBC and ClickHouse sources, you can set up a query that will update the dictionaries only if they really changed, rather than each time. To do this, follow these steps: - The dictionary table must have a field that always changes when the source data is updated. -- The settings of the source must specify a query that retrieves the changing field. The ClickHouse server interprets the query result as a row, and if this row has changed relative to its previous state, the dictionary is updated. Specify the query in the `` field in the settings for the [source](external_dicts_dict_sources.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources). +- The settings of the source must specify a query that retrieves the changing field. The ClickHouse server interprets the query result as a row, and if this row has changed relative to its previous state, the dictionary is updated. Specify the query in the `` field in the settings for the [source](external_dicts_dict_sources.md). Example of settings: diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_sources.md b/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_sources.md index 01952e18717..ef61edbf1a2 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_sources.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_sources.md @@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ The source is configured in the `source` section. Types of sources (`source_type`): -- [Local file](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-local_file) -- [Executable file](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-executable) -- [HTTP(s)](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-http) +- [Local file]() +- [Executable file]() +- [HTTP(s)]() - DBMS - - [MySQL](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-mysql) - - [ClickHouse](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-clickhouse) - - [MongoDB](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-mongodb) - - [ODBC](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-odbc) + - [MySQL]() + - [ClickHouse]() + - [MongoDB]() + - [ODBC]() @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Setting fields: ## Executable File -Working with executable files depends on [how the dictionary is stored in memory](external_dicts_dict_layout.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout). If the dictionary is stored using `cache` and `complex_key_cache`, ClickHouse requests the necessary keys by sending a request to the executable file's `STDIN`. +Working with executable files depends on [how the dictionary is stored in memory](external_dicts_dict_layout.md). If the dictionary is stored using `cache` and `complex_key_cache`, ClickHouse requests the necessary keys by sending a request to the executable file's `STDIN`. Example of settings: @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Setting fields: ## HTTP(s) -Working with an HTTP(s) server depends on [how the dictionary is stored in memory](external_dicts_dict_layout.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout). If the dictionary is stored using `cache` and `complex_key_cache`, ClickHouse requests the necessary keys by sending a request via the `POST` method. +Working with an HTTP(s) server depends on [how the dictionary is stored in memory](external_dicts_dict_layout.md). If the dictionary is stored using `cache` and `complex_key_cache`, ClickHouse requests the necessary keys by sending a request via the `POST` method. Example of settings: @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Example of settings: ``` -In order for ClickHouse to access an HTTPS resource, you must [configure openSSL](../../operations/server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-openSSL) in the server configuration. +In order for ClickHouse to access an HTTPS resource, you must [configure openSSL](../../operations/server_settings/settings.md) in the server configuration. Setting fields: @@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ Setting fields: - `db` – Name of the database. Omit it if the database name is set in the `` parameters. - `table` – Name of the table and schema if exists. - `connection_string` – Connection string. -- `invalidate_query` – Query for checking the dictionary status. Optional parameter. Read more in the section [Updating dictionaries](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_lifetime). +- `invalidate_query` – Query for checking the dictionary status. Optional parameter. Read more in the section [Updating dictionaries](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md). ClickHouse receives quoting symbols from ODBC-driver and quote all settings in queries to driver, so it's necessary to set table name accordingly to table name case in database. @@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ Setting fields: - `where ` – The selection criteria. Optional parameter. -- `invalidate_query` – Query for checking the dictionary status. Optional parameter. Read more in the section [Updating dictionaries](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_lifetime). +- `invalidate_query` – Query for checking the dictionary status. Optional parameter. Read more in the section [Updating dictionaries](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md). MySQL can be connected on a local host via sockets. To do this, set `host` and `socket`. @@ -393,14 +393,14 @@ Example of settings: Setting fields: -- `host` – The ClickHouse host. If it is a local host, the query is processed without any network activity. To improve fault tolerance, you can create a [Distributed](../../operations/table_engines/distributed.md#table_engines-distributed) table and enter it in subsequent configurations. +- `host` – The ClickHouse host. If it is a local host, the query is processed without any network activity. To improve fault tolerance, you can create a [Distributed](../../operations/table_engines/distributed.md) table and enter it in subsequent configurations. - `port` – The port on the ClickHouse server. - `user` – Name of the ClickHouse user. - `password` – Password of the ClickHouse user. - `db` – Name of the database. - `table` – Name of the table. - `where ` – The selection criteria. May be omitted. -- `invalidate_query` – Query for checking the dictionary status. Optional parameter. Read more in the section [Updating dictionaries](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_lifetime). +- `invalidate_query` – Query for checking the dictionary status. Optional parameter. Read more in the section [Updating dictionaries](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md). diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_structure.md b/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_structure.md index b499a474a4d..eb8f46dba66 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_structure.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_structure.md @@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ Overall structure: Columns are described in the structure: -- `` - [key column](external_dicts_dict_structure.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_structure-key). -- `` - [data column](external_dicts_dict_structure.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_structure-attributes). There can be a large number of columns. +- `` - [key column](external_dicts_dict_structure.md). +- `` - [data column](external_dicts_dict_structure.md). There can be a large number of columns. @@ -60,12 +60,12 @@ Configuration fields: ### Composite Key -The key can be a `tuple` from any types of fields. The [layout](external_dicts_dict_layout.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout) in this case must be `complex_key_hashed` or `complex_key_cache`. +The key can be a `tuple` from any types of fields. The [layout](external_dicts_dict_layout.md) in this case must be `complex_key_hashed` or `complex_key_cache`. !!! tip A composite key can consist of a single element. This makes it possible to use a string as the key, for instance. -The key structure is set in the element ``. Key fields are specified in the same format as the dictionary [attributes](external_dicts_dict_structure.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_structure-attributes). Example: +The key structure is set in the element ``. Key fields are specified in the same format as the dictionary [attributes](external_dicts_dict_structure.md). Example: ```xml diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/dicts/index.md b/docs/en/query_language/dicts/index.md index 1c61a6534f6..a553a51fb28 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/dicts/index.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/dicts/index.md @@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ A dictionary is a mapping (`key -> attributes`) that is convenient for various t ClickHouse supports special functions for working with dictionaries that can be used in queries. It is easier and more efficient to use dictionaries with functions than a `JOIN` with reference tables. -[NULL](../syntax.md#null-literal) values can't be stored in a dictionary. +[NULL](../syntax.md) values can't be stored in a dictionary. ClickHouse supports: - [Built-in dictionaries](internal_dicts.md#internal_dicts) with a specific [set of functions](../functions/ym_dict_functions.md#ym_dict_functions). -- [Plug-in (external) dictionaries](external_dicts.md#dicts-external_dicts) with a [set of functions](../functions/ext_dict_functions.md#ext_dict_functions). +- [Plug-in (external) dictionaries](external_dicts.md) with a [set of functions](../functions/ext_dict_functions.md#ext_dict_functions). [Original article](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/query_language/dicts/) diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/functions/array_functions.md b/docs/en/query_language/functions/array_functions.md index 1a8858b8dcc..975fd9022cb 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/functions/array_functions.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/functions/array_functions.md @@ -55,8 +55,7 @@ arrayConcat(arrays) **Parameters** -- `arrays` – Arbitrary number of arguments of [Array][../../data_types/array.md#data_type-array] type. - +- `arrays` – Arbitrary number of arguments of [Array][../../data_types/array.md **Example** ``` sql diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/functions/ext_dict_functions.md b/docs/en/query_language/functions/ext_dict_functions.md index ea692769404..d7b40ff6d6d 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/functions/ext_dict_functions.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/functions/ext_dict_functions.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ # Functions for working with external dictionaries -For information on connecting and configuring external dictionaries, see "[External dictionaries](../dicts/external_dicts.md#dicts-external_dicts)". +For information on connecting and configuring external dictionaries, see "[External dictionaries](../dicts/external_dicts.md)". ## dictGetUInt8, dictGetUInt16, dictGetUInt32, dictGetUInt64 diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/functions/functions_for_nulls.md b/docs/en/query_language/functions/functions_for_nulls.md index d25de3332e5..67927dc879a 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/functions/functions_for_nulls.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/functions/functions_for_nulls.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ## isNull -Checks whether the argument is [NULL](../syntax.md#null-literal). +Checks whether the argument is [NULL](../syntax.md). ``` isNull(x) @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ WHERE isNull(y) ## isNotNull -Checks whether the argument is [NULL](../syntax.md#null-literal). +Checks whether the argument is [NULL](../syntax.md). ``` isNotNull(x) @@ -207,8 +207,7 @@ SELECT nullIf(1, 2) ## assumeNotNull -Results in a value of type [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable) for a non- `Nullable`, if the value is not `NULL`. - +Results in a value of type [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md ``` assumeNotNull(x) ``` diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/functions/geo.md b/docs/en/query_language/functions/geo.md index 0620dbbe776..13fc8673746 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/functions/geo.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/functions/geo.md @@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ pointInPolygon((x, y), [(a, b), (c, d) ...], ...) **Input values** -- `(x, y)` — Coordinates of a point on the plane. Data type — [Tuple](../../data_types/tuple.md#data_type-tuple) — A tuple of two numbers. -- `[(a, b), (c, d) ...]` — Polygon vertices. Data type — [Array](../../data_types/array.md#data_type-array). Each vertex is represented by a pair of coordinates `(a, b)`. Vertices should be specified in a clockwise or counterclockwise order. The minimum number of vertices is 3. The polygon must be constant. +- `(x, y)` — Coordinates of a point on the plane. Data type — [Tuple](../../data_types/tuple.md) — A tuple of two numbers. +- `[(a, b), (c, d) ...]` — Polygon vertices. Data type — [Array](../../data_types/array.md). Each vertex is represented by a pair of coordinates `(a, b)`. Vertices should be specified in a clockwise or counterclockwise order. The minimum number of vertices is 3. The polygon must be constant. - The function also supports polygons with holes (cut out sections). In this case, add polygons that define the cut out sections using additional arguments of the function. The function does not support non-simply-connected polygons. **Returned values** diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/functions/in_functions.md b/docs/en/query_language/functions/in_functions.md index 3e267e55dd7..be43498c5a4 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/functions/in_functions.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/functions/in_functions.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ## in, notIn, globalIn, globalNotIn -See the section [IN operators](../select.md/#query_language-in_operators). +See the section [IN operators](../select.md/). ## tuple(x, y, ...), operator (x, y, ...) diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/functions/other_functions.md b/docs/en/query_language/functions/other_functions.md index a8090fc30d4..674fd97ae08 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/functions/other_functions.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/functions/other_functions.md @@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ Accepts a MAC address in the format AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF (colon-separated numbers i ## getSizeOfEnumType -Returns the number of fields in [Enum](../../data_types/enum.md#data_type-enum). +Returns the number of fields in [Enum](../../data_types/enum.md). ``` getSizeOfEnumType(value) @@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ defaultValueOfArgumentType(expression) - `0` for numbers. - Empty string for strings. -- `ᴺᵁᴸᴸ` for [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable). +- `ᴺᵁᴸᴸ` for [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md). **Example** @@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ The expression passed to the function is not calculated, but ClickHouse applies **Example** -Here is a table with the test data for [ontime](../../getting_started/example_datasets/ontime.md#example_datasets-ontime). +Here is a table with the test data for [ontime](../../getting_started/example_datasets/ontime.md). ``` SELECT count() FROM ontime diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/functions/type_conversion_functions.md b/docs/en/query_language/functions/type_conversion_functions.md index 9753533e2e3..9eff4491bc6 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/functions/type_conversion_functions.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/functions/type_conversion_functions.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ ## toDecimal32(value, S), toDecimal64(value, S), toDecimal128(value, S) -Converts `value` to [Decimal](../../data_types/decimal.md#data_type-decimal) of precision `S`. The `value` can be a number or a string. The `S` (scale) parameter specifies the number of decimal places. +Converts `value` to [Decimal](../../data_types/decimal.md) of precision `S`. The `value` can be a number or a string. The `S` (scale) parameter specifies the number of decimal places. ## toString @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ SELECT Conversion to FixedString(N) only works for arguments of type String or FixedString(N). -Type conversion to [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable) and back is supported. Example: +Type conversion to [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md) and back is supported. Example: ``` SELECT toTypeName(x) FROM t_null diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/index.md b/docs/en/query_language/index.md index bc8b8cfd876..3f0ba2c8a51 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/index.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/index.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ # SQL Reference * [SELECT](select.md#select) -* [INSERT INTO](insert_into.md#queries-insert) -* [CREATE](create.md#create-database) +* [INSERT INTO](insert_into.md) +* [CREATE](create.md) * [ALTER](alter.md#query_language_queries_alter) -* [Other types of queries](misc.md#miscellanous-queries) +* [Other types of queries](misc.md) [Original article](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/query_language/) diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/insert_into.md b/docs/en/query_language/insert_into.md index 8af0c949191..9b1edab2ac8 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/insert_into.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/insert_into.md @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ The query can specify a list of columns to insert `[(c1, c2, c3)]`. In this case - The values calculated from the `DEFAULT` expressions specified in the table definition. - Zeros and empty strings, if `DEFAULT` expressions are not defined. -If [strict_insert_defaults=1](../operations/settings/settings.md#settings-strict_insert_defaults), columns that do not have `DEFAULT` defined must be listed in the query. +If [strict_insert_defaults=1](../operations/settings/settings.md), columns that do not have `DEFAULT` defined must be listed in the query. Data can be passed to the INSERT in any [format](../interfaces/formats.md#formats) supported by ClickHouse. The format must be specified explicitly in the query: diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/misc.md b/docs/en/query_language/misc.md index 16b2b7a007c..148f4fe69f9 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/misc.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/misc.md @@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ TRUNCATE TABLE [IF EXISTS] [db.]name [ON CLUSTER cluster] Removes all data from a table. When the clause `IF EXISTS` is omitted, the query returns an error if the table does not exist. -The `TRUNCATE` query is not supported for [View](../operations/table_engines/view.md#table_engines-view), [File](../operations/table_engines/file.md#table_engines-file), [URL](../operations/table_engines/url.md#table_engines-url) and [Null](../operations/table_engines/null.md#table_engines-null) table engines. +The `TRUNCATE` query is not supported for [View](../operations/table_engines/view.md#table_engines-view), [File](../operations/table_engines/file.md#table_engines-file), [URL](../operations/table_engines/url.md#table_engines-url) and [Null](../operations/table_engines/null.md) table engines. ## USE diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/operators.md b/docs/en/query_language/operators.md index 35ce7ced71e..cef9ec07f99 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/operators.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/operators.md @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Groups of operators are listed in order of priority (the higher it is in the lis ## Operators for Working With Data Sets -*See the section [IN operators](select.md/#query_language-in_operators).* +*See the section [IN operators](select.md/).* `a IN ...` – The `in(a, b) function` @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ ClickHouse supports the `IS NULL` and `IS NOT NULL` operators. ### IS NULL -- For [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable) type values, the `IS NULL` operator returns: +- For [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md) type values, the `IS NULL` operator returns: - `1`, if the value is `NULL`. - `0` otherwise. - For other values, the `IS NULL` operator always returns `0`. @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ WHERE isNull(y) ### IS NOT NULL -- For [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable) type values, the `IS NOT NULL` operator returns: +- For [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md) type values, the `IS NOT NULL` operator returns: - `0`, if the value is `NULL`. - `1` otherwise. - For other values, the `IS NOT NULL` operator always returns `1`. diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/select.md b/docs/en/query_language/select.md index b93fb23cba4..8eda93e5a4e 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/select.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/select.md @@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ The corresponding conversion can be performed before the WHERE/PREWHERE clause ( Joins the data in the usual [SQL JOIN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)) sense. !!! info "Note" - Not related to [ARRAY JOIN](#select-array-join). + Not related to [ARRAY JOIN](). ``` sql @@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ FROM (ON )|(USING ) ... ``` -The table names can be specified instead of `` and ``. This is equivalent to the `SELECT * FROM table` subquery, except in a special case when the table has the [Join](../operations/table_engines/join.md#table-engine-join) engine – an array prepared for joining. +The table names can be specified instead of `` and ``. This is equivalent to the `SELECT * FROM table` subquery, except in a special case when the table has the [Join](../operations/table_engines/join.md) engine – an array prepared for joining. **Supported types of `JOIN`** @@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ You may skip the `OUTER` keyword it is implied by default. If `ALL` is specified and the right table has several matching rows, the data will be multiplied by the number of these rows. It is a normal `JOIN` behavior from standard SQL. If `ANY` is specified and the right table has several matching rows, only the first one found is joined. If the right table has only one matching row, the results of `ANY` and `ALL` are the same. -You can set the default value of strictness with session configuration parameter [join_default_strictness](../operations/settings/settings.md#session-setting-join_default_strictness). +You can set the default value of strictness with session configuration parameter [join_default_strictness](../operations/settings/settings.md). **`GLOBAL` distribution** @@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ When using a normal `JOIN`, the query is sent to remote servers. Subqueries are When using `GLOBAL ... JOIN`, first the requestor server runs a subquery to calculate the right table. This temporary table is passed to each remote server, and queries are run on them using the temporary data that was transmitted. -Be careful when using `GLOBAL`. For more information, see the section [Distributed subqueries](#queries-distributed-subqueries). +Be careful when using `GLOBAL`. For more information, see the section [Distributed subqueries](). **Usage Recommendations** @@ -439,13 +439,13 @@ Each time a query is run with the same `JOIN`, the subquery is run again – the In some cases, it is more efficient to use `IN` instead of `JOIN`. Among the various types of `JOIN`, the most efficient is `ANY LEFT JOIN`, then `ANY INNER JOIN`. The least efficient are `ALL LEFT JOIN` and `ALL INNER JOIN`. -If you need a `JOIN` for joining with dimension tables (these are relatively small tables that contain dimension properties, such as names for advertising campaigns), a `JOIN` might not be very convenient due to the bulky syntax and the fact that the right table is re-accessed for every query. For such cases, there is an "external dictionaries" feature that you should use instead of `JOIN`. For more information, see the section [External dictionaries](dicts/external_dicts.md#dicts-external_dicts). +If you need a `JOIN` for joining with dimension tables (these are relatively small tables that contain dimension properties, such as names for advertising campaigns), a `JOIN` might not be very convenient due to the bulky syntax and the fact that the right table is re-accessed for every query. For such cases, there is an "external dictionaries" feature that you should use instead of `JOIN`. For more information, see the section [External dictionaries](dicts/external_dicts.md). #### NULL processing -The JOIN behavior is affected by the [join_use_nulls](../operations/settings/settings.md#settings-join_use_nulls) setting. With `join_use_nulls=1`, `JOIN` works like in standard SQL. +The JOIN behavior is affected by the [join_use_nulls](../operations/settings/settings.md) setting. With `join_use_nulls=1`, `JOIN` works like in standard SQL. -If the JOIN keys are [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md#data_types-nullable) fields, the rows where at least one of the keys has the value [NULL](syntax.md#null-literal) are not joined. +If the JOIN keys are [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md#data_types-nullable) fields, the rows where at least one of the keys has the value [NULL](syntax.md) are not joined. @@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ A constant can't be specified as arguments for aggregate functions. Example: sum #### NULL processing -For grouping, ClickHouse interprets [NULL](syntax.md#null-literal) as a value, and `NULL=NULL`. +For grouping, ClickHouse interprets [NULL](syntax.md) as a value, and `NULL=NULL`. Here's an example to show what this means. @@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ The result will be the same as if GROUP BY were specified across all the fields DISTINCT is not supported if SELECT has at least one array column. -`DISTINCT` works with [NULL](syntax.md#null-literal) as if `NULL` were a specific value, and `NULL=NULL`. In other words, in the `DISTINCT` results, different combinations with `NULL` only occur once. +`DISTINCT` works with [NULL](syntax.md) as if `NULL` were a specific value, and `NULL=NULL`. In other words, in the `DISTINCT` results, different combinations with `NULL` only occur once. ### LIMIT Clause @@ -819,7 +819,7 @@ A subquery in the IN clause is always run just one time on a single server. Ther #### NULL processing -During request processing, the IN operator assumes that the result of an operation with [NULL](syntax.md#null-literal) is always equal to `0`, regardless of whether `NULL` is on the right or left side of the operator. `NULL` values are not included in any dataset, do not correspond to each other and cannot be compared. +During request processing, the IN operator assumes that the result of an operation with [NULL](syntax.md) is always equal to `0`, regardless of whether `NULL` is on the right or left side of the operator. `NULL` values are not included in any dataset, do not correspond to each other and cannot be compared. Here is an example with the `t_null` table: @@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ FROM t_null There are two options for IN-s with subqueries (similar to JOINs): normal `IN` / `JOIN` and `GLOBAL IN` / `GLOBAL JOIN`. They differ in how they are run for distributed query processing. !!! attention - Remember that the algorithms described below may work differently depending on the [settings](../operations/settings/settings.md#settings-distributed_product_mode) `distributed_product_mode` setting. + Remember that the algorithms described below may work differently depending on the [settings](../operations/settings/settings.md) `distributed_product_mode` setting. When using the regular IN, the query is sent to remote servers, and each of them runs the subqueries in the `IN` or `JOIN` clause. diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/syntax.md b/docs/en/query_language/syntax.md index 3ab5d44a526..cd8152664b4 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/syntax.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/syntax.md @@ -78,13 +78,13 @@ Tuples have a special purpose for use in the IN clause of a SELECT query. Tuples Indicates that the value is missing. -In order to store `NULL` in a table field, it must be of the [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable) type. +In order to store `NULL` in a table field, it must be of the [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md) type. Depending on the data format (input or output), `NULL` may have a different representation. For more information, see the documentation for [data formats](../interfaces/formats.md#formats). There are many nuances to processing `NULL`. For example, if at least one of the arguments of a comparison operation is `NULL`, the result of this operation will also be `NULL`. The same is true for multiplication, addition, and other operations. For more information, read the documentation for each operation. -In queries, you can check `NULL` using the [IS NULL](operators.md#operator-is-null) and [IS NOT NULL](operators.md#operator-is-not-null) operators and the related functions `isNull` and `isNotNull`. +In queries, you can check `NULL` using the [IS NULL](operators.md#operator-is-null) and [IS NOT NULL](operators.md) operators and the related functions `isNull` and `isNotNull`. ## Functions @@ -113,13 +113,13 @@ expr AS alias For example, `SELECT b.column_name from t b`. - In the [CAST function](functions/type_conversion_functions.md#type_conversion_function-cast), the `AS` keyword has another meaning. See the description of the function. + In the [CAST function](functions/type_conversion_functions.md), the `AS` keyword has another meaning. See the description of the function. - `expr` — any expression supported by ClickHouse. For example `SELECT column_name * 2 AS double FROM some_table`. -- `alias` — [string literal](#syntax-string_literal). If an alias contains spaces, enclose it in double quotes or backticks. +- `alias` — [string literal](). If an alias contains spaces, enclose it in double quotes or backticks. For example, `SELECT "table t".col_name FROM t AS "table t"`. diff --git a/docs/en/query_language/table_functions/remote.md b/docs/en/query_language/table_functions/remote.md index 834dbf30be7..49ba0f83cc3 100644 --- a/docs/en/query_language/table_functions/remote.md +++ b/docs/en/query_language/table_functions/remote.md @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ example01-{01..02}-1 If you have multiple pairs of curly brackets, it generates the direct product of the corresponding sets. -Addresses and parts of addresses in curly brackets can be separated by the pipe symbol (|). In this case, the corresponding sets of addresses are interpreted as replicas, and the query will be sent to the first healthy replica. However, the replicas are iterated in the order currently set in the [load_balancing](../../operations/settings/settings.md#settings-load_balancing) setting. +Addresses and parts of addresses in curly brackets can be separated by the pipe symbol (|). In this case, the corresponding sets of addresses are interpreted as replicas, and the query will be sent to the first healthy replica. However, the replicas are iterated in the order currently set in the [load_balancing](../../operations/settings/settings.md) setting. Example: diff --git a/docs/fa/data_types/float.md b/docs/fa/data_types/float.md index 77a17d6eca7..6c48b71d9a4 100644 --- a/docs/fa/data_types/float.md +++ b/docs/fa/data_types/float.md @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ SELECT 0 / 0
-قوانین مربوط به مرتب سازی ` Nan ` را در بخش [ORDER BY clause](../query_language/select.md#query_language-queries-order_by) ببینید. +قوانین مربوط به مرتب سازی ` Nan ` را در بخش [ORDER BY clause](../query_language/select.md) ببینید.
[مقاله اصلی](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/fa/data_types/float/) diff --git a/docs/fa/images/column_oriented.gif b/docs/fa/images/column_oriented.gif index 15f4b12e697..5a0e5b8e15e 100644 Binary files a/docs/fa/images/column_oriented.gif and b/docs/fa/images/column_oriented.gif differ diff --git a/docs/fa/images/row_oriented.gif b/docs/fa/images/row_oriented.gif index 53daa20f322..6e7c5889ccf 100644 Binary files a/docs/fa/images/row_oriented.gif and b/docs/fa/images/row_oriented.gif differ diff --git a/docs/fa/interfaces/formats.md b/docs/fa/interfaces/formats.md index 197946df71d..37257453d50 100644 --- a/docs/fa/interfaces/formats.md +++ b/docs/fa/interfaces/formats.md @@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ struct Message {
-فایل های Schema در فایلی قرار دارند که این فایل در دایرکتوری مشخص شده کانفیگ [ format_schema_path](../operations/server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-format_schema_path) قرار گرفته اند. +فایل های Schema در فایلی قرار دارند که این فایل در دایرکتوری مشخص شده کانفیگ [ format_schema_path](../operations/server_settings/settings.md) قرار گرفته اند. عملیات Deserialization موثر است و معمولا لود سیستم را افزایش نمی دهد. diff --git a/docs/fa/introduction/distinctive_features.md b/docs/fa/introduction/distinctive_features.md index 94d4198e12e..1eafdbd6863 100644 --- a/docs/fa/introduction/distinctive_features.md +++ b/docs/fa/introduction/distinctive_features.md @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ ClickHouse روش های مختلفی برای کسب دقیق performance ار ClickHouse از روش asynchronous multimaster replication استفاده می کند. بعد از نوشتن داده در یکی از replica های موجود، داده به صورت توزیع شده به بقیه replica ها منتقل می شود. این سیستم داده های مشابه را در replica های مختلف نگه داری می کند. در اکثر موارد که سیستم fail می شوند، داده ها به صورت اتوماتیک restore می شوند و یا در موارد پیچیده به صورت نیمه اتوماتیک restore می شوند. -برای اطلاعات بیشتر، به بخش [replication داده ها](../operations/table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication) مراجعه کنید. +برای اطلاعات بیشتر، به بخش [replication داده ها](../operations/table_engines/replication.md) مراجعه کنید.
[مقاله اصلی](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/fa/introduction/distinctive_features/) diff --git a/docs/fa/introduction/performance.md b/docs/fa/introduction/performance.md index 2fb2a9dc036..517bb340198 100644 --- a/docs/fa/introduction/performance.md +++ b/docs/fa/introduction/performance.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ با توجه به نتایج تست های Yandex، ClickHouse بهترین عملکرد را برای سناریوهای عملیاتی قابل مقایسه با دیگر سیستم های در کلاس خود را از خود نشان داد. این تست ها شامل بالاترین توان عملیاتی برای query های طولانی، و کمترین latency برای query های کوتاه بود. نتایج این تست های در [صفحه ی جدا](https://clickhouse.yandex/benchmark.html) موجود است. -benchmark های زیادی وجود دارند که این نتایج را تایید می کنند. میتوانید این نتایج را جستجو کنید و یا [این لینک های benchmark](https://clickhouse.yandex/#independent-benchmarks). مستقل را ببینید. +benchmark های زیادی وجود دارند که این نتایج را تایید می کنند. میتوانید این نتایج را جستجو کنید و یا [این لینک های benchmark](https://clickhouse.yandex/). مستقل را ببینید. ## توان عملیاتی برای یک query بزرگ diff --git a/docs/ru/data_types/array.md b/docs/ru/data_types/array.md index 450c4cf5178..d1864c8e2d8 100644 --- a/docs/ru/data_types/array.md +++ b/docs/ru/data_types/array.md @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ SELECT ## Особенности работы с типами данных -При создании массива "на лету" ClickHouse автоматически определяет тип аргументов как наиболее узкий тип данных, в котором можно хранить все перечисленные аргументы. Если среди аргументов есть [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) или аргумент типа [Nullable](nullable.md#data_type-nullable), то тип элементов массива — [Nullable](nullable.md#data_type-nullable). +При создании массива "на лету" ClickHouse автоматически определяет тип аргументов как наиболее узкий тип данных, в котором можно хранить все перечисленные аргументы. Если среди аргументов есть [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) или аргумент типа [Nullable](nullable.md#data_type-nullable), то тип элементов массива — [Nullable](nullable.md). Если ClickHouse не смог подобрать тип данных, то он сгенерирует исключение. Это произойдёт, например, при попытке создать массив одновременно со строками и числами `SELECT array(1, 'a')`. diff --git a/docs/ru/data_types/enum.md b/docs/ru/data_types/enum.md index 62250d8667b..9c7a2bb79fb 100644 --- a/docs/ru/data_types/enum.md +++ b/docs/ru/data_types/enum.md @@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ SELECT toTypeName(CAST('a', 'Enum8(\'a\' = 1, \'b\' = 2)')) Для каждого из значений прописывается число в диапазоне `-128 .. 127` для `Enum8` или в диапазоне `-32768 .. 32767` для `Enum16`. Все строки должны быть разными, числа - тоже. Разрешена пустая строка. При указании такого типа (в определении таблицы), числа могут идти не подряд и в произвольном порядке. При этом, порядок не имеет значения. -Ни строка, ни цифровое значение в `Enum` не могут быть [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal). +Ни строка, ни цифровое значение в `Enum` не могут быть [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md). -`Enum` может быть передан в тип [Nullable](nullable.md#data_type-nullable). Таким образом, если создать таблицу запросом +`Enum` может быть передан в тип [Nullable](nullable.md). Таким образом, если создать таблицу запросом ``` CREATE TABLE t_enum_nullable diff --git a/docs/ru/data_types/float.md b/docs/ru/data_types/float.md index 8f50419cf92..395d53cda7d 100644 --- a/docs/ru/data_types/float.md +++ b/docs/ru/data_types/float.md @@ -65,6 +65,6 @@ SELECT 0 / 0 └──────────────┘ ``` - Смотрите правила сортировки `NaN` в разделе [Секция ORDER BY](../query_language/select.md#query_language-queries-order_by). + Смотрите правила сортировки `NaN` в разделе [Секция ORDER BY](../query_language/select.md). [Оригинальная статья](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/ru/data_types/float/) diff --git a/docs/ru/data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md b/docs/ru/data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md index 384a432b494..99bc4d9932e 100644 --- a/docs/ru/data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md +++ b/docs/ru/data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ CREATE TABLE t ) ENGINE = ... ``` -[uniq](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md#agg_function-uniq), anyIf ([any](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md#agg_function-any)+[If](../../query_language/agg_functions/combinators.md#agg-functions-combinator-if)) и [quantiles](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md#agg_function-quantiles) — агрегатные функции, поддержанные в ClickHouse. +[uniq](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md#agg_function-uniq), anyIf ([any](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md#agg_function-any)+[If](../../query_language/agg_functions/combinators.md#agg-functions-combinator-if)) и [quantiles](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md) — агрегатные функции, поддержанные в ClickHouse. ## Особенности использования @@ -60,6 +60,6 @@ SELECT uniqMerge(state) FROM (SELECT uniqState(UserID) AS state FROM table GROUP ## Пример использования -Смотрите в описании движка [AggregatingMergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/aggregatingmergetree.md#table_engine-aggregatingmergetree). +Смотрите в описании движка [AggregatingMergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/aggregatingmergetree.md). [Оригинальная статья](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/ru/data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction/) diff --git a/docs/ru/data_types/nullable.md b/docs/ru/data_types/nullable.md index e4b3bb830c7..0899e4b896c 100644 --- a/docs/ru/data_types/nullable.md +++ b/docs/ru/data_types/nullable.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ # Nullable(TypeName) -Позволяет работать как со значением типа `TypeName` так и с отсутствием этого значения ([NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal)) в одной и той же переменной, в том числе хранить `NULL` в таблицах вместе со значения типа `TypeName`. Например, в столбце типа `Nullable(Int8)` можно хранить значения типа `Int8`, а в тех строках, где значения нет, будет храниться `NULL`. +Позволяет работать как со значением типа `TypeName` так и с отсутствием этого значения ([NULL](../query_language/syntax.md)) в одной и той же переменной, в том числе хранить `NULL` в таблицах вместе со значения типа `TypeName`. Например, в столбце типа `Nullable(Int8)` можно хранить значения типа `Int8`, а в тех строках, где значения нет, будет храниться `NULL`. -В качестве `TypeName` нельзя использовать составные типы данных [Array](array.md#data_type-array) и [Tuple](tuple.md#data_type-tuple). Составные типы данных могут содержать значения типа `Nullable`, например `Array(Nullable(Int8))`. +В качестве `TypeName` нельзя использовать составные типы данных [Array](array.md#data_type-array) и [Tuple](tuple.md). Составные типы данных могут содержать значения типа `Nullable`, например `Array(Nullable(Int8))`. Поле типа `Nullable` нельзя включать в индексы. diff --git a/docs/ru/data_types/special_data_types/nothing.md b/docs/ru/data_types/special_data_types/nothing.md index c452aa2f198..296c2df9c91 100644 --- a/docs/ru/data_types/special_data_types/nothing.md +++ b/docs/ru/data_types/special_data_types/nothing.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ # Nothing -Этот тип данных предназначен только для того, чтобы представлять [NULL](../../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal), т.е. отсутствие значения. +Этот тип данных предназначен только для того, чтобы представлять [NULL](../../query_language/syntax.md), т.е. отсутствие значения. -Невозможно создать значение типа `Nothing`, поэтому он используется там, где значение не подразумевается. Например, `NULL` записывается как `Nullable(Nothing)` ([Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable) — это тип данных, позволяющий хранить `NULL` в таблицах). Также тип `Nothing` используется для обозначения пустых массивов: +Невозможно создать значение типа `Nothing`, поэтому он используется там, где значение не подразумевается. Например, `NULL` записывается как `Nullable(Nothing)` ([Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md) — это тип данных, позволяющий хранить `NULL` в таблицах). Также тип `Nothing` используется для обозначения пустых массивов: ```bash :) SELECT toTypeName(Array()) diff --git a/docs/ru/data_types/tuple.md b/docs/ru/data_types/tuple.md index ad761610b23..6d81ba36531 100644 --- a/docs/ru/data_types/tuple.md +++ b/docs/ru/data_types/tuple.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Кортеж из элементов любого [типа](index.md#data_types). Элементы кортежа могут быть одного или разных типов. -Кортежи нельзя хранить в таблицах (кроме таблиц типа Memory). Они используется для временной группировки столбцов. Столбцы могут группироваться при использовании выражения IN в запросе, а также для указания нескольких формальных параметров лямбда-функций. Подробнее смотрите разделы [Операторы IN](../query_language/select.md#query_language-in_operators), [Функции высшего порядка](../query_language/functions/higher_order_functions.md#higher_order_functions). +Кортежи нельзя хранить в таблицах (кроме таблиц типа Memory). Они используется для временной группировки столбцов. Столбцы могут группироваться при использовании выражения IN в запросе, а также для указания нескольких формальных параметров лямбда-функций. Подробнее смотрите разделы [Операторы IN](../query_language/select.md), [Функции высшего порядка](../query_language/functions/higher_order_functions.md#higher_order_functions). Кортежи могут быть результатом запроса. В этом случае, в текстовых форматах кроме JSON, значения выводятся в круглых скобках через запятую. В форматах JSON, кортежи выводятся в виде массивов (в квадратных скобках). @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ SELECT ## Особенности работы с типами данных -При создании кортежа "на лету" ClickHouse автоматически определяет тип каждого аргументов как минимальный из типов, который может сохранить значение аргумента. Если аргумент — [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal), то тип элемента кортежа — [Nullable](nullable.md#data_type-nullable). +При создании кортежа "на лету" ClickHouse автоматически определяет тип каждого аргументов как минимальный из типов, который может сохранить значение аргумента. Если аргумент — [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal), то тип элемента кортежа — [Nullable](nullable.md). Пример автоматического определения типа данных: diff --git a/docs/ru/images/column_oriented.gif b/docs/ru/images/column_oriented.gif index 15f4b12e697..5a0e5b8e15e 100644 Binary files a/docs/ru/images/column_oriented.gif and b/docs/ru/images/column_oriented.gif differ diff --git a/docs/ru/images/row_oriented.gif b/docs/ru/images/row_oriented.gif index 53daa20f322..6e7c5889ccf 100644 Binary files a/docs/ru/images/row_oriented.gif and b/docs/ru/images/row_oriented.gif differ diff --git a/docs/ru/interfaces/formats.md b/docs/ru/interfaces/formats.md index 1e8c8ac45aa..d09d53391df 100644 --- a/docs/ru/interfaces/formats.md +++ b/docs/ru/interfaces/formats.md @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ world Массивы форматируются в виде списка значений через запятую в квадратных скобках. Элементы массива - числа форматируются как обычно, а даты, даты-с-временем и строки - в одинарных кавычках с такими же правилами экранирования, как указано выше. -[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) форматируется в виде `\N`. +[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md) форматируется в виде `\N`. @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ SearchPhrase=дизайн штор count()=1064 SearchPhrase=баку count()=1000 ``` -[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) форматируется в виде `\N`. +[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md) форматируется в виде `\N`. ``` sql SELECT * FROM t_null FORMAT TSKV @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ JSON совместим с JavaScript. Для этого, дополнитель Этот формат подходит только для вывода результата выполнения запроса, но не для парсинга (приёма данных для вставки в таблицу). -ClickHouse поддерживает [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal), который при выводе JSON будет отображен как `null`. +ClickHouse поддерживает [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md), который при выводе JSON будет отображен как `null`. Смотрите также формат JSONEachRow. @@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ ClickHouse поддерживает [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-lite Рисуется полная сетка таблицы и, таким образом, каждая строчка занимает две строки в терминале. Каждый блок результата выводится в виде отдельной таблицы. Это нужно, чтобы можно было выводить блоки без буферизации результата (буферизация потребовалась бы, чтобы заранее вычислить видимую ширину всех значений.) -[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) выводится как `ᴺᵁᴸᴸ`. +[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md) выводится как `ᴺᵁᴸᴸ`. ``` sql SELECT * FROM t_null @@ -455,11 +455,10 @@ FixedString представлены просто как последовате Array представлены как длина в формате varint (unsigned [LEB128](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEB128)), а затем элементы массива, подряд. -Для поддержки [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) перед каждым значением типа [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable) в строке добавлен дополнительный байт, который содержит 1 или 0. Если 1, то значение — `NULL` и этот байт трактуется как отдельное значение. Если 0, то после байта идёт не `NULL`-значение. - +Для поддержки [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) перед каждым значением типа [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md ## Values -Выводит каждую строку в скобках. Строки разделены запятыми. После последней строки запятой нет. Значения внутри скобок также разделены запятыми. Числа выводятся в десятичном виде без кавычек. Массивы выводятся в квадратных скобках. Строки, даты, даты-с-временем выводятся в кавычках. Правила экранирования и особенности парсинга аналогичны формату [TabSeparated](#tabseparated). При форматировании, лишние пробелы не ставятся, а при парсинге - допустимы и пропускаются (за исключением пробелов внутри значений типа массив, которые недопустимы). [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) представляется как `NULL`. +Выводит каждую строку в скобках. Строки разделены запятыми. После последней строки запятой нет. Значения внутри скобок также разделены запятыми. Числа выводятся в десятичном виде без кавычек. Массивы выводятся в квадратных скобках. Строки, даты, даты-с-временем выводятся в кавычках. Правила экранирования и особенности парсинга аналогичны формату [TabSeparated](#tabseparated). При форматировании, лишние пробелы не ставятся, а при парсинге - допустимы и пропускаются (за исключением пробелов внутри значений типа массив, которые недопустимы). [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md) представляется как `NULL`. Минимальный набор символов, которых вам необходимо экранировать при передаче в Values формате: одинарная кавычка и обратный слеш. @@ -471,7 +470,7 @@ Array представлены как длина в формате varint (unsig Выводит каждое значение на отдельной строке, с указанием имени столбца. Формат удобно использовать для вывода одной-нескольких строк, если каждая строка состоит из большого количества столбцов. -[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) выводится как `ᴺᵁᴸᴸ`. +[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md) выводится как `ᴺᵁᴸᴸ`. Пример: @@ -614,7 +613,7 @@ struct Message { ``` -Файлы со схемами находятся в файле, который находится в каталоге указанном в параметре [format_schema_path](../operations/server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-format_schema_path) конфигурации сервера. +Файлы со схемами находятся в файле, который находится в каталоге указанном в параметре [format_schema_path](../operations/server_settings/settings.md) конфигурации сервера. Десериализация эффективна и обычно не повышает нагрузку на систему. diff --git a/docs/ru/introduction/distinctive_features.md b/docs/ru/introduction/distinctive_features.md index db00c6af6c9..73d2826d16c 100644 --- a/docs/ru/introduction/distinctive_features.md +++ b/docs/ru/introduction/distinctive_features.md @@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ ClickHouse предоставляет различные способы разм ## Репликация данных и поддержка целостности -Используется асинхронная multimaster репликация. После записи на любую доступную реплику, данные распространяются на все остальные реплики в фоне. Система поддерживает полную идентичность данных на разных репликах. Восстановление после большинства сбоев осуществляется автоматически, а в сложных случаях — полуавтоматически. При необходимости, можно [включить кворумную запись](../operations/settings/settings.md#setting-insert_quorum) данных. +Используется асинхронная multimaster репликация. После записи на любую доступную реплику, данные распространяются на все остальные реплики в фоне. Система поддерживает полную идентичность данных на разных репликах. Восстановление после большинства сбоев осуществляется автоматически, а в сложных случаях — полуавтоматически. При необходимости, можно [включить кворумную запись](../operations/settings/settings.md) данных. -Подробнее смотрите раздел [Репликация данных](../operations/table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication). +Подробнее смотрите раздел [Репликация данных](../operations/table_engines/replication.md). [Оригинальная статья](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/ru/introduction/distinctive_features/) diff --git a/docs/ru/introduction/performance.md b/docs/ru/introduction/performance.md index f9ac886971f..09381117764 100644 --- a/docs/ru/introduction/performance.md +++ b/docs/ru/introduction/performance.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ По результатам внутреннего тестирования в Яндексе, ClickHouse обладает наиболее высокой производительностью (как наиболее высокой пропускной способностью на длинных запросах, так и наиболее низкой задержкой на коротких запросах), при соответствующем сценарии работы, среди доступных для тестирования систем подобного класса. Результаты тестирования можно посмотреть на [отдельной странице](https://clickhouse.yandex/benchmark.html). -Также это подтверждают многочисленные независимые бенчмарки. Их не сложно найти в Интернете самостоятельно, либо можно воспользоваться [небольшой коллекцией ссылок по теме](https://clickhouse.yandex/#independent-benchmarks). +Также это подтверждают многочисленные независимые бенчмарки. Их не сложно найти в Интернете самостоятельно, либо можно воспользоваться [небольшой коллекцией ссылок по теме](https://clickhouse.yandex/). ## Пропускная способность при обработке одного большого запроса diff --git a/docs/ru/operations/access_rights.md b/docs/ru/operations/access_rights.md index 93e496b3dc1..602b36e86f6 100644 --- a/docs/ru/operations/access_rights.md +++ b/docs/ru/operations/access_rights.md @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Здесь видно объявление двух пользователей - `default` и `web`. Пользователя `web` мы добавили самостоятельно. -Пользователь `default` выбирается в случаях, когда имя пользователя не передаётся. Также пользователь `default` может использоваться при распределённой обработке запроса - если в конфигурации кластера для сервера не указаны `user` и `password`. (см. раздел о движке [Distributed](../operations/table_engines/distributed.md#table_engines-distributed)). +Пользователь `default` выбирается в случаях, когда имя пользователя не передаётся. Также пользователь `default` может использоваться при распределённой обработке запроса - если в конфигурации кластера для сервера не указаны `user` и `password`. (см. раздел о движке [Distributed](../operations/table_engines/distributed.md)). Пользователь, который используется для обмена информацией между серверами, объединенными в кластер, не должен иметь существенных ограничений или квот - иначе распределённые запросы сломаются. @@ -87,8 +87,7 @@ Для продакшен использования, указывайте только элементы вида `ip` (IP-адреса и их маски), так как использование `host` и `host_regexp` может вызывать лишние задержки. -Далее указывается используемый профиль настроек пользователя (смотрите раздел "[Профили настроек](settings/settings_profiles.md#settings_profiles)"). Вы можете указать профиль по умолчанию - `default`. Профиль может называться как угодно; один и тот же профиль может быть указан для разных пользователей. Наиболее важная вещь, которую вы можете прописать в профиле настроек `readonly=1`, что обеспечивает доступ только на чтение. - +Далее указывается используемый профиль настроек пользователя (смотрите раздел "[Профили настроек](settings/settings_profiles.md Затем указывается используемая квота (смотрите раздел "[Квоты](quotas.md#quotas)"). Вы можете указать квоту по умолчанию — `default`. Она настроена в конфиге по умолчанию так, что только считает использование ресурсов, но никак их не ограничивает. Квота может называться как угодно. Одна и та же квота может быть указана для разных пользователей, в этом случае подсчёт использования ресурсов делается для каждого пользователя по отдельности. Также, в необязательном разделе `` можно указать перечень баз, к которым у пользователя будет доступ. По умолчанию пользователю доступны все базы. Можно указать базу данных `default`, в этом случае пользователь получит доступ к базе данных по умолчанию. diff --git a/docs/ru/operations/configuration_files.md b/docs/ru/operations/configuration_files.md index c99351f7308..00bb4865f36 100644 --- a/docs/ru/operations/configuration_files.md +++ b/docs/ru/operations/configuration_files.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Если указано `remove` - удалить элемент. -Также в конфиге могут быть указаны "подстановки". Если у элемента присутствует атрибут `incl`, то в качестве значения будет использована соответствующая подстановка из файла. По умолчанию, путь к файлу с подстановками - `/etc/metrika.xml`. Он может быть изменён в конфигурации сервера в элементе [include_from](server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-include_from). Значения подстановок указываются в элементах `/yandex/имя_подстановки` этого файла. Если подстановка, заданная в `incl` отсутствует, то в лог попадает соответствующая запись. Чтобы ClickHouse не писал в лог об отсутствии подстановки, необходимо указать атрибут `optional="true"` (например, настройка [macros](server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-macros)). +Также в конфиге могут быть указаны "подстановки". Если у элемента присутствует атрибут `incl`, то в качестве значения будет использована соответствующая подстановка из файла. По умолчанию, путь к файлу с подстановками - `/etc/metrika.xml`. Он может быть изменён в конфигурации сервера в элементе [include_from](server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-include_from). Значения подстановок указываются в элементах `/yandex/имя_подстановки` этого файла. Если подстановка, заданная в `incl` отсутствует, то в лог попадает соответствующая запись. Чтобы ClickHouse не писал в лог об отсутствии подстановки, необходимо указать атрибут `optional="true"` (например, настройка [macros](server_settings/settings.md)). Подстановки могут также выполняться из ZooKeeper. Для этого укажите у элемента атрибут `from_zk = "/path/to/node"`. Значение элемента заменится на содержимое узла `/path/to/node` в ZooKeeper. В ZooKeeper-узел также можно положить целое XML-поддерево, оно будет целиком вставлено в исходный элемент. diff --git a/docs/ru/operations/server_settings/settings.md b/docs/ru/operations/server_settings/settings.md index 3b6360ac9f8..bb86a77385c 100644 --- a/docs/ru/operations/server_settings/settings.md +++ b/docs/ru/operations/server_settings/settings.md @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ ClickHouse проверит условия `min_part_size` и `min_part_size_rat Профиль настроек по умолчанию. -Профили настроек находятся в файле, указанном в параметре [user_config](#server_settings-users_config). +Профили настроек находятся в файле, указанном в параметре [user_config](). **Пример** @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ ClickHouse проверит условия `min_part_size` и `min_part_size_rat - Указывается абсолютным или относительно конфигурационного файла сервера. - Может содержать wildcard-ы \* и ?. -Смотрите также "[Внешние словари](../../query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md#dicts-external_dicts)". +Смотрите также "[Внешние словари](../../query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md)". **Пример** @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ ClickHouse проверит условия `min_part_size` и `min_part_size_rat Настройка прореживания данных для Graphite. -Подробнее читайте в разделе [GraphiteMergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md#table_engines-graphitemergetree). +Подробнее читайте в разделе [GraphiteMergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md). **Пример** @@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ ClickHouse проверит условия `min_part_size` и `min_part_size_rat Порт для обращений к серверу по протоколу HTTP(s). -Если указан `https_port`, то требуется конфигурирование [openSSL](#server_settings-openSSL). +Если указан `https_port`, то требуется конфигурирование [openSSL](). Если указан `http_port`, то настройка openSSL игнорируется, даже если она задана. @@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ ClickHouse проверит условия `min_part_size` и `min_part_size_rat Можно не указывать, если реплицируемых таблицы не используются. -Подробнее смотрите в разделе "[Создание реплицируемых таблиц](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication-creation_of_rep_tables)". +Подробнее смотрите в разделе "[Создание реплицируемых таблиц](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md)". **Пример** @@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ ClickHouse проверит условия `min_part_size` и `min_part_size_rat ## mark_cache_size -Приблизительный размер (в байтах) кеша "засечек", используемых движками таблиц семейства [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). +Приблизительный размер (в байтах) кеша "засечек", используемых движками таблиц семейства [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md). Кеш общий для сервера, память выделяется по мере необходимости. Кеш не может быть меньше, чем 5368709120. @@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ ClickHouse проверит условия `min_part_size` и `min_part_size_rat Ограничение на удаление таблиц. -Если размер таблицы семейства [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree) превышает `max_table_size_to_drop` (в байтах), то ее нельзя удалить запросом DROP. +Если размер таблицы семейства [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md) превышает `max_table_size_to_drop` (в байтах), то ее нельзя удалить запросом DROP. Если таблицу все же необходимо удалить, не перезапуская при этом сервер ClickHouse, то необходимо создать файл `/flags/force_drop_table` и выполнить запрос DROP. @@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ ClickHouse проверит условия `min_part_size` и `min_part_size_rat ## merge_tree -Тонкая настройка таблиц семейства [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). +Тонкая настройка таблиц семейства [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md). Подробнее смотрите в заголовочном файле MergeTreeSettings.h. @@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ ClickHouse проверит условия `min_part_size` и `min_part_size_rat ## part_log -Логгирование событий, связанных с данными типа [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). Например, события добавления или мержа данных. Лог можно использовать для симуляции алгоритмов слияния, чтобы сравнивать их характеристики. Также, можно визуализировать процесс слияния. +Логгирование событий, связанных с данными типа [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md). Например, события добавления или мержа данных. Лог можно использовать для симуляции алгоритмов слияния, чтобы сравнивать их характеристики. Также, можно визуализировать процесс слияния. Запросы логгируются не в отдельный файл, а в таблицу ClickHouse. @@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ ClickHouse проверит условия `min_part_size` и `min_part_size_rat - database - Имя базы данных. - table - Имя таблицы. -- partition_by - Устанавливает [произвольный ключ партиционирования](../../operations/table_engines/custom_partitioning_key.md#custom-partitioning-key). +- partition_by - Устанавливает [произвольный ключ партиционирования](../../operations/table_engines/custom_partitioning_key.md). - flush_interval_milliseconds - Период сброса данных из буфера в памяти в таблицу. @@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ ClickHouse проверит условия `min_part_size` и `min_part_size_rat ## query_log -Настройка логгирования запросов, принятых с настройкой [log_queries=1](../settings/settings.md#settings_settings-log_queries). +Настройка логгирования запросов, принятых с настройкой [log_queries=1](../settings/settings.md). Запросы логгируются не в отдельный файл, а в таблицу ClickHouse. @@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ ClickHouse проверит условия `min_part_size` и `min_part_size_rat - database - Имя базы данных. - table - Имя таблицы. -- partition_by - Устанавливает [произвольный ключ партиционирования](../../operations/table_engines/custom_partitioning_key.md#custom-partitioning-key). +- partition_by - Устанавливает [произвольный ключ партиционирования](../../operations/table_engines/custom_partitioning_key.md). - flush_interval_milliseconds - Период сброса данных из буфера в памяти в таблицу. Если таблица не существует, то ClickHouse создаст её. Если структура журнала запросов изменилась при обновлении сервера ClickHouse, то таблица со старой структурой переименовывается, а новая таблица создается автоматически. @@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ ClickHouse проверит условия `min_part_size` и `min_part_size_rat Конфигурация кластеров, которые использует движок таблиц Distributed. -Пример настройки смотрите в разделе "[Движки таблиц/Distributed](../../operations/table_engines/distributed.md#table_engines-distributed)". +Пример настройки смотрите в разделе "[Движки таблиц/Distributed](../../operations/table_engines/distributed.md)". **Пример** @@ -663,9 +663,9 @@ ClickHouse проверит условия `min_part_size` и `min_part_size_rat ## uncompressed_cache_size -Размер кеша (в байтах) для несжатых данных, используемых движками таблиц семейства [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). +Размер кеша (в байтах) для несжатых данных, используемых движками таблиц семейства [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md). -Кеш единый для сервера. Память выделяется по-требованию. Кеш используется в том случае, если включена опция [use_uncompressed_cache](../settings/settings.md#settings-use_uncompressed_cache). +Кеш единый для сервера. Память выделяется по-требованию. Кеш используется в том случае, если включена опция [use_uncompressed_cache](../settings/settings.md). Несжатый кеш выгодно использовать для очень коротких запросов в отдельных случаях. @@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ ClickHouse проверит условия `min_part_size` и `min_part_size_rat ## user_files_path -Каталог с пользовательскими файлами. Используется в табличной функции [file()](../../query_language/table_functions/file.md#table_functions-file). +Каталог с пользовательскими файлами. Используется в табличной функции [file()](../../query_language/table_functions/file.md). **Пример** @@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ ClickHouse использует ZooKeeper для хранения метадан Параметр можно не указывать, если реплицированные таблицы не используются. -Подробно читайте в разделе "[Репликация](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication)". +Подробно читайте в разделе "[Репликация](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md)". **Пример** diff --git a/docs/ru/operations/settings/settings.md b/docs/ru/operations/settings/settings.md index 91271b2de5f..fd2a480d53a 100644 --- a/docs/ru/operations/settings/settings.md +++ b/docs/ru/operations/settings/settings.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ## distributed_product_mode -Изменяет поведение [распределенных подзапросов](../../query_language/select.md#queries-distributed-subrequests). +Изменяет поведение [распределенных подзапросов](../../query_language/select.md). ClickHouse применяет настройку в тех случаях, когда запрос содержит произведение распределённых таблиц, т.е. когда запрос к распределенной таблице содержит не-GLOBAL подзапрос к также распределенной таблице. @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ ClickHouse применяет настройку в тех случаях, ко - Только подзапросы для IN, JOIN. - Только если в секции FROM используется распределённая таблица, содержащая более одного шарда. - Если подзапрос касается распределенной таблицы, содержащей более одного шарда, -- Не используется в случае табличной функции [remote](../../query_language/table_functions/remote.md#table_functions-remote). +- Не используется в случае табличной функции [remote](../../query_language/table_functions/remote.md). Возможные значения: @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ ClickHouse применяет настройку в тех случаях, ко ## fallback_to_stale_replicas_for_distributed_queries -Форсирует запрос в устаревшую реплику в случае, если актуальные данные недоступны. Смотрите "[Репликация](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication)". +Форсирует запрос в устаревшую реплику в случае, если актуальные данные недоступны. Смотрите "[Репликация](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md)". Из устаревших реплик таблицы ClickHouse выбирает наиболее актуальную. @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ ClickHouse применяет настройку в тех случаях, ко Работает с таблицами семейства MergeTree. -При `force_index_by_date=1` ClickHouse проверяет, есть ли в запросе условие на ключ даты, которое может использоваться для отсечения диапазонов данных. Если подходящего условия нет - кидается исключение. При этом не проверяется, действительно ли условие уменьшает объём данных для чтения. Например, условие `Date != '2000-01-01'` подходит даже в том случае, когда соответствует всем данным в таблице (т.е. для выполнения запроса требуется full scan). Подробнее про диапазоны данных в таблицах MergeTree читайте в разделе "[MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree)". +При `force_index_by_date=1` ClickHouse проверяет, есть ли в запросе условие на ключ даты, которое может использоваться для отсечения диапазонов данных. Если подходящего условия нет - кидается исключение. При этом не проверяется, действительно ли условие уменьшает объём данных для чтения. Например, условие `Date != '2000-01-01'` подходит даже в том случае, когда соответствует всем данным в таблице (т.е. для выполнения запроса требуется full scan). Подробнее про диапазоны данных в таблицах MergeTree читайте в разделе "[MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md)". @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ ClickHouse применяет настройку в тех случаях, ко Работает с таблицами семейства MergeTree. -При `force_primary_key=1` ClickHouse проверяет, есть ли в запросе условие на первичный ключ, которое может использоваться для отсечения диапазонов данных. Если подходящего условия нет - кидается исключение. При этом не проверяется, действительно ли условие уменьшает объём данных для чтения. Подробнее про диапазоны данных в таблицах MergeTree читайте в разделе "[MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree)". +При `force_primary_key=1` ClickHouse проверяет, есть ли в запросе условие на первичный ключ, которое может использоваться для отсечения диапазонов данных. Если подходящего условия нет - кидается исключение. При этом не проверяется, действительно ли условие уменьшает объём данных для чтения. Подробнее про диапазоны данных в таблицах MergeTree читайте в разделе "[MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md)". @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ ClickHouse применяет настройку в тех случаях, ко Установка логгирования запроса. -Запросы, переданные в ClickHouse с этой установкой, логгируются согласно правилам конфигурационного параметра сервера [query_log](../server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-query_log). +Запросы, переданные в ClickHouse с этой установкой, логгируются согласно правилам конфигурационного параметра сервера [query_log](../server_settings/settings.md). **Пример** : @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ ClickHouse применяет настройку в тех случаях, ко ## max_replica_delay_for_distributed_queries -Отключает отстающие реплики при распределенных запросах. Смотрите "[Репликация](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication)". +Отключает отстающие реплики при распределенных запросах. Смотрите "[Репликация](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md)". Устанавливает время в секундах. Если оставание реплики больше установленного значения, то реплика не используется. @@ -163,8 +163,7 @@ ClickHouse применяет настройку в тех случаях, ко ## min_compress_block_size -Для таблиц типа "[MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree)". В целях уменьшения задержек при обработке запросов, блок сжимается при записи следующей засечки, если его размер не меньше min_compress_block_size. По умолчанию - 65 536. - +Для таблиц типа "[MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md Реальный размер блока, если несжатых данных меньше max_compress_block_size, будет не меньше этого значения и не меньше объёма данных на одну засечку. Рассмотрим пример. Пусть index_granularity, указанная при создании таблицы - 8192. @@ -264,7 +263,7 @@ ClickHouse применяет настройку в тех случаях, ко ## stream_flush_interval_ms -Работает для таблиц со стриммингом в случае тайм-аута, или когда поток генерирует [max_insert_block_size](#settings-settings-max_insert_block_size) строк. +Работает для таблиц со стриммингом в случае тайм-аута, или когда поток генерирует [max_insert_block_size]() строк. Значение по умолчанию - 7500. @@ -352,9 +351,9 @@ ClickHouse применяет настройку в тех случаях, ко ## join_use_nulls -Влияет на поведение [JOIN](../../query_language/select.md#query_language-join). +Влияет на поведение [JOIN](../../query_language/select.md). -При `join_use_nulls=1` `JOIN` ведёт себя как в стандартном SQL, т.е. если при слиянии возникают пустые ячейки, то тип соответствующего поля преобразуется к [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable), а пустые ячейки заполняются значениями [NULL](../../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal). +При `join_use_nulls=1` `JOIN` ведёт себя как в стандартном SQL, т.е. если при слиянии возникают пустые ячейки, то тип соответствующего поля преобразуется к [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable), а пустые ячейки заполняются значениями [NULL](../../query_language/syntax.md). @@ -373,7 +372,7 @@ ClickHouse применяет настройку в тех случаях, ко Все реплики в кворуме консистентны, т.е. содержат данные всех более ранних запросов `INSERT`. Последовательность `INSERT` линеаризуется. -При чтении данных, записанных с `insert_quorum` можно использовать настройку [select_sequential_consistency](#setting-select_sequential_consistency). +При чтении данных, записанных с `insert_quorum` можно использовать настройку [select_sequential_consistency](). **ClickHouse генерирует исключение** @@ -382,8 +381,8 @@ ClickHouse применяет настройку в тех случаях, ко **См. также параметры** -- [insert_quorum_timeout](#setting-insert_quorum_timeout) -- [select_sequential_consistency](#setting-select_sequential_consistency) +- [insert_quorum_timeout]() +- [select_sequential_consistency]() @@ -395,8 +394,8 @@ ClickHouse применяет настройку в тех случаях, ко **См. также параметры** -- [insert_quorum](#setting-insert_quorum) -- [select_sequential_consistency](#setting-select_sequential_consistency) +- [insert_quorum]() +- [select_sequential_consistency]() @@ -411,7 +410,7 @@ ClickHouse применяет настройку в тех случаях, ко См. также параметры: -- [insert_quorum](#setting-insert_quorum) -- [insert_quorum_timeout](#setting-insert_quorum_timeout) +- [insert_quorum]() +- [insert_quorum_timeout]() [Оригинальная статья](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/ru/operations/settings/settings/) diff --git a/docs/ru/operations/system_tables.md b/docs/ru/operations/system_tables.md index 94713ffae5e..a4a014d225f 100644 --- a/docs/ru/operations/system_tables.md +++ b/docs/ru/operations/system_tables.md @@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ default_expression String - выражение для значения по ум ## system.parts -Содержит информацию о кусках таблиц семейства [MergeTree](table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). +Содержит информацию о кусках таблиц семейства [MergeTree](table_engines/mergetree.md). Каждая строка описывает один кусок данных. diff --git a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/aggregatingmergetree.md b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/aggregatingmergetree.md index 11c57bba43a..622bc3033ff 100644 --- a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/aggregatingmergetree.md +++ b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/aggregatingmergetree.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ # AggregatingMergeTree -Движок наследует функциональность [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree), изменяя логику слияния кусков данных. Все строки с одинаковым первичным ключом (точнее, с одинаковым [ключом сортировки](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-sorting_key)) ClickHouse заменяет на одну (в пределах одного куска данных), которая хранит объединение состояний агрегатных функций. +Движок наследует функциональность [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree), изменяя логику слияния кусков данных. Все строки с одинаковым первичным ключом (точнее, с одинаковым [ключом сортировки](mergetree.md)) ClickHouse заменяет на одну (в пределах одного куска данных), которая хранит объединение состояний агрегатных функций. Таблицы типа `AggregatingMergeTree` могут использоваться для инкрементальной агрегации данных, в том числе, для агрегирующих материализованных представлений. -Движок обрабатывает все столбцы типа [AggregateFunction](../../data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md#data_type-aggregatefunction). +Движок обрабатывает все столбцы типа [AggregateFunction](../../data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md). Использование `AggregatingMergeTree` оправдано только в том случае, когда это уменьшает количество строк на порядки. @@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [SETTINGS name=value, ...] ``` -Описание параметров запроса смотрите в [описании запроса](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table). +Описание параметров запроса смотрите в [описании запроса](../../query_language/create.md). **Секции запроса** -При создании таблицы `AggregatingMergeTree` используются те же [секции](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-configuring), что и при создании таблицы `MergeTree`. +При создании таблицы `AggregatingMergeTree` используются те же [секции](mergetree.md), что и при создании таблицы `MergeTree`.
Устаревший способ создания таблицы diff --git a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/dictionary.md b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/dictionary.md index bc5e8e409ea..6a79f442232 100644 --- a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/dictionary.md +++ b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/dictionary.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ # Dictionary -Движок `Dictionary` отображает данные [словаря](../../query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md#dicts-external_dicts) как таблицу ClickHouse. +Движок `Dictionary` отображает данные [словаря](../../query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md) как таблицу ClickHouse. Рассмотрим для примера словарь `products` со следующей конфигурацией: diff --git a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/file.md b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/file.md index 2cf9f3ff788..0c920e66edb 100644 --- a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/file.md +++ b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/file.md @@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ File(Format) `Format` должен быть таким, который ClickHouse может использовать и в запросах `INSERT` и в запросах `SELECT`. Полный список поддерживаемых форматов смотрите в разделе [Форматы](../../interfaces/formats.md#formats). -Сервер ClickHouse не позволяет указать путь к файлу, с которым будет работать `File`. Используется путь к хранилищу, определенный параметром [path](../server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-path) в конфигурации сервера. +Сервер ClickHouse не позволяет указать путь к файлу, с которым будет работать `File`. Используется путь к хранилищу, определенный параметром [path](../server_settings/settings.md) в конфигурации сервера. При создании таблицы с помощью `File(Format)` сервер ClickHouse создает в хранилище каталог с именем таблицы, а после добавления в таблицу данных помещает туда файл `data.Format`. -Можно вручную создать в хранилище каталог таблицы, поместить туда файл, затем на сервере ClickHouse добавить ([ATTACH](../../query_language/misc.md#queries-attach)) информацию о таблице, соответствующей имени каталога и прочитать из файла данные. +Можно вручную создать в хранилище каталог таблицы, поместить туда файл, затем на сервере ClickHouse добавить ([ATTACH](../../query_language/misc.md)) информацию о таблице, соответствующей имени каталога и прочитать из файла данные. !!! warning Будьте аккуратны с этой функциональностью, поскольку сервер ClickHouse не отслеживает внешние изменения данных. Если в файл будет производиться запись одновременно со стороны сервера ClickHouse и с внешней стороны, то результат непредсказуем. @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ SELECT * FROM file_engine_table ## Использование движка в clickhouse-local -В [clickhouse-local](../utils/clickhouse-local.md#utils-clickhouse-local) движок в качестве параметра принимает не только формат, но и путь к файлу. В том числе можно указать стандартные потоки ввода/вывода цифровым или буквенным обозначением `0` или `stdin`, `1` или `stdout`. +В [clickhouse-local](../utils/clickhouse-local.md) движок в качестве параметра принимает не только формат, но и путь к файлу. В том числе можно указать стандартные потоки ввода/вывода цифровым или буквенным обозначением `0` или `stdin`, `1` или `stdout`. **Пример:** diff --git a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md index fa789857751..60a407016da 100644 --- a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md +++ b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md @@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ Graphite хранит в ClickHouse полные данные, а получат - Без прореживания. - Используется движок [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). + Используется движок [MergeTree](mergetree.md). - С прореживанием. Используется движок `GraphiteMergeTree`. -Движок наследует свойства MergeTree. Настройки прореживания данных задаются параметром [graphite_rollup](../server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-graphite_rollup) в конфигурации сервера . +Движок наследует свойства MergeTree. Настройки прореживания данных задаются параметром [graphite_rollup](../server_settings/settings.md) в конфигурации сервера . ## Использование движка diff --git a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/kafka.md b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/kafka.md index 8dc7b55e373..f747967cf19 100644 --- a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/kafka.md +++ b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/kafka.md @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ Kafka SETTINGS SELECT level, sum(total) FROM daily GROUP BY level; ``` -Для улучшения производительности полученные сообщения группируются в блоки размера [max_insert_block_size](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-max_insert_block_size). Если блок не удалось сформировать за [stream_flush_interval_ms](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings_stream_flush_interval_ms) миллисекунд, то данные будут сброшены в таблицу независимо от полноты блока. +Для улучшения производительности полученные сообщения группируются в блоки размера [max_insert_block_size](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-max_insert_block_size). Если блок не удалось сформировать за [stream_flush_interval_ms](../settings/settings.md) миллисекунд, то данные будут сброшены в таблицу независимо от полноты блока. Чтобы остановить получение данных топика или изменить логику преобразования, отсоедините материализованное представление: diff --git a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/materializedview.md b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/materializedview.md index 843f0678a9a..b607dc08c09 100644 --- a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/materializedview.md +++ b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/materializedview.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ # MaterializedView -Используется для реализации материализованных представлений (подробнее см. запрос [CREATE TABLE](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table)). Для хранения данных, использует другой движок, который был указан при создании представления. При чтении из таблицы, просто использует этот движок. +Используется для реализации материализованных представлений (подробнее см. запрос [CREATE TABLE](../../query_language/create.md)). Для хранения данных, использует другой движок, который был указан при создании представления. При чтении из таблицы, просто использует этот движок. [Оригинальная статья](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/materializedview/) diff --git a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/mergetree.md b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/mergetree.md index 7351968e95b..c73d66374ec 100644 --- a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/mergetree.md +++ b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/mergetree.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Движок `MergeTree`, а также другие движки этого семейства (`*MergeTree`) — это наиболее функциональные движки таблиц ClickHousе. !!!info - Движок [Merge](merge.md#table_engine-merge) не относится к семейству `*MergeTree`. + Движок [Merge](merge.md) не относится к семейству `*MergeTree`. Основные возможности: @@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ Это позволяет создавать разреженный индекс небольшого объёма, который позволяет быстрее находить данные. -- Позволяет оперировать партициями, если задан [ключ партиционирования](custom_partitioning_key.md#table_engines-custom_partitioning_key). +- Позволяет оперировать партициями, если задан [ключ партиционирования](custom_partitioning_key.md). ClickHouse поддерживает отдельные операции с партициями, которые работают эффективнее, чем общие операции с этим же результатом над этими же данными. Также, ClickHouse автоматически отсекает данные по партициям там, где ключ партиционирования указан в запросе. Это также увеличивает эффективность выполнения запросов. - Поддерживает репликацию данных. - Для этого используется семейство таблиц `ReplicatedMergeTree`. Подробнее читайте в разделе [Репликация данных](replication.md#table_engines-replication). + Для этого используется семейство таблиц `ReplicatedMergeTree`. Подробнее читайте в разделе [Репликация данных](replication.md). - Поддерживает сэмплирование данных. @@ -43,21 +43,21 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [SETTINGS name=value, ...] ``` -Описание параметров запроса смотрите в [описании запроса](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table). +Описание параметров запроса смотрите в [описании запроса](../../query_language/create.md). **Секции запроса** - `ENGINE` — Имя и параметры движка. `ENGINE = MergeTree()`. Движок `MergeTree` не имеет параметров. -- `PARTITION BY` — [ключ партиционирования](custom_partitioning_key.md#table_engines-custom_partitioning_key). +- `PARTITION BY` — [ключ партиционирования](custom_partitioning_key.md). - Для партиционирования по месяцам используйте выражение `toYYYYMM(date_column)`, где `date_column` — столбец с датой типа [Date](../../data_types/date.md#data_type-date). В этом случае имена партиций имеют формат `"YYYYMM"`. + Для партиционирования по месяцам используйте выражение `toYYYYMM(date_column)`, где `date_column` — столбец с датой типа [Date](../../data_types/date.md). В этом случае имена партиций имеют формат `"YYYYMM"`. - `ORDER BY` — ключ сортировки. Кортеж столбцов или произвольных выражений. Пример: `ORDER BY (CounerID, EventDate)`. -- `PRIMARY KEY` - первичный ключ, если он [отличается от ключа сортировки](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-sorting_key). +- `PRIMARY KEY` - первичный ключ, если он [отличается от ключа сортировки](mergetree.md). По умолчанию первичный ключ совпадает с ключом сортировки (который задаётся секцией `ORDER BY`). Поэтому в большинстве случаев секцию `PRIMARY KEY` отдельно указывать не нужно. @@ -79,8 +79,7 @@ ENGINE MergeTree() PARTITION BY toYYYYMM(EventDate) ORDER BY (CounterID, EventDa В примере мы устанавливаем партиционирование по месяцам. -Также мы задаем выражение для сэмплирования в виде хэша по идентификатору посетителя. Это позволяет псевдослучайным образом перемешать данные в таблице для каждого `CounterID` и `EventDate`. Если при выборке данных задать секцию [SAMPLE](../../query_language/select.md#select-section-sample) то ClickHouse вернёт равномерно-псевдослучайную выборку данных для подмножества посетителей. - +Также мы задаем выражение для сэмплирования в виде хэша по идентификатору посетителя. Это позволяет псевдослучайным образом перемешать данные в таблице для каждого `CounterID` и `EventDate`. Если при выборке данных задать секцию [SAMPLE](../../query_language/select.md `index_granularity` можно было не указывать, поскольку 8192 — это значение по умолчанию.
Устаревший способ создания таблицы @@ -99,10 +98,9 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] **Параметры MergeTree()** -- `date-column` — имя столбца с типом [Date](../../data_types/date.md#data_type-date). На основе этого столбца ClickHouse автоматически создаёт партиции по месяцам. Имена партиций имеют формат `"YYYYMM"`. +- `date-column` — имя столбца с типом [Date](../../data_types/date.md). На основе этого столбца ClickHouse автоматически создаёт партиции по месяцам. Имена партиций имеют формат `"YYYYMM"`. - `sampling_expression` — выражение для сэмплирования. -- `(primary, key)` — первичный ключ. Тип — [Tuple()](../../data_types/tuple.md#data_type-tuple). Может состоять из произвольных выражений, но обычно это кортеж столбцов. Обязательно должен включать в себя выражение для сэмплирования, если оно задано. Не обязан включать в себя столбец с датой `date-column`. -- `index_granularity` — гранулярность индекса. Число строк данных между «засечками» индекса. Для большинства задач подходит значение 8192. +- `(primary, key)` — первичный ключ. Тип — [Tuple()](../../data_types/tuple.md- `index_granularity` — гранулярность индекса. Число строк данных между «засечками» индекса. Для большинства задач подходит значение 8192. **Пример** @@ -167,7 +165,7 @@ ClickHouse не требует уникального первичного кл ClickHouse сортирует данные по первичному ключу, поэтому чем выше однородность, тем лучше сжатие. -- Обеспечить дополнительную логику при слиянии кусков данных в движках [CollapsingMergeTree](collapsingmergetree.md#table_engine-collapsingmergetree) и [SummingMergeTree](summingmergetree.md#table_engine-summingmergetree). +- Обеспечить дополнительную логику при слиянии кусков данных в движках [CollapsingMergeTree](collapsingmergetree.md#table_engine-collapsingmergetree) и [SummingMergeTree](summingmergetree.md). В этом случае имеет смысл задать отдельный *ключ сортировки*, отличающийся от первичного ключа. @@ -193,8 +191,7 @@ ClickHouse не требует уникального первичного кл В этом сценарии имеет смысл оставить в первичном ключе всего несколько столбцов, которые обеспечат эффективную фильтрацию по индексу, а остальные столбцы-измерения добавить в выражение ключа сортировки. -[ALTER ключа сортировки](../../query_language/alter.md#query_language-queries-alter-key_alters) - легкая -операция, так как при одновременном добавлении нового столбца в таблицу и ключ сортировки не нужно изменять +[ALTER ключа сортировки](../../query_language/alter.mdоперация, так как при одновременном добавлении нового столбца в таблицу и ключ сортировки не нужно изменять данные кусков (они остаются упорядоченными и по новому выражению ключа). ### Использование индексов и партиций в запросах @@ -227,7 +224,7 @@ ClickHouse будет использовать индекс по первичн SELECT count() FROM table WHERE CounterID = 34 OR URL LIKE '%upyachka%' ``` -Чтобы проверить, сможет ли ClickHouse использовать индекс при выполнении запроса, используйте настройки [force_index_by_date](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-force_index_by_date) и [force_primary_key](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-force_primary_key). +Чтобы проверить, сможет ли ClickHouse использовать индекс при выполнении запроса, используйте настройки [force_index_by_date](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-force_index_by_date) и [force_primary_key](../settings/settings.md). Ключ партиционирования по месяцам обеспечивает чтение только тех блоков данных, которые содержат даты из нужного диапазона. При этом блок данных может содержать данные за многие даты (до целого месяца). В пределах одного блока данные упорядочены по первичному ключу, который может не содержать дату в качестве первого столбца. В связи с этим, при использовании запроса с указанием условия только на дату, но не на префикс первичного ключа, будет читаться данных больше, чем за одну дату. diff --git a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/mysql.md b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/mysql.md index f452d34c4a6..6b2a14f4edc 100644 --- a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/mysql.md +++ b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/mysql.md @@ -28,6 +28,6 @@ MySQL('host:port', 'database', 'table', 'user', 'password'[, replace_query, 'on_ Остальные условия и ограничение выборки `LIMIT` будут выполнены в ClickHouse только после выполнения запроса к MySQL. -Движок `MySQL` не поддерживает тип данных [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable), поэтому при чтении данных из таблиц MySQL `NULL` преобразуются в значения по умолчанию для заданного типа столбца, обычно это 0 или пустая строка. +Движок `MySQL` не поддерживает тип данных [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md), поэтому при чтении данных из таблиц MySQL `NULL` преобразуются в значения по умолчанию для заданного типа столбца, обычно это 0 или пустая строка. [Оригинальная статья](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/mysql/) diff --git a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/replacingmergetree.md b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/replacingmergetree.md index 3f0f20173d1..c364859cf67 100644 --- a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/replacingmergetree.md +++ b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/replacingmergetree.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # ReplacingMergeTree -Движок отличается от [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree) тем, что выполняет удаление дублирующихся записей с одинаковым значением первичного ключа (точнее, с одинаковым значением [ключа сортировки](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-sorting_key)). +Движок отличается от [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree) тем, что выполняет удаление дублирующихся записей с одинаковым значением первичного ключа (точнее, с одинаковым значением [ключа сортировки](mergetree.md)). Дедупликация данных производится лишь во время слияний. Слияние происходят в фоне в неизвестный момент времени, на который вы не можете ориентироваться. Некоторая часть данных может остаться необработанной. Хотя вы можете вызвать внеочередное слияние с помощью запроса `OPTIMIZE`, на это не стоит рассчитывать, так как запрос `OPTIMIZE` приводит к чтению и записи большого объёма данных. @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [SETTINGS name=value, ...] ``` -Описание параметров запроса смотрите в [описании запроса](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table). +Описание параметров запроса смотрите в [описании запроса](../../query_language/create.md). **Параметры ReplacingMergeTree** @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] **Секции запроса** -При создании таблицы `ReplacingMergeTree` используются те же [секции](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-configuring), что и при создании таблицы `MergeTree`. +При создании таблицы `ReplacingMergeTree` используются те же [секции](mergetree.md), что и при создании таблицы `MergeTree`.
Устаревший способ создания таблицы diff --git a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/replication.md b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/replication.md index 1da2ea892b7..2994138df84 100644 --- a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/replication.md +++ b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/replication.md @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Если в конфигурационном файле не настроен ZooKeeper, то вы не сможете создать реплицируемые таблицы, а уже имеющиеся реплицируемые таблицы будут доступны в режиме только на чтение. -При запросах `SELECT`, ZooKeeper не используется, т.е. репликация не влияет на производительность `SELECT` и запросы работают так же быстро, как и для нереплицируемых таблиц. При запросах к распределенным реплицированным таблицам поведение ClickHouse регулируется настройками [max_replica_delay_for_distributed_queries](../settings/settings.md#settings_settings_max_replica_delay_for_distributed_queries) и [fallback_to_stale_replicas_for_distributed_queries](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-fallback_to_stale_replicas_for_distributed_queries). +При запросах `SELECT`, ZooKeeper не используется, т.е. репликация не влияет на производительность `SELECT` и запросы работают так же быстро, как и для нереплицируемых таблиц. При запросах к распределенным реплицированным таблицам поведение ClickHouse регулируется настройками [max_replica_delay_for_distributed_queries](../settings/settings.md#settings_settings_max_replica_delay_for_distributed_queries) и [fallback_to_stale_replicas_for_distributed_queries](../settings/settings.md). При каждом запросе `INSERT` (точнее, на каждый вставляемый блок данных; запрос INSERT содержит один блок, или по блоку на каждые `max_insert_block_size = 1048576` строк), делается около десятка записей в ZooKeeper в рамках нескольких транзакций. Это приводит к некоторому увеличению задержек при `INSERT`, по сравнению с нереплицируемыми таблицами. Но если придерживаться обычных рекомендаций - вставлять данные пачками не более одного `INSERT` в секунду, то это не составляет проблем. На всём кластере ClickHouse, использующим для координации один кластер ZooKeeper, может быть в совокупности несколько сотен `INSERT` в секунду. Пропускная способность при вставке данных (количество строчек в секунду) такая же высокая, как для нереплицируемых таблиц. @@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ Репликация асинхронная, мульти-мастер. Запросы `INSERT` (а также `ALTER`) можно отправлять на любой доступный сервер. Данные вставятся на сервер, где выполнен запрос, а затем скопируются на остальные серверы. В связи с асинхронностью, только что вставленные данные появляются на остальных репликах с небольшой задержкой. Если часть реплик недоступна, данные на них запишутся тогда, когда они станут доступны. Если реплика доступна, то задержка составляет столько времени, сколько требуется для передачи блока сжатых данных по сети. -По умолчанию, запрос INSERT ждёт подтверждения записи только от одной реплики. Если данные были успешно записаны только на одну реплику, и сервер с этой репликой перестал существовать, то записанные данные будут потеряны. Вы можете включить подтверждение записи от нескольких реплик, используя настройку [insert_quorum](../settings/settings.md#setting-insert_quorum). +По умолчанию, запрос INSERT ждёт подтверждения записи только от одной реплики. Если данные были успешно записаны только на одну реплику, и сервер с этой репликой перестал существовать, то записанные данные будут потеряны. Вы можете включить подтверждение записи от нескольких реплик, используя настройку [insert_quorum](../settings/settings.md). Каждый блок данных записывается атомарно. Запрос INSERT разбивается на блоки данных размером до `max_insert_block_size = 1048576` строк. То есть, если в запросе `INSERT` менее 1048576 строк, то он делается атомарно. -Блоки данных дедуплицируются. При многократной записи одного и того же блока данных (блоков данных одинакового размера, содержащих одни и те же строчки в одном и том же порядке), блок будет записан только один раз. Это сделано для того, чтобы в случае сбоя в сети, когда клиентское приложение не может понять, были ли данные записаны в БД, можно было просто повторить запрос `INSERT`. При этом не имеет значения, на какую реплику будут отправлены INSERT-ы с одинаковыми данными. То есть, обеспечивается идемпотентность `INSERT`. Параметры дедупликации регулируются настройками сервера [merge_tree](../server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-merge_tree). +Блоки данных дедуплицируются. При многократной записи одного и того же блока данных (блоков данных одинакового размера, содержащих одни и те же строчки в одном и том же порядке), блок будет записан только один раз. Это сделано для того, чтобы в случае сбоя в сети, когда клиентское приложение не может понять, были ли данные записаны в БД, можно было просто повторить запрос `INSERT`. При этом не имеет значения, на какую реплику будут отправлены INSERT-ы с одинаковыми данными. То есть, обеспечивается идемпотентность `INSERT`. Параметры дедупликации регулируются настройками сервера [merge_tree](../server_settings/settings.md). При репликации, по сети передаются только исходные вставляемые данные. Дальнейшие преобразования данных (слияния) координируются и делаются на всех репликах одинаковым образом. За счёт этого минимизируется использование сети, и благодаря этому, репликация хорошо работает при расположении реплик в разных датацентрах. (Стоит заметить, что дублирование данных в разных датацентрах, по сути, является основной задачей репликации). @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ sudo -u clickhouse touch /var/lib/clickhouse/flags/force_restore_data Затем запустите сервер (перезапустите, если уже запущен). Данные будут скачаны с реплик. -В качестве альтернативного варианта восстановления, вы можете удалить из ZooKeeper информацию о потерянной реплике - `/path_to_table/replica_name`, и затем создать реплику заново, как написано в разделе "[Создание реплицируемых таблиц](#table_engines-replication-creation_of_rep_tables)". +В качестве альтернативного варианта восстановления, вы можете удалить из ZooKeeper информацию о потерянной реплике - `/path_to_table/replica_name`, и затем создать реплику заново, как написано в разделе "[Создание реплицируемых таблиц]()". Отсутствует ограничение на использование сетевой полосы при восстановлении. Имейте это ввиду, если восстанавливаете сразу много реплик. diff --git a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/summingmergetree.md b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/summingmergetree.md index 9b98b88bd9b..841060e303d 100644 --- a/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/summingmergetree.md +++ b/docs/ru/operations/table_engines/summingmergetree.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ # SummingMergeTree -Движок наследует функциональность [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). Отличие заключается в том, что для таблиц `SummingMergeTree` при слиянии кусков данных ClickHouse все строки с одинаковым первичным ключом (точнее, с одинаковым [ключом сортировки](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-sorting_key)) заменяет на одну, которая хранит только суммы значений из столбцов с цифровым типом данных. Если ключ сортировки подобран таким образом, что одному значению ключа соответствует много строк, это значительно уменьшает объем хранения и ускоряет последующую выборку данных. +Движок наследует функциональность [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). Отличие заключается в том, что для таблиц `SummingMergeTree` при слиянии кусков данных ClickHouse все строки с одинаковым первичным ключом (точнее, с одинаковым [ключом сортировки](mergetree.md)) заменяет на одну, которая хранит только суммы значений из столбцов с цифровым типом данных. Если ключ сортировки подобран таким образом, что одному значению ключа соответствует много строк, это значительно уменьшает объем хранения и ускоряет последующую выборку данных. Мы рекомендуем использовать движок в паре с `MergeTree`. В `MergeTree` храните полные данные, а `SummingMergeTree` используйте для хранения агрегированных данных, например, при подготовке отчетов. Такой подход позволит не утратить ценные данные из-за неправильно выбранного первичного ключа. @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [SETTINGS name=value, ...] ``` -Описание параметров запроса смотрите в [описании запроса](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table). +Описание параметров запроса смотрите в [описании запроса](../../query_language/create.md). **Параметры SummingMergeTree** @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] **Секции запроса** -При создании таблицы `SummingMergeTree` использутся те же [секции](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-configuring) запроса, что и при создании таблицы `MergeTree`. +При создании таблицы `SummingMergeTree` использутся те же [секции](mergetree.md) запроса, что и при создании таблицы `MergeTree`.
Устаревший способ создания таблицы @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ ORDER BY key :) INSERT INTO summtt Values(1,1),(1,2),(2,1) ``` -ClickHouse может не полностью просуммировать все строки ([смотрите ниже по тексту](#summingmergetree-data-processing)), поэтому при запросе мы используем агрегатную функцию `sum` и секцию `GROUP BY`. +ClickHouse может не полностью просуммировать все строки ([смотрите ниже по тексту]()), поэтому при запросе мы используем агрегатную функцию `sum` и секцию `GROUP BY`. ```sql SELECT key, sum(value) FROM summtt GROUP BY key @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ SELECT key, sum(value) FROM summtt GROUP BY key При вставке данных в таблицу они сохраняются как есть. Периодически ClickHouse выполняет слияние вставленных кусков данных и именно в этот момент производится суммирование и замена многих строк с одинаковым первичным ключом на одну для каждого результирующего куска данных. -ClickHouse может слить куски данных таким образом, что не все строки с одинаковым первичным ключом окажутся в одном финальном куске, т.е. суммирование будет не полным. Поэтому, при выборке данных (`SELECT`) необходимо использовать агрегатную функцию [sum()](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md#agg_function-sum) и секцию `GROUP BY` как описано в примере выше. +ClickHouse может слить куски данных таким образом, что не все строки с одинаковым первичным ключом окажутся в одном финальном куске, т.е. суммирование будет не полным. Поэтому, при выборке данных (`SELECT`) необходимо использовать агрегатную функцию [sum()](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md) и секцию `GROUP BY` как описано в примере выше. ### Общие правила суммирования @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ ClickHouse может слить куски данных таким образо ### Суммирование в столбцах AggregateFunction -Для столбцов типа [AggregateFunction](../../data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md#data_type-aggregatefunction) ClickHouse выполняет агрегацию согласно заданной функции, повторяя поведение движка [AggregatingMergeTree](aggregatingmergetree.md#table_engine-aggregatingmergetree). +Для столбцов типа [AggregateFunction](../../data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md#data_type-aggregatefunction) ClickHouse выполняет агрегацию согласно заданной функции, повторяя поведение движка [AggregatingMergeTree](aggregatingmergetree.md). ### Вложенные структуры @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ ClickHouse может слить куски данных таким образо [(1, 100), (2, 150)] + [(1, -100)] -> [(2, 150)] ``` -При запросе данных используйте функцию [sumMap(key, value)](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md#agg_function-summap) для агрегации `Map`. +При запросе данных используйте функцию [sumMap(key, value)](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md) для агрегации `Map`. Для вложенной структуры данных не нужно указывать её столбцы в кортеже столбцов для суммирования. diff --git a/docs/ru/operations/utils/index.md b/docs/ru/operations/utils/index.md index aa07954d8c6..06193cadcc4 100644 --- a/docs/ru/operations/utils/index.md +++ b/docs/ru/operations/utils/index.md @@ -1,6 +1,5 @@ # Утилиты ClickHouse -* [clickhouse-local](clickhouse-local.md#utils-clickhouse-local) - позволяет выполнять SQL-запросы над данными без установки сервера ClickHouse подобно тому, как это делает `awk`. -* [clickhouse-copier](clickhouse-copier.md#utils-clickhouse-copier) - копирует (и перешардирует) данные с одного кластера на другой. +* [clickhouse-local](clickhouse-local.md* [clickhouse-copier](clickhouse-copier.md) данные с одного кластера на другой. [Оригинальная статья](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/ru/operations/utils/) diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/agg_functions/parametric_functions.md b/docs/ru/query_language/agg_functions/parametric_functions.md index 7f7432fb671..999aff99679 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/agg_functions/parametric_functions.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/agg_functions/parametric_functions.md @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ windowFunnel(window)(timestamp, cond1, cond2, cond3, ...) **Параметры** - `window` — ширина скользящего окна по времени в секундах. -- `timestamp` — имя столбца, содержащего отметки времени. Тип данных [DateTime](../../data_types/datetime.md#data_type-datetime) или [UInt32](../../data_types/int_uint.md#data_type-int). +- `timestamp` — имя столбца, содержащего отметки времени. Тип данных [DateTime](../../data_types/datetime.md#data_type-datetime) или [UInt32](../../data_types/int_uint.md). - `cond1`, `cond2`... — условия или данные, описывающие цепочку событий. Тип данных — `UInt8`. Значения могут быть 0 или 1. **Алгоритм** diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/agg_functions/reference.md b/docs/ru/query_language/agg_functions/reference.md index 557070e3ac5..449d2efd665 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/agg_functions/reference.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/agg_functions/reference.md @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ anyHeavy(column) **Пример** -Возьмём набор данных [OnTime](../../getting_started/example_datasets/ontime.md#example_datasets-ontime) и выберем произвольное часто встречающееся значение в столбце `AirlineID`. +Возьмём набор данных [OnTime](../../getting_started/example_datasets/ontime.md) и выберем произвольное часто встречающееся значение в столбце `AirlineID`. ```sql SELECT anyHeavy(AirlineID) AS res @@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ topK(N)(column) **Пример** -Возьмём набор данных [OnTime](../../getting_started/example_datasets/ontime.md#example_datasets-ontime) и выберем 3 наиболее часто встречающихся значения в столбце `AirlineID`. +Возьмём набор данных [OnTime](../../getting_started/example_datasets/ontime.md) и выберем 3 наиболее часто встречающихся значения в столбце `AirlineID`. ```sql SELECT topK(3)(AirlineID) AS res diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/alter.md b/docs/ru/query_language/alter.md index 744c1063d88..e996e0342d8 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/alter.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/alter.md @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ MODIFY ORDER BY new_expression ``` Работает только для таблиц семейства [`MergeTree`](../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md) (в том числе [реплицированных](../operations/table_engines/replication.md)). После выполнения запроса -[ключ сортировки](../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-sorting_key) таблицы +[ключ сортировки](../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md) таблицы заменяется на `new_expression` (выражение или кортеж выражений). Первичный ключ при этом остаётся прежним. Операция затрагивает только метаданные. Чтобы сохранить свойство упорядоченности кусков данных по ключу diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md b/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md index d1df2c4990c..d0c8bdc4465 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md @@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ # Внешние словари -Существует возможность подключать собственные словари из различных источников данных. Источником данных для словаря может быть локальный текстовый/исполняемый файл, HTTP(s) ресурс или другая СУБД. Подробнее смотрите в разделе "[Источники внешних словарей](external_dicts_dict_sources.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources)". +Существует возможность подключать собственные словари из различных источников данных. Источником данных для словаря может быть локальный текстовый/исполняемый файл, HTTP(s) ресурс или другая СУБД. Подробнее смотрите в разделе "[Источники внешних словарей](external_dicts_dict_sources.md)". ClickHouse: - Полностью или частично хранит словари в оперативной памяти. - Периодически обновляет их и динамически подгружает отсутствующие значения. Т.е. словари можно подгружать динамически. -Конфигурация внешних словарей находится в одном или нескольких файлах. Путь к конфигурации указывается в параметре [dictionaries_config](../../operations/server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-dictionaries_config). +Конфигурация внешних словарей находится в одном или нескольких файлах. Путь к конфигурации указывается в параметре [dictionaries_config](../../operations/server_settings/settings.md). -Словари могут загружаться при старте сервера или при первом использовании, в зависимости от настройки [dictionaries_lazy_load](../../operations/server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-dictionaries_lazy_load). +Словари могут загружаться при старте сервера или при первом использовании, в зависимости от настройки [dictionaries_lazy_load](../../operations/server_settings/settings.md). Конфигурационный файл словарей имеет вид: @@ -35,18 +35,18 @@ ClickHouse: ``` -В одном файле можно [сконфигурировать](external_dicts_dict.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict) произвольное количество словарей. Формат файла сохраняется даже если словарь один (т.е. ` `). +В одном файле можно [сконфигурировать](external_dicts_dict.md). ->Вы можете преобразовывать значения по небольшому словарю, описав его в запросе `SELECT` (см. функцию [transform](../functions/other_functions.md#other_functions-transform)). Эта функциональность не связана с внешними словарями. +>Вы можете преобразовывать значения по небольшому словарю, описав его в запросе `SELECT` (см. функцию [transform](../functions/other_functions.md)). Эта функциональность не связана с внешними словарями. Смотрите также: -- [Настройка внешнего словаря](external_dicts_dict.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict) -- [Хранение словарей в памяти](external_dicts_dict_layout.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout) -- [Обновление словарей](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_lifetime) -- [Источники внешних словарей](external_dicts_dict_sources.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources) -- [Ключ и поля словаря](external_dicts_dict_structure.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_structure) +- [Настройка внешнего словаря](external_dicts_dict.md) +- [Хранение словарей в памяти](external_dicts_dict_layout.md) +- [Обновление словарей](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md) +- [Источники внешних словарей](external_dicts_dict_sources.md) +- [Ключ и поля словаря](external_dicts_dict_structure.md) - [Функции для работы с внешними словарями](../functions/ext_dict_functions.md#ext_dict_functions) [Оригинальная статья](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts/) diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict.md b/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict.md index 0c56593fdd1..0aeb2d0ed6c 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict.md @@ -27,9 +27,5 @@ ``` - name - Идентификатор, под которым словарь будет доступен для использования. Используйте символы `[a-zA-Z0-9_\-]`. -- [source](external_dicts_dict_sources.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources) - Источник словаря. -- [layout](external_dicts_dict_layout.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout) - Размещение словаря в памяти. -- [structure](external_dicts_dict_structure.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_structure) - Структура словаря. Ключ и атрибуты, которые можно получить по ключу. -- [lifetime](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_lifetime) - Периодичность обновления словарей. - +- [source](external_dicts_dict_sources.md- [layout](external_dicts_dict_layout.md- [structure](external_dicts_dict_structure.md- [lifetime](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md [Оригинальная статья](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict/) diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_layout.md b/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_layout.md index 199b6926f7a..f7d50a757d0 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_layout.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_layout.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ # Хранение словарей в памяти -Словари можно размещать в памяти [множеством способов](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-manner). +Словари можно размещать в памяти [множеством способов](). -Рекомендуем [flat](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-flat), [hashed](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-hashed) и [complex_key_hashed](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-complex_key_hashed). Скорость обработки словарей при этом максимальна. +Рекомендуем [flat](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-flat), [hashed](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-hashed) и [complex_key_hashed](). Скорость обработки словарей при этом максимальна. -Размещение с кэшированием не рекомендуется использовать из-за потенциально низкой производительности и сложностей в подборе оптимальных параметров. Читайте об этом подробнее в разделе "[cache](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-cache)". +Размещение с кэшированием не рекомендуется использовать из-за потенциально низкой производительности и сложностей в подборе оптимальных параметров. Читайте об этом подробнее в разделе "[cache]()". Повысить производительнось словарей можно следующими способами: @@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ ## Способы размещения словарей в памяти -- [flat](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-flat) -- [hashed](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-hashed) -- [cache](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-cache) -- [range_hashed](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-range_hashed) -- [complex_key_hashed](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-complex_key_hashed) -- [complex_key_cache](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-complex_key_cache) -- [ip_trie](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout-ip_trie) +- [flat]() +- [hashed]() +- [cache]() +- [range_hashed]() +- [complex_key_hashed]() +- [complex_key_cache]() +- [ip_trie]() @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ ### complex_key_hashed -Тип размещения предназначен для использования с составными [ключами](external_dicts_dict_structure.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_structure). Аналогичен `hashed`. +Тип размещения предназначен для использования с составными [ключами](external_dicts_dict_structure.md). Аналогичен `hashed`. Пример конфигурации: @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ +---------------+---------------------+-------------------+--------+ ``` -Чтобы использовать выборку по диапазонам дат, необходимо в [structure](external_dicts_dict_structure.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_structure) определить элементы `range_min`, `range_max`. +Чтобы использовать выборку по диапазонам дат, необходимо в [structure](external_dicts_dict_structure.md) определить элементы `range_min`, `range_max`. Пример: @@ -191,13 +191,13 @@ При поиске в словаре сначала просматривается кэш. На каждый блок данных, все не найденные в кэше или устаревшие ключи запрашиваются у источника с помощью `SELECT attrs... FROM db.table WHERE id IN (k1, k2, ...)`. Затем, полученные данные записываются в кэш. -Для cache-словарей может быть задано время устаревания [lifetime](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_lifetime) данных в кэше. Если от загрузки данных в ячейке прошло больше времени, чем `lifetime`, то значение не используется, и будет запрошено заново при следующей необходимости его использовать. +Для cache-словарей может быть задано время устаревания [lifetime](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md) данных в кэше. Если от загрузки данных в ячейке прошло больше времени, чем `lifetime`, то значение не используется, и будет запрошено заново при следующей необходимости его использовать. Это наименее эффективный из всех способов размещения словарей. Скорость работы кэша очень сильно зависит от правильности настройки и сценария использования. Словарь типа cache показывает высокую производительность лишь при достаточно больших hit rate-ах (рекомендуется 99% и выше). Посмотреть средний hit rate можно в таблице `system.dictionaries`. Чтобы увеличить производительность кэша, используйте подзапрос с `LIMIT`, а снаружи вызывайте функцию со словарём. -Поддерживаются [источники](external_dicts_dict_sources.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources): MySQL, ClickHouse, executable, HTTP. +Поддерживаются [источники](external_dicts_dict_sources.md): MySQL, ClickHouse, executable, HTTP. Пример настройки: @@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ ### complex_key_cache -Тип размещения предназначен для использования с составными [ключами](external_dicts_dict_structure.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_structure). Аналогичен `cache`. +Тип размещения предназначен для использования с составными [ключами](external_dicts_dict_structure.md). Аналогичен `cache`. diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md b/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md index 4e78a838165..c3c89715338 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ ClickHouse периодически обновляет словари. Инте ``` -При обновлении словарей сервер ClickHouse применяет различную логику в зависимости от типа [источника](external_dicts_dict_sources.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources): +При обновлении словарей сервер ClickHouse применяет различную логику в зависимости от типа [источника](external_dicts_dict_sources.md): > - У текстового файла проверяется время модификации. Если время изменилось по отношению к запомненному ранее, то словарь обновляется. > - Для таблиц типа MyISAM, время модификации проверяется запросом `SHOW TABLE STATUS`. @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ ClickHouse периодически обновляет словари. Инте Для источников MySQL (InnoDB), ODBC и ClickHouse можно настроить запрос, который позволит обновлять словари только в случае их фактического изменения, а не каждый раз. Чтобы это сделать необходимо выполнить следующие условия/действия: > - В таблице словаря должно быть поле, которое гарантированно изменяется при обновлении данных в источнике. -> - В настройках источника указывается запрос, который получает изменяющееся поле. Результат запроса сервер ClickHouse интерпретирует как строку и если эта строка изменилась по отношению к предыдущему состоянию, то словарь обновляется. Запрос следует указывать в поле `` настроек [источника](external_dicts_dict_sources.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources). +> - В настройках источника указывается запрос, который получает изменяющееся поле. Результат запроса сервер ClickHouse интерпретирует как строку и если эта строка изменилась по отношению к предыдущему состоянию, то словарь обновляется. Запрос следует указывать в поле `` настроек [источника](external_dicts_dict_sources.md). Пример настройки: diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_sources.md b/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_sources.md index ca9a6d2a43c..b11d1ef2832 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_sources.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_sources.md @@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ Типы источников (`source_type`): -- [Локальный файл](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-local_file) -- [Исполняемый файл](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-executable) -- [HTTP(s)](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-http) +- [Локальный файл]() +- [Исполняемый файл]() +- [HTTP(s)]() - СУБД: - - [ODBC](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-odbc) - - [MySQL](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-mysql) - - [ClickHouse](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-clickhouse) - - [MongoDB](#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-mongodb) + - [ODBC]() + - [MySQL]() + - [ClickHouse]() + - [MongoDB]() @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ ## Исполняемый файл -Работа с исполняемым файлом зависит от [размещения словаря в памяти](external_dicts_dict_layout.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout). Если тип размещения словаря `cache` и `complex_key_cache`, то ClickHouse запрашивает необходимые ключи, отправляя запрос в `STDIN` исполняемого файла. +Работа с исполняемым файлом зависит от [размещения словаря в памяти](external_dicts_dict_layout.md). Если тип размещения словаря `cache` и `complex_key_cache`, то ClickHouse запрашивает необходимые ключи, отправляя запрос в `STDIN` исполняемого файла. Пример настройки: @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ ## HTTP(s) -Работа с HTTP(s) сервером зависит от [размещения словаря в памяти](external_dicts_dict_layout.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout). Если тип размещения словаря `cache` и `complex_key_cache`, то ClickHouse запрашивает необходимые ключи, отправляя запрос методом `POST`. +Работа с HTTP(s) сервером зависит от [размещения словаря в памяти](external_dicts_dict_layout.md). Если тип размещения словаря `cache` и `complex_key_cache`, то ClickHouse запрашивает необходимые ключи, отправляя запрос методом `POST`. Пример настройки: @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ ``` -Чтобы ClickHouse смог обратиться к HTTPS-ресурсу, необходимо [настроить openSSL](../../operations/server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-openSSL) в конфигурации сервера. +Чтобы ClickHouse смог обратиться к HTTPS-ресурсу, необходимо [настроить openSSL](../../operations/server_settings/settings.md) в конфигурации сервера. Поля настройки: @@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ - `db` - имя базы данных. Не указывать, если имя базы задано в параметрах. ``. - `table` - имя таблицы и схемы, если она есть. - `connection_string` - строка соединения. -- `invalidate_query` - запрос для проверки статуса словаря. Необязательный параметр. Читайте подробнее в разделе [Обновление словарей](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_lifetime). +- `invalidate_query` - запрос для проверки статуса словаря. Необязательный параметр. Читайте подробнее в разделе [Обновление словарей](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md). ClickHouse получает от ODBC-драйвера информацию о квотировании и квотирует настройки в запросах к драйверу, поэтому имя таблицы нужно указывать в соответствии с регистром имени таблицы в базе данных. @@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ SELECT * FROM odbc('DSN=gregtest;Servername=some-server.com', 'test_db'); - `db` - имя базы данных. - `table` - имя таблицы. - `where` - условие выбора. Необязательный параметр. -- `invalidate_query` - запрос для проверки статуса словаря. Необязательный параметр. Читайте подробнее в разделе [Обновление словарей](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_lifetime). +- `invalidate_query` - запрос для проверки статуса словаря. Необязательный параметр. Читайте подробнее в разделе [Обновление словарей](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md). MySQL можно подключить на локальном хосте через сокеты, для этого необходимо задать `host` и `socket`. @@ -387,14 +387,14 @@ MySQL можно подключить на локальном хосте чер Поля настройки: -- `host` - хост ClickHouse. Если host локальный, то запрос выполняется без сетевого взаимодействия. Чтобы повысить отказоустойчивость решения, можно создать таблицу типа [Distributed](../../operations/table_engines/distributed.md#table_engines-distributed) и прописать её в дальнейших настройках. +- `host` - хост ClickHouse. Если host локальный, то запрос выполняется без сетевого взаимодействия. Чтобы повысить отказоустойчивость решения, можно создать таблицу типа [Distributed](../../operations/table_engines/distributed.md) и прописать её в дальнейших настройках. - `port` - порт сервера ClickHouse. - `user` - имя пользователя ClickHouse. - `password` - пароль пользователя ClickHouse. - `db` - имя базы данных. - `table` - имя таблицы. - `where` - условие выбора. Может отсутствовать. -- `invalidate_query` - запрос для проверки статуса словаря. Необязательный параметр. Читайте подробнее в разделе [Обновление словарей](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_lifetime). +- `invalidate_query` - запрос для проверки статуса словаря. Необязательный параметр. Читайте подробнее в разделе [Обновление словарей](external_dicts_dict_lifetime.md). diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_structure.md b/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_structure.md index 76271effe9c..22755baeefc 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_structure.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/external_dicts_dict_structure.md @@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ В структуре описываются столбцы: -- `` - [ключевой столбец](external_dicts_dict_structure.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_structure-key). -- `` - [столбец данных](external_dicts_dict_structure.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_structure-attributes). Столбцов может быть много. +- `` - [ключевой столбец](external_dicts_dict_structure.md). +- `` - [столбец данных](external_dicts_dict_structure.md). Столбцов может быть много. @@ -60,12 +60,12 @@ ClickHouse поддерживает следующие виды ключей: ### Составной ключ -Ключом может быть кортеж (`tuple`) из полей произвольных типов. [layout](external_dicts_dict_layout.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_layout) в этом случае должен быть `complex_key_hashed` или `complex_key_cache`. +Ключом может быть кортеж (`tuple`) из полей произвольных типов. [layout](external_dicts_dict_layout.md) в этом случае должен быть `complex_key_hashed` или `complex_key_cache`. !!! tip "Совет" Cоставной ключ может состоять из одного элемента. Это даёт возможность использовать в качестве ключа, например, строку. -Структура ключа задаётся в элементе ``. Поля ключа задаются в том же формате, что и [атрибуты](external_dicts_dict_structure.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_structure-attributes) словаря. Пример: +Структура ключа задаётся в элементе ``. Поля ключа задаются в том же формате, что и [атрибуты](external_dicts_dict_structure.md) словаря. Пример: ```xml diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/index.md b/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/index.md index 2ea9f67ce26..7ff6f6cbce4 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/index.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/index.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ ClickHouse поддерживает специальные функции для работы со словарями, которые можно использовать в запросах. Проще и эффективнее использовать словари с помощью функций, чем `JOIN` с таблицами-справочниками. -В словаре нельзя хранить значения [NULL](../syntax.md#null-literal). +В словаре нельзя хранить значения [NULL](../syntax.md). ClickHouse поддерживает: - [Встроенные словари](internal_dicts.md#internal_dicts) со специфическим [набором функций](../functions/ym_dict_functions.md#ym_dict_functions). -- [Подключаемые (внешние) словари](external_dicts.md#dicts-external_dicts) с [набором функций](../functions/ext_dict_functions.md#ext_dict_functions). +- [Подключаемые (внешние) словари](external_dicts.md) с [набором функций](../functions/ext_dict_functions.md#ext_dict_functions). [Оригинальная статья](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/ru/query_language/dicts/) diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/functions/array_functions.md b/docs/ru/query_language/functions/array_functions.md index 654bf308648..c01ab568fba 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/functions/array_functions.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/functions/array_functions.md @@ -55,8 +55,7 @@ arrayConcat(arrays) **Параметры** -- `arrays` – произвольное количество элементов типа [Array][../../data_types/array.md#data_type-array]. - +- `arrays` – произвольное количество элементов типа [Array][../../data_types/array.md **Пример** ```sql diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/functions/ext_dict_functions.md b/docs/ru/query_language/functions/ext_dict_functions.md index d80d309a02c..89b23d23671 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/functions/ext_dict_functions.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/functions/ext_dict_functions.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ # Функции для работы с внешними словарями -Информация о подключении и настройке внешних словарей смотрите в разделе "[Внешние словари](../dicts/external_dicts.md#dicts-external_dicts)". +Информация о подключении и настройке внешних словарей смотрите в разделе "[Внешние словари](../dicts/external_dicts.md)". ## dictGetUInt8, dictGetUInt16, dictGetUInt32, dictGetUInt64 diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/functions/functions_for_nulls.md b/docs/ru/query_language/functions/functions_for_nulls.md index 9173b466f5b..6eb716294a8 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/functions/functions_for_nulls.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/functions/functions_for_nulls.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ## isNull -Проверяет является ли аргумент [NULL](../syntax.md#null-literal). +Проверяет является ли аргумент [NULL](../syntax.md). ``` isNull(x) @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ WHERE isNull(y) ## isNotNull -Проверяет не является ли аргумент [NULL](../syntax.md#null-literal). +Проверяет не является ли аргумент [NULL](../syntax.md). ``` isNotNull(x) @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ SELECT nullIf(1, 2) ## assumeNotNull -Приводит значение типа [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable) к не `Nullable`, если значение не `NULL`. +Приводит значение типа [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md) к не `Nullable`, если значение не `NULL`. ``` assumeNotNull(x) diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/functions/geo.md b/docs/ru/query_language/functions/geo.md index 0b33bf5dab9..53ae2e13fab 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/functions/geo.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/functions/geo.md @@ -78,8 +78,7 @@ pointInPolygon((x, y), [(a, b), (c, d) ...], ...) **Входные значения** -- `(x, y)` — координаты точки на плоскости. Тип данных — [Tuple](../../data_types/tuple.md#data_type-tuple) - кортеж из двух чисел. -- `[(a, b), (c, d) ...]` — вершины многоугольника. Тип данных — [Array](../../data_types/array.md#data_type-array). Каждая вершина представлена парой координат `(a, b)`. Вершины следует указывать в порядке обхода по или против часовой стрелки. Минимальное количество вершин — 3. Многоугольник должен быть константным. +- `(x, y)` — координаты точки на плоскости. Тип данных — [Tuple](../../data_types/tuple.md- `[(a, b), (c, d) ...]` — вершины многоугольника. Тип данных — [Array](../../data_types/array.md). Каждая вершина представлена парой координат `(a, b)`. Вершины следует указывать в порядке обхода по или против часовой стрелки. Минимальное количество вершин — 3. Многоугольник должен быть константным. - функция поддерживает также многоугольники с дырками (вырезанными кусками). Для этого случая, добавьте многоугольники, описывающие вырезанные куски, дополнительными аргументами функции. Функция не поддерживает неодносвязные многоугольники. **Возвращаемые значения** diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/functions/in_functions.md b/docs/ru/query_language/functions/in_functions.md index 427f332423d..44934ea0024 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/functions/in_functions.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/functions/in_functions.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ # Функции для реализации оператора IN. ## in, notIn, globalIn, globalNotIn -Смотрите раздел [Операторы IN](../select.md/#query_language-in_operators). +Смотрите раздел [Операторы IN](../select.md/). ## tuple(x, y, ...), оператор (x, y, ...) Функция, позволяющая сгруппировать несколько столбцов. diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/functions/other_functions.md b/docs/ru/query_language/functions/other_functions.md index d7c70d61d52..038129bece4 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/functions/other_functions.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/functions/other_functions.md @@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ FROM ## getSizeOfEnumType -Возвращает количество полей в [Enum](../../data_types/enum.md#data_type-enum). +Возвращает количество полей в [Enum](../../data_types/enum.md). ``` getSizeOfEnumType(value) @@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ defaultValueOfArgumentType(expression) - `0` для чисел; - Пустая строка для строк; -- `ᴺᵁᴸᴸ` для [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable). +- `ᴺᵁᴸᴸ` для [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md). **Пример** @@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ SELECT defaultValueOfArgumentType(CAST(1, 'Nullable(Int8)')) **Пример** -Рассмотрим таблицу с тестовыми данными [ontime](../../getting_started/example_datasets/ontime.md#example_datasets-ontime). +Рассмотрим таблицу с тестовыми данными [ontime](../../getting_started/example_datasets/ontime.md). ``` SELECT count() FROM ontime diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/functions/type_conversion_functions.md b/docs/ru/query_language/functions/type_conversion_functions.md index 6b512574f6e..3fb464ca4f2 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/functions/type_conversion_functions.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/functions/type_conversion_functions.md @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ ## toDate, toDateTime ## toDecimal32(value, S), toDecimal64(value, S), toDecimal128(value, S) -Приводит строку или число value к типу [Decimal](../../data_types/decimal.md#data_type-decimal) указанной точности. +Приводит строку или число value к типу [Decimal](../../data_types/decimal.md) указанной точности. Параметр S (scale) определяет число десятичных знаков после запятой. ## toString @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ SELECT Преобразование в FixedString(N) работает только для аргументов типа String или FixedString(N). -Поддержано преобразование к типу [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable) и обратно. Пример: +Поддержано преобразование к типу [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md) и обратно. Пример: ``` SELECT toTypeName(x) FROM t_null diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/index.md b/docs/ru/query_language/index.md index 59313b15f8a..6c919518e1f 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/index.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/index.md @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ # Справка по SQL * [SELECT](select.md#select) -* [INSERT INTO](insert_into.md#queries-insert) -* [CREATE](create.md#create-database) +* [INSERT INTO](insert_into.md) +* [CREATE](create.md) * [ALTER](alter.md#query_language_queries_alter) -* [Прочие виды запросов](misc.md#miscellaneous-queries) +* [Прочие виды запросов](misc.md) [Оригинальная статья](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/ru/query_language/) diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/insert_into.md b/docs/ru/query_language/insert_into.md index 70e4d5529f2..dc7a82e77e5 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/insert_into.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/insert_into.md @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ INSERT INTO [db.]table [(c1, c2, c3)] VALUES (v11, v12, v13), (v21, v22, v23), . - Значения, вычисляемые из `DEFAULT` выражений, указанных в определении таблицы. - Нули и пустые строки, если `DEFAULT` не определены. -Если [strict_insert_defaults=1](../operations/settings/settings.md#settings-strict_insert_defaults), то столбцы, для которых не определены `DEFAULT`, необходимо перечислить в запросе. +Если [strict_insert_defaults=1](../operations/settings/settings.md), то столбцы, для которых не определены `DEFAULT`, необходимо перечислить в запросе. В INSERT можно передавать данные любого [формата](../interfaces/formats.md#formats), который поддерживает ClickHouse. Для этого формат необходимо указать в запросе в явном виде: diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/operators.md b/docs/ru/query_language/operators.md index ba2f80c8a1d..3f1157f775c 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/operators.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/operators.md @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ ## Операторы для работы с множествами -*Смотрите раздел [Операторы IN](select.md/#query_language-in_operators).* +*Смотрите раздел [Операторы IN](select.md/).* `a IN ...` - функция `in(a, b)` @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ ClickHouse поддерживает операторы `IS NULL` и `IS NOT NULL ### IS NULL -- Для значений типа [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable) оператор `IS NULL` возвращает: +- Для значений типа [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md) оператор `IS NULL` возвращает: - `1`, если значение — `NULL`. - `0` в обратном случае. - Для прочих значений оператор `IS NULL` всегда возвращает `0`. @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ WHERE isNull(y) ### IS NOT NULL -- Для значений типа [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable) оператор `IS NOT NULL` возвращает: +- Для значений типа [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md) оператор `IS NOT NULL` возвращает: - `0`, если значение — `NULL`. - `1`, в обратном случае. - Для прочих значений оператор `IS NOT NULL` всегда возвращает `1`. diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/select.md b/docs/ru/query_language/select.md index 9e55aeaf7b1..2a5d9820abc 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/select.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/select.md @@ -437,22 +437,22 @@ LIMIT 10 #### Обработка NULL -На поведение JOIN влияет настройка [join_use_nulls](../operations/settings/settings.md#settings-join_use_nulls). При `join_use_nulls=1` `JOIN` работает как в стандартном SQL. +На поведение JOIN влияет настройка [join_use_nulls](../operations/settings/settings.md). При `join_use_nulls=1` `JOIN` работает как в стандартном SQL. -Если ключами JOIN выступают поля типа [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md#data_types-nullable), то строки, где хотя бы один из ключей имеет значение [NULL](syntax.md#null-literal), не соединяются. +Если ключами JOIN выступают поля типа [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md#data_types-nullable), то строки, где хотя бы один из ключей имеет значение [NULL](syntax.md), не соединяются. ### Секция WHERE -Позволяет задать выражение, которое ClickHouse использует для фильтрации данных перед всеми другими действиями в запросе кроме выражений, содержащихся в секции [PREWHERE](#query_language-queries-prewhere). Обычно, это выражение с логическими операторами. +Позволяет задать выражение, которое ClickHouse использует для фильтрации данных перед всеми другими действиями в запросе кроме выражений, содержащихся в секции [PREWHERE](). Обычно, это выражение с логическими операторами. Результат выражения должен иметь тип `UInt8`. ClickHouse использует в выражении индексы, если это позволяет [движок таблицы](../operations/table_engines/index.md#table_engines). -Если в секции необходимо проверить [NULL](syntax.md#null-literal), то используйте операторы [IS NULL](operators.md#operator-is-null) и [IS NOT NULL](operators.md#operator-is-not-null), а также соответствующие функции `isNull` и `isNotNull`. В противном случае выражение будет считаться всегда не выполненным. +Если в секции необходимо проверить [NULL](syntax.md#null-literal), то используйте операторы [IS NULL](operators.md#operator-is-null) и [IS NOT NULL](operators.md), а также соответствующие функции `isNull` и `isNotNull`. В противном случае выражение будет считаться всегда не выполненным. Пример проверки на `NULL`: @@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ WHERE isNull(y) ### Секция PREWHERE -Имеет такой же смысл, как и секция [WHERE](#query_language-queries-where). Отличие состоит в том, какие данные читаются из таблицы. +Имеет такой же смысл, как и секция [WHERE](). Отличие состоит в том, какие данные читаются из таблицы. При использовании `PREWHERE`, из таблицы сначала читаются только столбцы, необходимые для выполнения `PREWHERE`. Затем читаются остальные столбцы, нужные для выполнения запроса, но из них только те блоки, в которых выражение в `PREWHERE` истинное. `PREWHERE` имеет смысл использовать, если есть условия фильтрации, которые использует меньшинство столбцов из тех, что есть в запросе, но достаточно сильно фильтрует данные. Таким образом, сокращается количество читаемых данных. @@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ GROUP BY вычисляет для каждого встретившегося #### Обработка NULL -При группировке, ClickHouse рассматривает [NULL](syntax.md#null-literal) как значение, причём `NULL=NULL`. +При группировке, ClickHouse рассматривает [NULL](syntax.md) как значение, причём `NULL=NULL`. Рассмотрим, что это значит на примере. @@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ LIMIT 100 Запрос выберет топ 5 рефереров для каждой пары `domain, device_type`, но не более 100 строк (`LIMIT n BY + LIMIT`). -`LIMIT n BY` работает с [NULL](syntax.md#null-literal) как если бы это было конкретное значение. Т.е. в результате запроса пользователь получит все комбинации полей, указанных в `BY`. +`LIMIT n BY` работает с [NULL](syntax.md) как если бы это было конкретное значение. Т.е. в результате запроса пользователь получит все комбинации полей, указанных в `BY`. ### Секция HAVING @@ -712,9 +712,9 @@ WHERE и HAVING отличаются тем, что WHERE выполняется `DISTINCT` не поддерживается, если в `SELECT` присутствует хотя бы один столбец типа массив. -`DISTINCT` работает с [NULL](syntax.md#null-literal) как если бы `NULL` был конкретным значением, причём `NULL=NULL`. Т.е. в результате `DISTINCT` разные комбинации с `NULL` встретятся только по одному разу. +`DISTINCT` работает с [NULL](syntax.md) как если бы `NULL` был конкретным значением, причём `NULL=NULL`. Т.е. в результате `DISTINCT` разные комбинации с `NULL` встретятся только по одному разу. -`DISTINCT` работает с [NULL](syntax.md#null-literal) как если бы `NULL` был конкретным значением, причём `NULL=NULL`. Т.е. в результате `DISTINCT` разные комбинации с `NULL` встретятся только по одному разу. +`DISTINCT` работает с [NULL](syntax.md) как если бы `NULL` был конкретным значением, причём `NULL=NULL`. Т.е. в результате `DISTINCT` разные комбинации с `NULL` встретятся только по одному разу. ### Секция LIMIT @@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ ORDER BY EventDate ASC #### Обработка NULL -При обработке запроса оператор IN будет считать, что результат операции с [NULL](syntax.md#null-literal) всегда равен `0`, независимо от того, находится `NULL` в правой или левой части оператора. Значения `NULL` не входят ни в какое множество, не соответствуют друг другу и не могут сравниваться. +При обработке запроса оператор IN будет считать, что результат операции с [NULL](syntax.md) всегда равен `0`, независимо от того, находится `NULL` в правой или левой части оператора. Значения `NULL` не входят ни в какое множество, не соответствуют друг другу и не могут сравниваться. Рассмотрим для примера таблицу `t_null`: @@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ FROM t_null Существует два варианта IN-ов с подзапросами (аналогично для JOIN-ов): обычный `IN` / `JOIN` и `GLOBAL IN` / `GLOBAL JOIN`. Они отличаются способом выполнения при распределённой обработке запроса. !!! attention - Помните, что алгоритмы, описанные ниже, могут работать иначе в зависимости от [настройки](../operations/settings/settings.md#settings-distributed_product_mode) `distributed_product_mode`. + Помните, что алгоритмы, описанные ниже, могут работать иначе в зависимости от [настройки](../operations/settings/settings.md) `distributed_product_mode`. При использовании обычного IN-а, запрос отправляется на удалённые серверы, и на каждом из них выполняются подзапросы в секциях `IN` / `JOIN`. diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/syntax.md b/docs/ru/query_language/syntax.md index a09074a5681..f2008fd8260 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/syntax.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/syntax.md @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ INSERT INTO t VALUES (1, 'Hello, world'), (2, 'abc'), (3, 'def') ### Строковые -Поддерживаются только строковые литералы в одинарных кавычках. Символы внутри могут быть экранированы с помощью обратного слеша. Следующие escape-последовательности имеют соответствующее специальное значение: `\b`, `\f`, `\r`, `\n`, `\t`, `\0`, `\a`, `\v`, `\xHH`. Во всех остальных случаях, последовательности вида `\c`, где c - любой символ, преобразуется в c. Таким образом, могут быть использованы последовательности `\'` и `\\`. Значение будет иметь тип [String](../data_types/string.md#data_types-string). +Поддерживаются только строковые литералы в одинарных кавычках. Символы внутри могут быть экранированы с помощью обратного слеша. Следующие escape-последовательности имеют соответствующее специальное значение: `\b`, `\f`, `\r`, `\n`, `\t`, `\0`, `\a`, `\v`, `\xHH`. Во всех остальных случаях, последовательности вида `\c`, где c - любой символ, преобразуется в c. Таким образом, могут быть использованы последовательности `\'` и `\\`. Значение будет иметь тип [String](../data_types/string.md). Минимальный набор символов, которых вам необходимо экранировать в строковых литералах: `'` и `\`. @@ -73,13 +73,13 @@ INSERT INTO t VALUES (1, 'Hello, world'), (2, 'abc'), (3, 'def') Обозначает, что значение отсутствует. -Чтобы в поле таблицы можно было хранить `NULL`, оно должно быть типа [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable). +Чтобы в поле таблицы можно было хранить `NULL`, оно должно быть типа [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md). В зависимости от формата данных (входных или выходных) `NULL` может иметь различное представление. Подробнее смотрите в документации для [форматов данных](../interfaces/formats.md#formats). При обработке `NULL` есть множество особенностей. Например, если хотя бы один из аргументов операции сравнения — `NULL`, то результатом такой операции тоже будет `NULL`. Этим же свойством обладают операции умножения, сложения и пр. Подробнее читайте в документации на каждую операцию. -В запросах можно проверить `NULL` с помощью операторов [IS NULL](operators.md#operator-is-null) и [IS NOT NULL](operators.md#operator-is-not-null), а также соответствующих функций `isNull` и `isNotNull`. +В запросах можно проверить `NULL` с помощью операторов [IS NULL](operators.md#operator-is-null) и [IS NOT NULL](operators.md), а также соответствующих функций `isNull` и `isNotNull`. ## Функции diff --git a/docs/ru/query_language/table_functions/remote.md b/docs/ru/query_language/table_functions/remote.md index acd623a583e..24380b31cc1 100644 --- a/docs/ru/query_language/table_functions/remote.md +++ b/docs/ru/query_language/table_functions/remote.md @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ example01-{01..02}-1 При наличии нескольких пар фигурных скобок, генерируется прямое произведение соответствующих множеств. -Адреса или их фрагменты в фигурных скобках можно указать через символ |. В этом случае, соответствующие множества адресов понимаются как реплики - запрос будет отправлен на первую живую реплику. При этом, реплики перебираются в порядке, согласно текущей настройке [load_balancing](../../operations/settings/settings.md#settings-load_balancing). +Адреса или их фрагменты в фигурных скобках можно указать через символ |. В этом случае, соответствующие множества адресов понимаются как реплики - запрос будет отправлен на первую живую реплику. При этом, реплики перебираются в порядке, согласно текущей настройке [load_balancing](../../operations/settings/settings.md). Пример: diff --git a/docs/tools/mkdocs-material-theme/assets/javascripts/modernizr.js b/docs/tools/mkdocs-material-theme/assets/javascripts/modernizr.js index 847a8a3de8c..09d8976825b 100644 --- a/docs/tools/mkdocs-material-theme/assets/javascripts/modernizr.js +++ b/docs/tools/mkdocs-material-theme/assets/javascripts/modernizr.js @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ __webpack_require__(5); ;(function(window){ /*! modernizr 3.5.0 (Custom Build) | MIT * * https://modernizr.com/download/?-checked-csstransforms3d-dataset-details-fetch-json-svg-target-addtest-setclasses !*/ -!function(e,t,n){function r(e,t){return typeof e===t}function i(){var e,t,n,i,o,s,a;for(var l in w)if(w.hasOwnProperty(l)){if(e=[],t=w[l],t.name&&(e.push(t.name.toLowerCase()),t.options&&t.options.aliases&&t.options.aliases.length))for(n=0;nd;d++)if(m=e[d],g=E.style[m],f(m,"-")&&(m=h(m)),E.style[m]!==n){if(o||r(i,"undefined"))return s(),"pfx"==t?m:!0;try{E.style[m]=i}catch(y){}if(E.style[m]!=g)return s(),"pfx"==t?m:!0}return 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.md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#e040fb}[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#e040fb}[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(224,64,251,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#e040fb}[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#e040fb}button[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple]{background-color:#7c4dff}[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#7c4dff}[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#7c4dff}[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#7c4dff}[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#7c4dff}[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(124,77,255,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#7c4dff}[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#7c4dff}button[data-md-color-accent=indigo]{background-color:#536dfe}[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#536dfe}[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#536dfe}[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#536dfe}[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#536dfe}[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(83,109,254,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#536dfe}[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#536dfe}button[data-md-color-accent=blue]{background-color:#448aff}[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#448aff}[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#448aff}[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#448aff}[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#448aff}[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(68,138,255,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#448aff}[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#448aff}button[data-md-color-accent=light-blue]{background-color:#0091ea}[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#0091ea}[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#0091ea}[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#0091ea}[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#0091ea}[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(0,145,234,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#0091ea}[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#0091ea}button[data-md-color-accent=cyan]{background-color:#00b8d4}[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#00b8d4}[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00b8d4}[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#00b8d4}[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00b8d4}[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(0,184,212,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00b8d4}[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#00b8d4}button[data-md-color-accent=teal]{background-color:#00bfa5}[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#00bfa5}[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00bfa5}[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#00bfa5}[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00bfa5}[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(0,191,165,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00bfa5}[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#00bfa5}button[data-md-color-accent=green]{background-color:#00c853}[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#00c853}[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00c853}[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#00c853}[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00c853}[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(0,200,83,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00c853}[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#00c853}button[data-md-color-accent=light-green]{background-color:#64dd17}[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#64dd17}[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#64dd17}[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#64dd17}[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#64dd17}[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(100,221,23,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#64dd17}[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#64dd17}button[data-md-color-accent=lime]{background-color:#aeea00}[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#aeea00}[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#aeea00}[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#aeea00}[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#aeea00}[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(174,234,0,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#aeea00}[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#aeea00}button[data-md-color-accent=yellow]{background-color:#ffd600}[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#ffd600}[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ffd600}[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#ffd600}[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ffd600}[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(255,214,0,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ffd600}[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#ffd600}button[data-md-color-accent=amber]{background-color:#ffab00}[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#ffab00}[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ffab00}[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#ffab00}[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ffab00}[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(255,171,0,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ffab00}[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#ffab00}button[data-md-color-accent=orange]{background-color:#ff9100}[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#ff9100}[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ff9100}[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#ff9100}[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ff9100}[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(255,145,0,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ff9100}[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#ff9100}button[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange]{background-color:#ff6e40}[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#ff6e40}[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ff6e40}[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#ff6e40}[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ff6e40}[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(255,110,64,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ff6e40}[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#ff6e40}@media only screen and (max-width:59.9375em){[data-md-color-primary=red] .md-nav__source{background-color:rgba(190,66,64,.9675)}[data-md-color-primary=pink] .md-nav__source{background-color:rgba(185,24,79,.9675)}[data-md-color-primary=purple] .md-nav__source{background-color:rgba(136,57,150,.9675)}[data-md-color-primary=deep-purple] .md-nav__source{background-color:rgba(100,69,154,.9675)}[data-md-color-primary=indigo] .md-nav__source{background-color:rgba(50,64,144,.9675)}[data-md-color-primary=blue] .md-nav__source{background-color:rgba(26,119,193,.9675)}[data-md-color-primary=light-blue] .md-nav__source{background-color:rgba(2,134,194,.9675)}[data-md-color-primary=cyan] .md-nav__source{background-color:rgba(0,150,169,.9675)}[data-md-color-primary=teal] .md-nav__source{background-color:rgba(0,119,108,.9675)}[data-md-color-primary=green] .md-nav__source{background-color:rgba(60,139,64,.9675)}[data-md-color-primary=light-green] .md-nav__source{background-color:rgba(99,142,53,.9675)}[data-md-color-primary=lime] 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.md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#e040fb}[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#e040fb}[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(224,64,251,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#e040fb}[data-md-color-accent=purple] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#e040fb}button[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple]{background-color:#7c4dff}[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#7c4dff}[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#7c4dff}[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#7c4dff}[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#7c4dff}[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(124,77,255,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#7c4dff}[data-md-color-accent=deep-purple] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#7c4dff}button[data-md-color-accent=indigo]{background-color:#536dfe}[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#536dfe}[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#536dfe}[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#536dfe}[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#536dfe}[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(83,109,254,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#536dfe}[data-md-color-accent=indigo] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#536dfe}button[data-md-color-accent=blue]{background-color:#448aff}[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#448aff}[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#448aff}[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#448aff}[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#448aff}[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(68,138,255,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#448aff}[data-md-color-accent=blue] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#448aff}button[data-md-color-accent=light-blue]{background-color:#0091ea}[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#0091ea}[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#0091ea}[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#0091ea}[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#0091ea}[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(0,145,234,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#0091ea}[data-md-color-accent=light-blue] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#0091ea}button[data-md-color-accent=cyan]{background-color:#00b8d4}[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#00b8d4}[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00b8d4}[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#00b8d4}[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00b8d4}[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(0,184,212,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00b8d4}[data-md-color-accent=cyan] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#00b8d4}button[data-md-color-accent=teal]{background-color:#00bfa5}[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#00bfa5}[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00bfa5}[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#00bfa5}[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00bfa5}[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(0,191,165,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00bfa5}[data-md-color-accent=teal] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#00bfa5}button[data-md-color-accent=green]{background-color:#00c853}[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#00c853}[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00c853}[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#00c853}[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00c853}[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(0,200,83,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#00c853}[data-md-color-accent=green] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#00c853}button[data-md-color-accent=light-green]{background-color:#64dd17}[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#64dd17}[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#64dd17}[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#64dd17}[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#64dd17}[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(100,221,23,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#64dd17}[data-md-color-accent=light-green] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#64dd17}button[data-md-color-accent=lime]{background-color:#aeea00}[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#aeea00}[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#aeea00}[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#aeea00}[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#aeea00}[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(174,234,0,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#aeea00}[data-md-color-accent=lime] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#aeea00}button[data-md-color-accent=yellow]{background-color:#ffd600}[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#ffd600}[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ffd600}[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#ffd600}[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ffd600}[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(255,214,0,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ffd600}[data-md-color-accent=yellow] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#ffd600}button[data-md-color-accent=amber]{background-color:#ffab00}[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#ffab00}[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ffab00}[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#ffab00}[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ffab00}[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(255,171,0,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ffab00}[data-md-color-accent=amber] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#ffab00}button[data-md-color-accent=orange]{background-color:#ff9100}[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#ff9100}[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ff9100}[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:active:before,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset .md-clipboard:hover:before,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset [id] .headerlink:focus,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset [id]:hover .headerlink:hover,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-typeset [id]:target .headerlink{color:#ff9100}[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-search__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ff9100}[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-search-result__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-search-result__link[data-md-state=active]{background-color:rgba(255,145,0,.1)}[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-sidebar__scrollwrap::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ff9100}[data-md-color-accent=orange] .md-source-file:hover:before{background-color:#ff9100}button[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange]{background-color:#ff6e40}[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-typeset a:active,[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-typeset a:hover{color:#ff6e40}[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-typeset .codehilite pre::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-typeset pre code::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:#ff6e40}[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-nav__link:focus,[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-nav__link:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-typeset .footnote li:hover .footnote-backref:hover,[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] .md-typeset .footnote li:target .footnote-backref,[data-md-color-accent=deep-orange] 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sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;charset=utf-8;base64,eyJ2ZXJzaW9uIjozLCJzb3VyY2VzIjpbXSwibmFtZXMiOltdLCJtYXBwaW5ncyI6IiIsImZpbGUiOiJhc3NldHMvc3R5bGVzaGVldHMvYXBwbGljYXRpb24uYWM2NDI1MWUuY3NzIiwic291cmNlUm9vdCI6IiJ9*/ diff --git a/docs/zh/data_types/array.md b/docs/zh/data_types/array.md index 00e07d38be0..845b91b4158 100644 --- a/docs/zh/data_types/array.md +++ b/docs/zh/data_types/array.md @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ SELECT ## 使用数据类型 -ClickHouse会自动检测数组元素,并根据元素计算出存储这些元素最小的数据类型。如果在元素中存在[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal)或存在[Nullable](nullable.md#data_type-nullable)类型元素，那么数组的元素类型将会变成[Nullable](nullable.md#data_type-nullable)。 +ClickHouse会自动检测数组元素,并根据元素计算出存储这些元素最小的数据类型。如果在元素中存在[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal)或存在[Nullable](nullable.md#data_type-nullable)类型元素，那么数组的元素类型将会变成[Nullable](nullable.md)。 如果 ClickHouse 无法确定数据类型，它将产生异常。当尝试同时创建一个包含字符串和数字的数组时会发生这种情况 (`SELECT array(1, 'a')`)。 diff --git a/docs/zh/data_types/enum.md b/docs/zh/data_types/enum.md index 5a4347aeb9a..dd469b04eb5 100644 --- a/docs/zh/data_types/enum.md +++ b/docs/zh/data_types/enum.md @@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ SELECT toTypeName(CAST('a', 'Enum8(\'a\' = 1, \'b\' = 2)')) `Enum8` 类型的每个值范围是 `-128 ... 127`，`Enum16` 类型的每个值范围是 `-32768 ... 32767`。所有的字符串或者数字都必须是不一样的。允许存在空字符串。如果某个 Enum 类型被指定了（在表定义的时候），数字可以是任意顺序。然而，顺序并不重要。 -`Enum` 中的字符串和数值都不能是 [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal)。 +`Enum` 中的字符串和数值都不能是 [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md)。 -`Enum` 包含在 [Nullable](nullable.md#data_type-nullable) 类型中。因此，如果您使用此查询创建一个表 +`Enum` 包含在 [Nullable](nullable.md) 类型中。因此，如果您使用此查询创建一个表 ``` CREATE TABLE t_enum_nullable diff --git a/docs/zh/data_types/float.md b/docs/zh/data_types/float.md index f66cb698365..7c71fc5e260 100644 --- a/docs/zh/data_types/float.md +++ b/docs/zh/data_types/float.md @@ -69,4 +69,4 @@ SELECT 0 / 0 └──────────────┘ ``` -可以在[ORDER BY 子句](../query_language/select.md#query_language-queries-order_by) 查看更多关于 ` NaN` 排序的规则。 +可以在[ORDER BY 子句](../query_language/select.md) 查看更多关于 ` NaN` 排序的规则。 diff --git a/docs/zh/data_types/nullable.md b/docs/zh/data_types/nullable.md index 95db5ead679..53f6e7e9f8b 100644 --- a/docs/zh/data_types/nullable.md +++ b/docs/zh/data_types/nullable.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ # Nullable(TypeName) -允许用特殊标记 ([NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal)) 表示"缺失值"，可以与 `TypeName` 的正常值存放一起。例如，`Nullable(Int8)` 类型的列可以存储 `Int8` 类型值，而没有值的行将存储 `NULL`。 +允许用特殊标记 ([NULL](../query_language/syntax.md)) 表示"缺失值"，可以与 `TypeName` 的正常值存放一起。例如，`Nullable(Int8)` 类型的列可以存储 `Int8` 类型值，而没有值的行将存储 `NULL`。 -对于 `TypeName`，不能使用复合数据类型 [Array](array.md#data_type is array) 和 [Tuple](tuple.md#data_type-tuple)。复合数据类型可以包含 `Nullable` 类型值，例如`Array(Nullable(Int8))`。 +对于 `TypeName`，不能使用复合数据类型 [Array](array.md#data_type is array) 和 [Tuple](tuple.md)。复合数据类型可以包含 `Nullable` 类型值，例如`Array(Nullable(Int8))`。 `Nullable` 类型字段不能包含在表索引中。 diff --git a/docs/zh/data_types/special_data_types/nothing.md b/docs/zh/data_types/special_data_types/nothing.md index 5f282df761e..8e0b259bae4 100644 --- a/docs/zh/data_types/special_data_types/nothing.md +++ b/docs/zh/data_types/special_data_types/nothing.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ 此数据类型的唯一目的是表示不是期望值的情况。 所以不能创建一个 `Nothing` 类型的值。 -例如，文本 [NULL](../../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) 的类型为 `Nullable(Nothing)`。详情请见 [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable)。 +例如，文本 [NULL](../../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) 的类型为 `Nullable(Nothing)`。详情请见 [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md)。 `Nothing` 类型也可以用来表示空数组： diff --git a/docs/zh/data_types/tuple.md b/docs/zh/data_types/tuple.md index 40f2a5bdd73..d1c92c7eae8 100644 --- a/docs/zh/data_types/tuple.md +++ b/docs/zh/data_types/tuple.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ 元组，其中每个元素都有单独的 [类型](index.md#data_types)。 -不能在表中存储元组（除了内存表）。它们可以用于临时列分组。在查询中，IN 表达式和带特定参数的 lambda 函数可以来对临时列进行分组。更多信息，请参阅 [IN 操作符](../query_language/select.md#query_language-in_operators) and [Higher order functions](../query_language/functions/higher_order_functions.md#higher_order_functions)。 +不能在表中存储元组（除了内存表）。它们可以用于临时列分组。在查询中，IN 表达式和带特定参数的 lambda 函数可以来对临时列进行分组。更多信息，请参阅 [IN 操作符](../query_language/select.md) and [Higher order functions](../query_language/functions/higher_order_functions.md#higher_order_functions)。 元组可以是查询的结果。在这种情况下，对于JSON以外的文本格式，括号中的值是逗号分隔的。在JSON格式中，元组作为数组输出（在方括号中）。 @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ SELECT ## 元组中的数据类型 -在动态创建元组时，ClickHouse 会自动为元组的每一个参数赋予最小可表达的类型。如果参数为 [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal)，那这个元组对应元素是 [Nullable](nullable.md#data_type-nullable)。 +在动态创建元组时，ClickHouse 会自动为元组的每一个参数赋予最小可表达的类型。如果参数为 [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal)，那这个元组对应元素是 [Nullable](nullable.md)。 自动数据类型检测示例： diff --git a/docs/zh/images/column_oriented.gif b/docs/zh/images/column_oriented.gif index 15f4b12e697..5a0e5b8e15e 100644 Binary files a/docs/zh/images/column_oriented.gif and b/docs/zh/images/column_oriented.gif differ diff --git a/docs/zh/images/row_oriented.gif b/docs/zh/images/row_oriented.gif index 53daa20f322..6e7c5889ccf 100644 Binary files a/docs/zh/images/row_oriented.gif and b/docs/zh/images/row_oriented.gif differ diff --git a/docs/zh/interfaces/cli.md b/docs/zh/interfaces/cli.md index c9a287a1efd..bf207034e4b 100644 --- a/docs/zh/interfaces/cli.md +++ b/docs/zh/interfaces/cli.md @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ cat file.csv | clickhouse-client --database=test --query="INSERT INTO test FORMA 您可以通过 Ctrl+C 来取消一个长时间的查询。然而，您依然需要等待服务端来中止请求。在某个阶段去取消查询是不可能的。如果您不等待并再次按下 Ctrl + C，客户端将会退出。 -命令行客户端允许通过外部数据 （外部临时表） 来查询。更多相关信息，请参考 "[外部数据查询处理](../operations/table_engines/external_data.md#external-data)". +命令行客户端允许通过外部数据 （外部临时表） 来查询。更多相关信息，请参考 "[外部数据查询处理](../operations/table_engines/external_data.md)". diff --git a/docs/zh/interfaces/formats.md b/docs/zh/interfaces/formats.md index fdfb2ccb0e7..c0a0dea6e81 100644 --- a/docs/zh/interfaces/formats.md +++ b/docs/zh/interfaces/formats.md @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ world 数组写在方括号内的逗号分隔值列表中。 通常情况下，数组中的数字项目会被拼凑，但日期，带时间的日期以及字符串将使用与上面相同的转义规则用单引号引起来。 -[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) 将输出为 `\N`。 +[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md) 将输出为 `\N`。 @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ SearchPhrase=curtain designs count()=1064 SearchPhrase=baku count()=1000 ``` -[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) 输出为 `\N`。 +[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md) 输出为 `\N`。 ``` sql SELECT * FROM t_null FORMAT TSKV @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ JSON 与 JavaScript 兼容。为了确保这一点，一些字符被另外转义 该格式仅适用于输出查询结果，但不适用于解析输入（将数据插入到表中）。 -ClickHouse 支持 [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal), 在 JSON 格式中以 `null` 输出来表示. +ClickHouse 支持 [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md), 在 JSON 格式中以 `null` 输出来表示. 参考 JSONEachRow 格式。 @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ ClickHouse 支持 [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal), 在 JSON 格 它会绘制一个完整的表格，每行数据在终端中占用两行。 每一个结果块都会以单独的表格输出。这是很有必要的，以便结果块不用缓冲结果输出（缓冲在可以预见结果集宽度的时候是很有必要的）。 -[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) 输出为 `ᴺᵁᴸᴸ`。 +[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md) 输出为 `ᴺᵁᴸᴸ`。 ``` sql SELECT * FROM t_null @@ -456,11 +456,11 @@ FixedString 被简单地表示为一个字节序列。 数组表示为 varint 长度（无符号[LEB128](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEB128)），后跟有序的数组元素。 -对于 [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) 的支持， 一个为 1 或 0 的字节会加在每个 [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable) 值前面。如果为 1, 那么该值就是 `NULL`。 如果为 0，则不为 `NULL`。 +对于 [NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) 的支持， 一个为 1 或 0 的字节会加在每个 [Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md) 值前面。如果为 1, 那么该值就是 `NULL`。 如果为 0，则不为 `NULL`。 ## Values -在括号中打印每一行。行由逗号分隔。最后一行之后没有逗号。括号内的值也用逗号分隔。数字以十进制格式输出，不含引号。 数组以方括号输出。带有时间的字符串，日期和时间用引号包围输出。转义字符的解析规则与 [TabSeparated](#tabseparated) 格式类似。 在格式化过程中，不插入额外的空格，但在解析过程中，空格是被允许并跳过的（除了数组值之外的空格，这是不允许的）。[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) 为 `NULL`。 +在括号中打印每一行。行由逗号分隔。最后一行之后没有逗号。括号内的值也用逗号分隔。数字以十进制格式输出，不含引号。 数组以方括号输出。带有时间的字符串，日期和时间用引号包围输出。转义字符的解析规则与 [TabSeparated](#tabseparated) 格式类似。 在格式化过程中，不插入额外的空格，但在解析过程中，空格是被允许并跳过的（除了数组值之外的空格，这是不允许的）。[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md) 为 `NULL`。 以 Values 格式传递数据时需要转义的最小字符集是：单引号和反斜线。 @@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ FixedString 被简单地表示为一个字节序列。 使用指定的列名在单独的行上打印每个值。如果每行都包含大量列，则此格式便于打印一行或几行。 -[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal) 输出为 `ᴺᵁᴸᴸ`。 +[NULL](../query_language/syntax.md) 输出为 `ᴺᵁᴸᴸ`。 示例: @@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ struct Message { } ``` -格式文件存储的目录可以在服务配置中的[ format_schema_path ](../operations/server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-format_schema_path) 指定。 +格式文件存储的目录可以在服务配置中的[ format_schema_path ](../operations/server_settings/settings.md) 指定。 Cap'n Proto 反序列化是很高效的，通常不会增加系统的负载。 diff --git a/docs/zh/interfaces/http.md b/docs/zh/interfaces/http.md index 8b150d059a9..cbf2f868ce1 100644 --- a/docs/zh/interfaces/http.md +++ b/docs/zh/interfaces/http.md @@ -192,11 +192,11 @@ $ echo 'SELECT number FROM system.numbers LIMIT 10' | curl 'http://localhost:812 相比起 TCP 原生接口，HTTP 接口不支持会话和会话设置的概念，不允许中止查询（准确地说，只在少数情况下允许），不显示查询处理的进展。执行解析和数据格式化都是在服务端处理，网络上会比 TCP 原生接口更低效。 -可选的 `query_id` 参数可能当做 query ID 传入（或者任何字符串）。更多信息，参见 "[设置 replace_running_query](../operations/settings/settings.md#replace-running-query)" 部分。 +可选的 `query_id` 参数可能当做 query ID 传入（或者任何字符串）。更多信息，参见 "[设置 replace_running_query](../operations/settings/settings.md)" 部分。 可选的 `quota_key` 参数可能当做 quota key 传入（或者任何字符串）。更多信息，参见 "[配额](../operations/quotas.md#quotas)" 部分。 -HTTP 接口允许传入额外的数据（外部临时表）来查询。更多信息，参见 "[外部数据查询处理](../operations/table_engines/external_data.md#external-data)" 部分。 +HTTP 接口允许传入额外的数据（外部临时表）来查询。更多信息，参见 "[外部数据查询处理](../operations/table_engines/external_data.md)" 部分。 ## 响应缓冲 diff --git a/docs/zh/introduction/distinctive_features.md b/docs/zh/introduction/distinctive_features.md index dffd855048d..6a9557a301c 100644 --- a/docs/zh/introduction/distinctive_features.md +++ b/docs/zh/introduction/distinctive_features.md @@ -59,6 +59,6 @@ ClickHouse提供各种各样在允许牺牲数据精度的情况下对查询进 ClickHouse使用异步的多主复制技术。当数据被写入任何一个可用副本后，系统会在后台将数据分发给其他副本，以保证系统在不同副本上保持相同的数据。在大多数情况下ClickHouse能在故障后自动恢复，在一些复杂的情况下需要少量的手动恢复。 -更多信息，参见[数据复制](../operations/table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication)。 +更多信息，参见[数据复制](../operations/table_engines/replication.md)。 [来源文章](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/introduction/distinctive_features/) diff --git a/docs/zh/introduction/performance.md b/docs/zh/introduction/performance.md index 1cd9f9f0692..06bcbd158b5 100644 --- a/docs/zh/introduction/performance.md +++ b/docs/zh/introduction/performance.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ 根据Yandex的内部测试结果，ClickHouse表现出了比同类可比较产品更优的性能。你可以在[这里](https://clickhouse.yandex/benchmark.html)查看具体的测试结果。 -许多其他的测试也证实这一点。你可以使用互联网搜索到它们，或者你也可以从[我们收集的部分相关连接](https://clickhouse.yandex/#independent-bookmarks)中查看。 +许多其他的测试也证实这一点。你可以使用互联网搜索到它们，或者你也可以从[我们收集的部分相关连接](https://clickhouse.yandex/)中查看。 ## 单个大查询的吞吐量 diff --git a/docs/zh/operations/access_rights.md b/docs/zh/operations/access_rights.md index 451be2c7322..22c3b3e7714 100644 --- a/docs/zh/operations/access_rights.md +++ b/docs/zh/operations/access_rights.md @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Users are recorded in the `users` section. Here is a fragment of the `users.xml` You can see a declaration from two users: `default`and`web`. We added the `web` user separately. -The `default` user is chosen in cases when the username is not passed. The `default` user is also used for distributed query processing, if the configuration of the server or cluster doesn't specify the `user` and `password` (see the section on the [Distributed](../operations/table_engines/distributed.md#table_engines-distributed) engine). +The `default` user is chosen in cases when the username is not passed. The `default` user is also used for distributed query processing, if the configuration of the server or cluster doesn't specify the `user` and `password` (see the section on the [Distributed](../operations/table_engines/distributed.md) engine). The user that is used for exchanging information between servers combined in a cluster must not have substantial restrictions or quotas – otherwise, distributed queries will fail. @@ -87,8 +87,7 @@ The config includes comments explaining how to open access from everywhere. For use in production, only specify `ip` elements (IP addresses and their masks), since using `host` and `hoost_regexp` might cause extra latency. -Next the user settings profile is specified (see the section "[Settings profiles](settings/settings_profiles.md#settings_profiles)"). You can specify the default profile, `default'`. The profile can have any name. You can specify the same profile for different users. The most important thing you can write in the settings profile is `readonly=1`, which ensures read-only access. - +Next the user settings profile is specified (see the section "[Settings profiles](settings/settings_profiles.md Then specify the quota to be used (see the section "[Quotas](quotas.md#quotas)"). You can specify the default quota: `default`. It is set in the config by default to only count resource usage, without restricting it. The quota can have any name. You can specify the same quota for different users – in this case, resource usage is calculated for each user individually. In the optional `` section, you can also specify a list of databases that the user can access. By default, all databases are available to the user. You can specify the `default` database. In this case, the user will receive access to the database by default. diff --git a/docs/zh/operations/configuration_files.md b/docs/zh/operations/configuration_files.md index a7cdfb124ee..e858ae25180 100644 --- a/docs/zh/operations/configuration_files.md +++ b/docs/zh/operations/configuration_files.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ If `replace` is specified, it replaces the entire element with the specified one If `remove` is specified, it deletes the element. -The config can also define "substitutions". If an element has the `incl` attribute, the corresponding substitution from the file will be used as the value. By default, the path to the file with substitutions is `/etc/metrika.xml`. This can be changed in the [include_from](server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-include_from) element in the server config. The substitution values are specified in `/yandex/substitution_name` elements in this file. If a substitution specified in `incl` does not exist, it is recorded in the log. To prevent ClickHouse from logging missing substitutions, specify the `optional="true"` attribute (for example, settings for [macros]() server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-macros)). +The config can also define "substitutions". If an element has the `incl` attribute, the corresponding substitution from the file will be used as the value. By default, the path to the file with substitutions is `/etc/metrika.xml`. This can be changed in the [include_from](server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-include_from) element in the server config. The substitution values are specified in `/yandex/substitution_name` elements in this file. If a substitution specified in `incl` does not exist, it is recorded in the log. To prevent ClickHouse from logging missing substitutions, specify the `optional="true"` attribute (for example, settings for [macros]() server_settings/settings.md)). Substitutions can also be performed from ZooKeeper. To do this, specify the attribute `from_zk = "/path/to/node"`. The element value is replaced with the contents of the node at `/path/to/node` in ZooKeeper. You can also put an entire XML subtree on the ZooKeeper node and it will be fully inserted into the source element. diff --git a/docs/zh/operations/server_settings/settings.md b/docs/zh/operations/server_settings/settings.md index 8e10969ed6b..cbaef77b890 100644 --- a/docs/zh/operations/server_settings/settings.md +++ b/docs/zh/operations/server_settings/settings.md @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ To get a list of databases, use the [ SHOW DATABASES](../../query_language/misc. Default settings profile. -Settings profiles are located in the file specified in the parameter [user_config](#server_settings-users_config). +Settings profiles are located in the file specified in the parameter [user_config](). **Example** @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Path: - Specify the absolute path or the path relative to the server config file. - The path can contain wildcards \* and ?. -See also "[External dictionaries](../../query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md#dicts-external_dicts)". +See also "[External dictionaries](../../query_language/dicts/external_dicts.md)". **Example** @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ You can configure multiple `` clauses. For instance, you can use this Settings for thinning data for Graphite. -For more details, see [GraphiteMergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md#table_engines-graphitemergetree). +For more details, see [GraphiteMergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md). **Example** @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ For more details, see [GraphiteMergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/graphit The port for connecting to the server over HTTP(s). -If `https_port` is specified, [openSSL](#server_settings-openSSL) must be configured. +If `https_port` is specified, [openSSL]() must be configured. If `http_port` is specified, the openSSL configuration is ignored even if it is set. @@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ Parameter substitutions for replicated tables. Can be omitted if replicated tables are not used. -For more information, see the section "[Creating replicated tables](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication-creation_of_rep_tables)". +For more information, see the section "[Creating replicated tables](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md)". **Example** @@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ For more information, see the section "[Creating replicated tables](../../operat ## mark_cache_size -Approximate size (in bytes) of the cache of "marks" used by [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). +Approximate size (in bytes) of the cache of "marks" used by [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md). The cache is shared for the server and memory is allocated as needed. The cache size must be at least 5368709120. @@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ We recommend using this option in Mac OS X, since the `getrlimit()` function ret Restriction on deleting tables. -If the size of a [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree) table exceeds `max_table_size_to_drop` (in bytes), you can't delete it using a DROP query. +If the size of a [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md) table exceeds `max_table_size_to_drop` (in bytes), you can't delete it using a DROP query. If you still need to delete the table without restarting the ClickHouse server, create the `/flags/force_drop_table` file and run the DROP query. @@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ The value 0 means that you can delete all tables without any restrictions. ## merge_tree -Fine tuning for tables in the [ MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). +Fine tuning for tables in the [ MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md). For more information, see the MergeTreeSettings.h header file. @@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ Keys for server/client settings: ## part_log -Logging events that are associated with [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). For instance, adding or merging data. You can use the log to simulate merge algorithms and compare their characteristics. You can visualize the merge process. +Logging events that are associated with [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md). For instance, adding or merging data. You can use the log to simulate merge algorithms and compare their characteristics. You can visualize the merge process. Queries are logged in the ClickHouse table, not in a separate file. @@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ Use the following parameters to configure logging: - database – Name of the database. - table – Name of the table. -- partition_by – Sets a [custom partitioning key](../../operations/table_engines/custom_partitioning_key.md#custom-partitioning-key). +- partition_by – Sets a [custom partitioning key](../../operations/table_engines/custom_partitioning_key.md). - flush_interval_milliseconds – Interval for flushing data from memory to the disk. **Example** @@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ The path to the directory containing data. ## query_log -Setting for logging queries received with the [log_queries=1](../settings/settings.md#settings_settings-log_queries) setting. +Setting for logging queries received with the [log_queries=1](../settings/settings.md) setting. Queries are logged in the ClickHouse table, not in a separate file. @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ Use the following parameters to configure logging: - database – Name of the database. - table – Name of the table. -- partition_by – Sets a [custom partitioning key](../../operations/table_engines/custom_partitioning_key.md#custom-partitioning-key). +- partition_by – Sets a [custom partitioning key](../../operations/table_engines/custom_partitioning_key.md). - flush_interval_milliseconds – Interval for flushing data from memory to the disk. If the table doesn't exist, ClickHouse will create it. If the structure of the query log changed when the ClickHouse server was updated, the table with the old structure is renamed, and a new table is created automatically. @@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ If the table doesn't exist, ClickHouse will create it. If the structure of the q Configuration of clusters used by the Distributed table engine. -For more information, see the section "[Table engines/Distributed](../../operations/table_engines/distributed.md#table_engines-distributed)". +For more information, see the section "[Table engines/Distributed](../../operations/table_engines/distributed.md)". **Example** @@ -660,9 +660,9 @@ Path to temporary data for processing large queries. ## uncompressed_cache_size -Cache size (in bytes) for uncompressed data used by table engines from the [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). +Cache size (in bytes) for uncompressed data used by table engines from the [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md). -There is one shared cache for the server. Memory is allocated on demand. The cache is used if the option [use_uncompressed_cache](../settings/settings.md#settings-use_uncompressed_cache) is enabled. +There is one shared cache for the server. Memory is allocated on demand. The cache is used if the option [use_uncompressed_cache](../settings/settings.md) is enabled. The uncompressed cache is advantageous for very short queries in individual cases. @@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ The uncompressed cache is advantageous for very short queries in individual case ## user_files_path -The directory with user files. Used in the table function [file()](../../query_language/table_functions/file.md#table_functions-file). +The directory with user files. Used in the table function [file()](../../query_language/table_functions/file.md). **Example** @@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ ClickHouse uses ZooKeeper for storing replica metadata when using replicated tab This parameter can be omitted if replicated tables are not used. -For more information, see the section "[Replication](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication)". +For more information, see the section "[Replication](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md)". **Example** diff --git a/docs/zh/operations/settings/settings.md b/docs/zh/operations/settings/settings.md index 8afea8e5d35..5976a90ef81 100644 --- a/docs/zh/operations/settings/settings.md +++ b/docs/zh/operations/settings/settings.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ## distributed_product_mode -Changes the behavior of [distributed subqueries](../../query_language/select.md#queries-distributed-subrequests). +Changes the behavior of [distributed subqueries](../../query_language/select.md). ClickHouse applies this setting when the query contains the product of distributed tables, i.e. when the query for a distributed table contains a non-GLOBAL subquery for the distributed table. @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Restrictions: - Only applied for IN and JOIN subqueries. - Only if the FROM section uses a distributed table containing more than one shard. - If the subquery concerns a distributed table containing more than one shard, -- Not used for a table-valued [remote](../../query_language/table_functions/remote.md#table_functions-remote) function. +- Not used for a table-valued [remote](../../query_language/table_functions/remote.md) function. The possible values ​​are: @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ The possible values ​​are: ## fallback_to_stale_replicas_for_distributed_queries -Forces a query to an out-of-date replica if updated data is not available. See "[Replication](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication)". +Forces a query to an out-of-date replica if updated data is not available. See "[Replication](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md)". ClickHouse selects the most relevant from the outdated replicas of the table. @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Disables query execution if the index can't be used by date. Works with tables in the MergeTree family. -If `force_index_by_date=1`, ClickHouse checks whether the query has a date key condition that can be used for restricting data ranges. If there is no suitable condition, it throws an exception. However, it does not check whether the condition actually reduces the amount of data to read. For example, the condition `Date != ' 2000-01-01 '` is acceptable even when it matches all the data in the table (i.e., running the query requires a full scan). For more information about ranges of data in MergeTree tables, see "[MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree)". +If `force_index_by_date=1`, ClickHouse checks whether the query has a date key condition that can be used for restricting data ranges. If there is no suitable condition, it throws an exception. However, it does not check whether the condition actually reduces the amount of data to read. For example, the condition `Date != ' 2000-01-01 '` is acceptable even when it matches all the data in the table (i.e., running the query requires a full scan). For more information about ranges of data in MergeTree tables, see "[MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md)". @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Disables query execution if indexing by the primary key is not possible. Works with tables in the MergeTree family. -If `force_primary_key=1`, ClickHouse checks to see if the query has a primary key condition that can be used for restricting data ranges. If there is no suitable condition, it throws an exception. However, it does not check whether the condition actually reduces the amount of data to read. For more information about data ranges in MergeTree tables, see "[MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree)". +If `force_primary_key=1`, ClickHouse checks to see if the query has a primary key condition that can be used for restricting data ranges. If there is no suitable condition, it throws an exception. However, it does not check whether the condition actually reduces the amount of data to read. For more information about data ranges in MergeTree tables, see "[MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md)". @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ Disabled by default (set to 0). It only works when reading from MergeTree engine Setting up query logging. -Queries sent to ClickHouse with this setup are logged according to the rules in the [query_log](../server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-query_log) server configuration parameter. +Queries sent to ClickHouse with this setup are logged according to the rules in the [query_log](../server_settings/settings.md) server configuration parameter. **Example**: @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ This is slightly more than `max_block_size`. The reason for this is because cert ## max_replica_delay_for_distributed_queries -Disables lagging replicas for distributed queries. See "[Replication](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md#table_engines-replication)". +Disables lagging replicas for distributed queries. See "[Replication](../../operations/table_engines/replication.md)". Sets the time in seconds. If a replica lags more than the set value, this replica is not used. @@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ Don't confuse blocks for compression (a chunk of memory consisting of bytes) and ## min_compress_block_size -For [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree)" tables. In order to reduce latency when processing queries, a block is compressed when writing the next mark if its size is at least 'min_compress_block_size'. By default, 65,536. +For [MergeTree](../../operations/table_engines/mergetree.md)" tables. In order to reduce latency when processing queries, a block is compressed when writing the next mark if its size is at least 'min_compress_block_size'. By default, 65,536. The actual size of the block, if the uncompressed data is less than 'max_compress_block_size', is no less than this value and no less than the volume of data for one mark. @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ This parameter is useful when you are using formats that require a schema defini ## stream_flush_interval_ms -Works for tables with streaming in the case of a timeout, or when a thread generates[max_insert_block_size](#settings-settings-max_insert_block_size) rows. +Works for tables with streaming in the case of a timeout, or when a thread generates[max_insert_block_size]() rows. The default value is 7500. @@ -355,9 +355,9 @@ The character interpreted as a delimiter in the CSV data. By default, the delimi ## join_use_nulls -Affects the behavior of [JOIN](../../query_language/select.md#query_language-join). +Affects the behavior of [JOIN](../../query_language/select.md). -With `join_use_nulls=1,` `JOIN` behaves like in standard SQL, i.e. if empty cells appear when merging, the type of the corresponding field is converted to [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable), and empty cells are filled with [NULL](../../query_language/syntax.md#null-literal). +With `join_use_nulls=1,` `JOIN` behaves like in standard SQL, i.e. if empty cells appear when merging, the type of the corresponding field is converted to [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable), and empty cells are filled with [NULL](../../query_language/syntax.md). @@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ The default value is 0. All the replicas in the quorum are consistent, i.e., they contain data from all previous `INSERT` queries. The `INSERT` sequence is linearized. -When reading the data written from the `insert_quorum`, you can use the[select_sequential_consistency](#setting-select_sequential_consistency) option. +When reading the data written from the `insert_quorum`, you can use the[select_sequential_consistency]() option. **ClickHouse generates an exception** @@ -385,8 +385,8 @@ When reading the data written from the `insert_quorum`, you can use the[select_s **See also the following parameters:** -- [insert_quorum_timeout](#setting-insert_quorum_timeout) -- [select_sequential_consistency](#setting-select_sequential_consistency) +- [insert_quorum_timeout]() +- [select_sequential_consistency]() @@ -398,8 +398,8 @@ By default, 60 seconds. **See also the following parameters:** -- [insert_quorum](#setting-insert_quorum) -- [select_sequential_consistency](#setting-select_sequential_consistency) +- [insert_quorum]() +- [select_sequential_consistency]() @@ -414,8 +414,8 @@ When sequential consistency is enabled, ClickHouse allows the client to execute See also the following parameters: -- [insert_quorum](#setting-insert_quorum) -- [insert_quorum_timeout](#setting-insert_quorum_timeout) +- [insert_quorum]() +- [insert_quorum_timeout]() [Original article](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/operations/settings/settings/) diff --git a/docs/zh/operations/system_tables.md b/docs/zh/operations/system_tables.md index a67fec3f9c5..21e4cd37eb8 100644 --- a/docs/zh/operations/system_tables.md +++ b/docs/zh/operations/system_tables.md @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ This is similar to the DUAL table found in other DBMSs. ## system.parts -Contains information about parts of [MergeTree](table_engines/mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree) tables. +Contains information about parts of [MergeTree](table_engines/mergetree.md) tables. Each row describes one part of the data. diff --git a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/aggregatingmergetree.md b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/aggregatingmergetree.md index 4ebb707a980..7f123200dca 100644 --- a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/aggregatingmergetree.md +++ b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/aggregatingmergetree.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ # AggregatingMergeTree -The engine inherits from [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree), altering the logic for data parts merging. ClickHouse replaces all rows with the same primary key with a single row (within a one data part) that stores a combination of states of aggregate functions. +The engine inherits from [MergeTree](mergetree.md), altering the logic for data parts merging. ClickHouse replaces all rows with the same primary key with a single row (within a one data part) that stores a combination of states of aggregate functions. You can use `AggregatingMergeTree` tables for incremental data aggregation, including for aggregated materialized views. -The engine processes all columns with [AggregateFunction](../../data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md#data_type-aggregatefunction) type. +The engine processes all columns with [AggregateFunction](../../data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md) type. It is appropriate to use `AggregatingMergeTree` if it reduces the number of rows by orders. @@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [SETTINGS name=value, ...] ``` -For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table). +For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md). **Query clauses** -When creating a `ReplacingMergeTree` table the same [clauses](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-configuring) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table. +When creating a `ReplacingMergeTree` table the same [clauses](mergetree.md) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table.
Deprecated Method for Creating a Table @@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ All of the parameters have the same meaning as in `MergeTree`. ## SELECT and INSERT -To insert data, use [INSERT SELECT](../../query_language/insert_into.md#queries-insert-select) query with aggregate `-State`- functions. - +To insert data, use [INSERT SELECT](../../query_language/insert_into.md When selecting data from `AggregatingMergeTree` table, use `GROUP BY` clause and the same aggregate functions as when inserting data, but using `-Merge` suffix. In the results of `SELECT` query the values of `AggregateFunction` type have implementation-specific binary representation for all of the ClickHouse output formats. If dump data into, for example, `TabSeparated` format with `SELECT` query then this dump can be loaded back using `INSERT` query. diff --git a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/collapsingmergetree.md b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/collapsingmergetree.md index 45106cb25e8..26b6f96abdc 100644 --- a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/collapsingmergetree.md +++ b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/collapsingmergetree.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ # CollapsingMergeTree -The engine inherits from [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree) and adds the logic of rows collapsing to data parts merge algorithm. +The engine inherits from [MergeTree](mergetree.md) and adds the logic of rows collapsing to data parts merge algorithm. -`CollapsingMergeTree` asynchronously deletes (collapses) pairs of rows if all of the fields in a row are equivalent excepting the particular field `Sign` which can have `1` and `-1` values. Rows without a pair are kept. For more details see the [Collapsing](#collapsingmergetree-collapsing) section of the document. +`CollapsingMergeTree` asynchronously deletes (collapses) pairs of rows if all of the fields in a row are equivalent excepting the particular field `Sign` which can have `1` and `-1` values. Rows without a pair are kept. For more details see the [Collapsing]() section of the document. The engine may significantly reduce the volume of storage and increase efficiency of `SELECT` query as a consequence. @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [SETTINGS name=value, ...] ``` -For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table). +For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md). **CollapsingMergeTree Parameters** @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_l **Query clauses** -When creating a `CollapsingMergeTree` table, the same [clauses](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-configuring) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table. +When creating a `CollapsingMergeTree` table, the same [clauses](mergetree.md) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table.
Deprecated Method for Creating a Table diff --git a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/file.md b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/file.md index ed49a693630..816b8d94cd6 100644 --- a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/file.md +++ b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/file.md @@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ File(Format) `Format` should be supported for either `INSERT` and `SELECT`. For the full list of supported formats see [Formats](../../interfaces/formats.md#formats). -ClickHouse does not allow to specify filesystem path for`File`. It will use folder defined by [path](../server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-path) setting in server configuration. +ClickHouse does not allow to specify filesystem path for`File`. It will use folder defined by [path](../server_settings/settings.md) setting in server configuration. When creating table using `File(Format)` it creates empty subdirectory in that folder. When data is written to that table, it's put into `data.Format` file in that subdirectory. -You may manually create this subfolder and file in server filesystem and then [ATTACH](../../query_language/misc.md#queries-attach) it to table information with matching name, so you can query data from that file. +You may manually create this subfolder and file in server filesystem and then [ATTACH](../../query_language/misc.md) it to table information with matching name, so you can query data from that file. !!! warning Be careful with this funcionality, because ClickHouse does not keep track of external changes to such files. The result of simultaneous writes via ClickHouse and outside of ClickHouse is undefined. @@ -60,8 +60,7 @@ SELECT * FROM file_engine_table ## Usage in Clickhouse-local -In [clickhouse-local](../utils/clickhouse-local.md#utils-clickhouse-local) File engine accepts file path in addition to `Format`. Default input/output streams can be specified using numeric or human-readable names like `0` or `stdin`, `1` or `stdout`. - +In [clickhouse-local](../utils/clickhouse-local.md **Example:** ```bash diff --git a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md index 0aad07a13c3..843185ff83d 100644 --- a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md +++ b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/graphitemergetree.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This engine is designed for rollup (thinning and aggregating/averaging) [Graphit You can use any ClickHouse table engine to store the Graphite data if you don't need rollup, but if you need a rollup use `GraphiteMergeTree`. The engine reduces the volume of storage and increases the efficiency of queries from Graphite. -The engine inherits properties from [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). +The engine inherits properties from [MergeTree](mergetree.md). ## Creating a Table @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [SETTINGS name=value, ...] ``` -For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table). +For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md). A table for the Graphite date should have the following columns: @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ The names of these columns should be set in the rollup configuration. **Query clauses** -When creating a `GraphiteMergeTree` table, the same [clauses](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-configuring) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table. +When creating a `GraphiteMergeTree` table, the same [clauses](mergetree.md) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table.
Deprecated Method for Creating a Table @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ All of the parameters excepting `config_section` have the same meaning as in `Me ## Rollup configuration -The settings for rollup are defined by the [graphite_rollup](../server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-graphite_rollup) parameter in the server configuration. The name of the parameter could be any. You can create several configurations and use them for different tables. +The settings for rollup are defined by the [graphite_rollup](../server_settings/settings.md) parameter in the server configuration. The name of the parameter could be any. You can create several configurations and use them for different tables. Rollup configuration structure: diff --git a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/kafka.md b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/kafka.md index db86553676f..fc341a041ff 100644 --- a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/kafka.md +++ b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/kafka.md @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ Kafka SETTINGS SELECT level, sum(total) FROM daily GROUP BY level; ``` -为了提高性能，接受的消息被分组为 [max_insert_block_size](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-max_insert_block_size) 大小的块。如果未在 [stream_flush_interval_ms](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings_stream_flush_interval_ms) 毫秒内形成块，则不关心块的完整性，都会将数据刷新到表中。 +为了提高性能，接受的消息被分组为 [max_insert_block_size](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-max_insert_block_size) 大小的块。如果未在 [stream_flush_interval_ms](../settings/settings.md) 毫秒内形成块，则不关心块的完整性，都会将数据刷新到表中。 停止接收主题数据或更改转换逻辑，请 detach 物化视图： diff --git a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/materializedview.md b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/materializedview.md index c13a1ac8710..1e0a1615874 100644 --- a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/materializedview.md +++ b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/materializedview.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # MaterializedView -Used for implementing materialized views (for more information, see [CREATE TABLE](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table)). For storing data, it uses a different engine that was specified when creating the view. When reading from a table, it just uses this engine. +Used for implementing materialized views (for more information, see [CREATE TABLE](../../query_language/create.md)). For storing data, it uses a different engine that was specified when creating the view. When reading from a table, it just uses this engine. [Original article](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/operations/table_engines/materializedview/) diff --git a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/mergetree.md b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/mergetree.md index 7b4ecd51fe7..e526923dc18 100644 --- a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/mergetree.md +++ b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/mergetree.md @@ -12,20 +12,20 @@ Main features: This allows you to create a small sparse index that helps find data faster. -- This allows you to use partitions if the [partitioning key](custom_partitioning_key.md#table_engines-custom_partitioning_key) is specified. +- This allows you to use partitions if the [partitioning key](custom_partitioning_key.md) is specified. ClickHouse supports certain operations with partitions that are more effective than general operations on the same data with the same result. ClickHouse also automatically cuts off the partition data where the partitioning key is specified in the query. This also increases the query performance. - Data replication support. - The family of `ReplicatedMergeTree` tables is used for this. For more information, see the [Data replication](replication.md#table_engines-replication) section. + The family of `ReplicatedMergeTree` tables is used for this. For more information, see the [Data replication](replication.md) section. - Data sampling support. If necessary, you can set the data sampling method in the table. !!! info - The [Merge](merge.md#table_engine-merge) engine does not belong to the `*MergeTree` family. + The [Merge](merge.md) engine does not belong to the `*MergeTree` family. @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [SETTINGS name=value, ...] ``` -For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table). +For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md). **Query clauses** @@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_l A tuple of columns or arbitrary expressions. Example: `ORDER BY (CounterID, EventDate)`. If a sampling expression is used, the primary key must contain it. Example: `ORDER BY (CounerID, EventDate, intHash32(UserID))`. -- `PARTITION BY` — The [partitioning key](custom_partitioning_key.md#table_engines-custom_partitioning_key). +- `PARTITION BY` — The [partitioning key](custom_partitioning_key.md). - For partitioning by month, use the `toYYYYMM(date_column)` expression, where `date_column` is a column with a date of the type [Date](../../data_types/date.md#data_type-date). The partition names here have the `"YYYYMM"` format. + For partitioning by month, use the `toYYYYMM(date_column)` expression, where `date_column` is a column with a date of the type [Date](../../data_types/date.md). The partition names here have the `"YYYYMM"` format. - `SAMPLE BY` — An expression for sampling. Example: `intHash32(UserID))`. @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ ENGINE MergeTree() PARTITION BY toYYYYMM(EventDate) ORDER BY (CounterID, EventDa In the example, we set partitioning by month. -We also set an expression for sampling as a hash by the user ID. This allows you to pseudorandomize the data in the table for each `CounterID` and `EventDate`. If, when selecting the data, you define a [SAMPLE](../../query_language/select.md#select-section-sample) clause, ClickHouse will return an evenly pseudorandom data sample for a subset of users. +We also set an expression for sampling as a hash by the user ID. This allows you to pseudorandomize the data in the table for each `CounterID` and `EventDate`. If, when selecting the data, you define a [SAMPLE](../../query_language/select.md) clause, ClickHouse will return an evenly pseudorandom data sample for a subset of users. `index_granularity` could be omitted because 8192 is the default value. @@ -92,10 +92,9 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] **MergeTree() parameters** -- `date-column` — The name of a column of the type [Date](../../data_types/date.md#data_type-date). ClickHouse automatically creates partitions by month on the basis of this column. The partition names are in the `"YYYYMM"` format. +- `date-column` — The name of a column of the type [Date](../../data_types/date.md). ClickHouse automatically creates partitions by month on the basis of this column. The partition names are in the `"YYYYMM"` format. - `sampling_expression` — an expression for sampling. -- `(primary, key)` — primary key. Type — [Tuple()](../../data_types/tuple.md#data_type-tuple). It may consist of arbitrary expressions, but it typically is a tuple of columns. It must include an expression for sampling if it is set. It must not include a column with a `date-column` date. -- `index_granularity` — The granularity of an index. The number of data rows between the "marks" of an index. The value 8192 is appropriate for most tasks. +- `(primary, key)` — primary key. Type — [Tuple()](../../data_types/tuple.md- `index_granularity` — The granularity of an index. The number of data rows between the "marks" of an index. The value 8192 is appropriate for most tasks. **Example** @@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ The number of columns in the primary key is not explicitly limited. Depending on ClickHouse sorts data by primary key, so the higher the consistency, the better the compression. -- Provide additional logic when data parts merging in the [CollapsingMergeTree](collapsingmergetree.md#table_engine-collapsingmergetree) and [SummingMergeTree](summingmergetree.md#table_engine-summingmergetree) engines. +- Provide additional logic when data parts merging in the [CollapsingMergeTree](collapsingmergetree.md#table_engine-collapsingmergetree) and [SummingMergeTree](summingmergetree.md) engines. You may need many fields in the primary key even if they are not necessary for the previous steps. @@ -195,7 +194,7 @@ In the example below, the index can't be used. SELECT count() FROM table WHERE CounterID = 34 OR URL LIKE '%upyachka%' ``` -To check whether ClickHouse can use the index when running a query, use the settings [force_index_by_date](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-force_index_by_date) and [force_primary_key](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-force_primary_key). +To check whether ClickHouse can use the index when running a query, use the settings [force_index_by_date](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-force_index_by_date) and [force_primary_key](../settings/settings.md). The key for partitioning by month allows reading only those data blocks which contain dates from the proper range. In this case, the data block may contain data for many dates (up to an entire month). Within a block, data is sorted by primary key, which might not contain the date as the first column. Because of this, using a query with only a date condition that does not specify the primary key prefix will cause more data to be read than for a single date. diff --git a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/mysql.md b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/mysql.md index 8baceafc64c..a7815f691e2 100644 --- a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/mysql.md +++ b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/mysql.md @@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ MySQL('host:port', 'database', 'table', 'user', 'password'[, replace_query, 'on_ 其余条件以及 `LIMIT` 采样约束语句仅在对MySQL的查询完成后才在ClickHouse中执行。 -`MySQL` 引擎不支持 [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md#data_type-nullable) 数据类型，因此，当从MySQL表中读取数据时，`NULL` 将转换为指定列类型的默认值（通常为0或空字符串）。 +`MySQL` 引擎不支持 [Nullable](../../data_types/nullable.md) 数据类型，因此，当从MySQL表中读取数据时，`NULL` 将转换为指定列类型的默认值（通常为0或空字符串）。 [Original article](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/mysql/) diff --git a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/replacingmergetree.md b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/replacingmergetree.md index 7a4f3ab7443..2d0e179ac30 100644 --- a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/replacingmergetree.md +++ b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/replacingmergetree.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # ReplacingMergeTree -The engine differs from [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree) in that it removes duplicate entries with the same primary key value. +The engine differs from [MergeTree](mergetree.md) in that it removes duplicate entries with the same primary key value. Data deduplication occurs only during a merge. Merging occurs in the background at an unknown time, so you can't plan for it. Some of the data may remain unprocessed. Although you can run an unscheduled merge using the `OPTIMIZE` query, don't count on using it, because the `OPTIMIZE` query will read and write a large amount of data. @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [SETTINGS name=value, ...] ``` -For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table). +For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md). **ReplacingMergeTree Parameters** @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_l **Query clauses** -When creating a `ReplacingMergeTree` table the same [clauses](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-configuring) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table. +When creating a `ReplacingMergeTree` table the same [clauses](mergetree.md) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table.
Deprecated Method for Creating a Table diff --git a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/replication.md b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/replication.md index 01245edf744..f0f7a5456c5 100644 --- a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/replication.md +++ b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/replication.md @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ You can specify any existing ZooKeeper cluster and the system will use a directo If ZooKeeper isn't set in the config file, you can't create replicated tables, and any existing replicated tables will be read-only. -ZooKeeper is not used in `SELECT` queries because replication does not affect the performance of `SELECT` and queries run just as fast as they do for non-replicated tables. When querying distributed replicated tables, ClickHouse behavior is controlled by the settings [max_replica_delay_for_distributed_queries](../settings/settings.md#settings_settings_max_replica_delay_for_distributed_queries) and [fallback_to_stale_replicas_for_distributed_queries](../settings/settings.md#settings-settings-fallback_to_stale_replicas_for_distributed_queries). +ZooKeeper is not used in `SELECT` queries because replication does not affect the performance of `SELECT` and queries run just as fast as they do for non-replicated tables. When querying distributed replicated tables, ClickHouse behavior is controlled by the settings [max_replica_delay_for_distributed_queries](../settings/settings.md#settings_settings_max_replica_delay_for_distributed_queries) and [fallback_to_stale_replicas_for_distributed_queries](../settings/settings.md). For each `INSERT` query, approximately ten entries are added to ZooKeeper through several transactions. (To be more precise, this is for each inserted block of data; an INSERT query contains one block or one block per `max_insert_block_size = 1048576` rows.) This leads to slightly longer latencies for `INSERT` compared to non-replicated tables. But if you follow the recommendations to insert data in batches of no more than one `INSERT` per second, it doesn't create any problems. The entire ClickHouse cluster used for coordinating one ZooKeeper cluster has a total of several hundred `INSERTs` per second. The throughput on data inserts (the number of rows per second) is just as high as for non-replicated data. @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ By default, an INSERT query waits for confirmation of writing the data from only Each block of data is written atomically. The INSERT query is divided into blocks up to `max_insert_block_size = 1048576` rows. In other words, if the `INSERT` query has less than 1048576 rows, it is made atomically. -Data blocks are deduplicated. For multiple writes of the same data block (data blocks of the same size containing the same rows in the same order), the block is only written once. The reason for this is in case of network failures when the client application doesn't know if the data was written to the DB, so the `INSERT` query can simply be repeated. It doesn't matter which replica INSERTs were sent to with identical data. `INSERTs` are idempotent. Deduplication parameters are controlled by [merge_tree](../server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-merge_tree) server settings. +Data blocks are deduplicated. For multiple writes of the same data block (data blocks of the same size containing the same rows in the same order), the block is only written once. The reason for this is in case of network failures when the client application doesn't know if the data was written to the DB, so the `INSERT` query can simply be repeated. It doesn't matter which replica INSERTs were sent to with identical data. `INSERTs` are idempotent. Deduplication parameters are controlled by [merge_tree](../server_settings/settings.md) server settings. During replication, only the source data to insert is transferred over the network. Further data transformation (merging) is coordinated and performed on all the replicas in the same way. This minimizes network usage, which means that replication works well when replicas reside in different datacenters. (Note that duplicating data in different datacenters is the main goal of replication.) @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ If all data and metadata disappeared from one of the servers, follow these steps Then start the server (restart, if it is already running). Data will be downloaded from replicas. -An alternative recovery option is to delete information about the lost replica from ZooKeeper (`/path_to_table/replica_name`), then create the replica again as described in "[Creating replicatable tables](#table_engines-replication-creation_of_rep_tables)". +An alternative recovery option is to delete information about the lost replica from ZooKeeper (`/path_to_table/replica_name`), then create the replica again as described in "[Creating replicatable tables]()". There is no restriction on network bandwidth during recovery. Keep this in mind if you are restoring many replicas at once. diff --git a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/summingmergetree.md b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/summingmergetree.md index a2d89bfa4c8..ce04a26950b 100644 --- a/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/summingmergetree.md +++ b/docs/zh/operations/table_engines/summingmergetree.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ # SummingMergeTree -The engine inherits from [MergeTree](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree). The difference is that when merging data parts for `SummingMergeTree` tables ClickHouse replaces all the rows with the same primary key with one row which contains summarized values for the columns with the numeric data type. If the primary key is composed in a way that a single key value corresponds to large number of rows, this significantly reduces storage volume and speeds up data selection. +The engine inherits from [MergeTree](mergetree.md). The difference is that when merging data parts for `SummingMergeTree` tables ClickHouse replaces all the rows with the same primary key with one row which contains summarized values for the columns with the numeric data type. If the primary key is composed in a way that a single key value corresponds to large number of rows, this significantly reduces storage volume and speeds up data selection. We recommend to use the engine together with `MergeTree`. Store complete data in `MergeTree` table, and use `SummingMergeTree` for aggregated data storing, for example, when preparing reports. Such an approach will prevent you from losing valuable data due to an incorrectly composed primary key. @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] [SETTINGS name=value, ...] ``` -For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md#query_language-queries-create_table). +For a description of request parameters, see [request description](../../query_language/create.md). **Parameters of SummingMergeTree** @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ The columns must be of a numeric type and must not be in the primary key. **Query clauses** -When creating a `SummingMergeTree` table the same [clauses](mergetree.md#table_engines-mergetree-configuring) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table. +When creating a `SummingMergeTree` table the same [clauses](mergetree.md) are required, as when creating a `MergeTree` table.
Deprecated Method for Creating a Table @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ Insert data to it: :) INSERT INTO summtt Values(1,1),(1,2),(2,1) ``` -ClickHouse may sum all the rows not completely ([see below](#summary-data-processing)), so we use an aggregate function `sum` and `GROUP BY` clause in the query. +ClickHouse may sum all the rows not completely ([see below]()), so we use an aggregate function `sum` and `GROUP BY` clause in the query. ```sql SELECT key, sum(value) FROM summtt GROUP BY key @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ SELECT key, sum(value) FROM summtt GROUP BY key When data are inserted into a table, they are saved as-is. Clickhouse merges the inserted parts of data periodically and this is when rows with the same primary key are summed and replaced with one for each resulting part of data. -ClickHouse can merge the data parts so that different resulting parts of data cat consist rows with the same primary key, i.e. the summation will be incomplete. Therefore (`SELECT`) an aggregate function [sum()](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md#agg_function-sum) and `GROUP BY` clause should be used in a query as described in the example above. +ClickHouse can merge the data parts so that different resulting parts of data cat consist rows with the same primary key, i.e. the summation will be incomplete. Therefore (`SELECT`) an aggregate function [sum()](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md) and `GROUP BY` clause should be used in a query as described in the example above. ### Common rules for summation @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ The values are not summarized for columns in the primary key. ### The Summation in the AggregateFunction Columns -For columns of [AggregateFunction type](../../data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md#data_type-aggregatefunction) ClickHouse behaves as [AggregatingMergeTree](aggregatingmergetree.md#table_engine-aggregatingmergetree) engine aggregating according to the function. +For columns of [AggregateFunction type](../../data_types/nested_data_structures/aggregatefunction.md#data_type-aggregatefunction) ClickHouse behaves as [AggregatingMergeTree](aggregatingmergetree.md) engine aggregating according to the function. ### Nested Structures @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ Examples: [(1, 100), (2, 150)] + [(1, -100)] -> [(2, 150)] ``` -When requesting data, use the [sumMap(key, value)](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md#agg_function-summary) function for aggregation of `Map`. +When requesting data, use the [sumMap(key, value)](../../query_language/agg_functions/reference.md) function for aggregation of `Map`. For nested data structure, you do not need to specify its columns in the tuple of columns for summation. diff --git a/docs/zh/operations/utils/index.md b/docs/zh/operations/utils/index.md index 6406b486cc8..ca0f0954150 100644 --- a/docs/zh/operations/utils/index.md +++ b/docs/zh/operations/utils/index.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ # ClickHouse Utility -* [clickhouse-local](clickhouse-local.md#utils-clickhouse-local) — Allows running SQL queries on data without stopping the ClickHouse server, similar to how `awk` does this. -* [clickhouse-copier](clickhouse-copier.md#utils-clickhouse-copier) — Copies (and reshards) data from one cluster to another cluster. +* [clickhouse-local](clickhouse-local.md) — Allows running SQL queries on data without stopping the ClickHouse server, similar to how `awk` does this. +* [clickhouse-copier](clickhouse-copier.md) — Copies (and reshards) data from one cluster to another cluster. [Original article](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/operations/utils/) diff --git a/docs/zh/query_language/insert_into.md b/docs/zh/query_language/insert_into.md index 992e720fe24..9ef32c6a6c5 100644 --- a/docs/zh/query_language/insert_into.md +++ b/docs/zh/query_language/insert_into.md @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ INSERT INTO [db.]table [(c1, c2, c3)] VALUES (v11, v12, v13), (v21, v22, v23), . - 如果存在`DEFAULT`表达式，根据`DEFAULT`表达式计算被填充的值。 - 如果没有定义`DEFAULT`表达式，则填充零或空字符串。 -如果[strict_insert_defaults=1](../operations/settings/settings.md#settings-strict_insert_defaults)，你必须在查询中列出所有没有定义`DEFAULT`表达式的列。 +如果[strict_insert_defaults=1](../operations/settings/settings.md)，你必须在查询中列出所有没有定义`DEFAULT`表达式的列。 数据可以以ClickHouse支持的任何[输入输出格式](../interfaces/formats.md#formats)传递给INSERT。格式的名称必须显示的指定在查询中： diff --git a/docs/zh/query_language/select.md b/docs/zh/query_language/select.md index ae67b48d3d9..06fb53bb8fa 100644 --- a/docs/zh/query_language/select.md +++ b/docs/zh/query_language/select.md @@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ ARRAY JOIN nest AS n, arrayEnumerate(`nest.x`) AS num JOIN子句用于连接数据，作用与[SQL JOIN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL))的定义相同。 !!! info "注意" - 与[ARRAY JOIN](#select-array-join)没有关系. + 与[ARRAY JOIN]()没有关系. ``` sql @@ -351,8 +351,7 @@ FROM (ON )|(USING ) ... ``` -可以使用具体的表名来代替``与``。但这与使用`SELECT * FROM table`子查询的方式相同。除非你的表是[Join](../operations/table_engines/join.md#table-engine-join)引擎 - 对JOIN进行了预处理。 - +可以使用具体的表名来代替``与``。但这与使用`SELECT * FROM table`子查询的方式相同。除非你的表是[Join](../operations/table_engines/join.md **支持的`JOIN`类型** - `INNER JOIN` @@ -368,7 +367,7 @@ FROM 在使用`ALL`修饰符对JOIN进行修饰时，如果右表中存在多个与左表关联的数据，那么系统则将右表中所有可以与左表关联的数据全部返回在结果中。这与SQL标准的JOIN行为相同。 在使用`ANY`修饰符对JOIN进行修饰时，如果右表中存在多个与左表关联的数据，那么系统仅返回第一个与左表匹配的结果。如果左表与右表一一对应，不存在多余的行时，`ANY`与`ALL`的结果相同。 -你可以在会话中通过设置[join_default_strictness](../operations/settings/settings.md#session-setting-join_default_strictness)来指定默认的JOIN修饰符。 +你可以在会话中通过设置[join_default_strictness](../operations/settings/settings.md)来指定默认的JOIN修饰符。 **`GLOBAL` distribution** @@ -376,7 +375,7 @@ FROM 当使用`GLOBAL ... JOIN`，首先会在请求服务器上计算右表并以临时表的方式将其发送到所有服务器。这时每台服务器将直接使用它进行计算。 -使用`GLOBAL`时需要小心。更多信息，参阅[Distributed subqueries](#queries-distributed-subqueries)部分。 +使用`GLOBAL`时需要小心。更多信息，参阅[Distributed subqueries]()部分。 **使用建议** @@ -438,13 +437,13 @@ LIMIT 10 在一些场景下，使用`IN`代替`JOIN`将会得到更高的效率。在各种类型的JOIN中，最高效的是`ANY LEFT JOIN`，然后是`ANY INNER JOIN`，效率最差的是`ALL LEFT JOIN`以及`ALL INNER JOIN`。 -如果你需要使用`JOIN`来关联一些纬度表（包含纬度属性的一些相对比较小的表，例如广告活动的名称），那么`JOIN`可能不是好的选择，因为语法负责，并且每次查询都将重新访问这些表。对于这种情况，您应该使用“外部字典”的功能来替换`JOIN`。更多信息，参见[外部字典](dicts/external_dicts.md#dicts-external_dicts)部分。 +如果你需要使用`JOIN`来关联一些纬度表（包含纬度属性的一些相对比较小的表，例如广告活动的名称），那么`JOIN`可能不是好的选择，因为语法负责，并且每次查询都将重新访问这些表。对于这种情况，您应该使用“外部字典”的功能来替换`JOIN`。更多信息，参见[外部字典](dicts/external_dicts.md)部分。 #### Null的处理 -JOIN的行为受[join_use_nulls](../operations/settings/settings.md#settings-join_use_nulls)的影响。当`join_use_nulls=1`时，`JOIN`的工作与SQL标准相同。 +JOIN的行为受[join_use_nulls](../operations/settings/settings.md)的影响。当`join_use_nulls=1`时，`JOIN`的工作与SQL标准相同。 -如果JOIN的key是[Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md#data_types-nullable)类型的字段，则其中至少一个存在[NULL](syntax.md#null-literal)值的key不会被关联。 +如果JOIN的key是[Nullable](../data_types/nullable.md#data_types-nullable)类型的字段，则其中至少一个存在[NULL](syntax.md)值的key不会被关联。 @@ -516,7 +515,7 @@ GROUP BY子句会为遇到的每一个不同的key计算一组聚合函数的值 #### NULL 处理 -对于GROUP BY子句，ClickHouse将[NULL](syntax.md#null-literal)解释为一个值，并且支持`NULL=NULL`。 +对于GROUP BY子句，ClickHouse将[NULL](syntax.md)解释为一个值，并且支持`NULL=NULL`。 下面这个例子将说明这将意味着什么。 @@ -699,7 +698,7 @@ WHERE于HAVING不同之处在于WHERE在聚合前(GROUP BY)执行，HAVING在聚 在SELECT表达式中存在Array类型的列时，不能使用DISTINCT。 -`DISTINCT`可以与[NULL](syntax.md#null-literal)一起工作，就好像`NULL`仅是一个特殊的值一样，并且`NULL=NULL`。换而言之，在`DISTINCT`的结果中，与`NULL`不同的组合仅能出现一次。 +`DISTINCT`可以与[NULL](syntax.md)一起工作，就好像`NULL`仅是一个特殊的值一样，并且`NULL=NULL`。换而言之，在`DISTINCT`的结果中，与`NULL`不同的组合仅能出现一次。 ### LIMIT 子句 @@ -821,7 +820,7 @@ IN子句中的子查询仅在单个服务器上运行一次。不能够是相关 #### NULL 处理 -在处理中，IN操作符总是假定[NULL](syntax.md#null-literal)值的操作结果总是等于`0`，而不管`NULL`位于左侧还是右侧。`NULL`值不应该包含在任何数据集中，它们彼此不能够对应，并且不能够比较。 +在处理中，IN操作符总是假定[NULL](syntax.md)值的操作结果总是等于`0`，而不管`NULL`位于左侧还是右侧。`NULL`值不应该包含在任何数据集中，它们彼此不能够对应，并且不能够比较。 下面的示例中有一个`t_null`表： @@ -859,7 +858,7 @@ FROM t_null 对于带有子查询的（类似与JOINs）IN中，有两种选择:普通的`IN`／`JOIN`与`GLOBAL IN` ／ `GLOBAL JOIN`。它们对于分布式查询的处理运行方式是不同的。 !!! 注意 - 请记住，下面描述的算法可能因为根据[settings](../operations/settings/settings.md#settings-distributed_product_mode)配置的不同而不同。 + 请记住，下面描述的算法可能因为根据[settings](../operations/settings/settings.md)配置的不同而不同。 当使用普通的IN时，查询总是被发送到远程的服务器，并且在每个服务器中运行“IN”或“JOIN”子句中的子查询。