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@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ ClickHouse只有一个物理排序,由 `order by` 条件决定。要创建一
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* 修改列类型。必须与原始类型兼容,否则复制将失败。例如,可以将`UInt32`列修改为`UInt64`,不能将 `String` 列修改为 `Array(String)`。
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* 修改 [column TTL](../table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree/#mergetree-column-ttl).
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* 修改 [column compression codec](../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.md/#codecs).
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* 增加 [ALIAS columns](../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.md/#alias).
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* 修改 [column compression codec](../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.mdx#codecs).
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* 增加 [ALIAS columns](../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.mdx#alias).
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* 增加 [skipping indexes](../table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree/#table_engine-mergetree-data_skipping-indexes)
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* 增加 [projections](../table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree/#projections).
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请注意,当使用 `SELECT ... FINAL ` (MaterializedMySQL默认是这样做的) 时,预测优化是被禁用的,所以这里是受限的, `INDEX ... TYPE hypothesis `[在v21.12的博客文章中描述]](https://clickhouse.com/blog/en/2021/clickhouse-v21.12-released/)可能在这种情况下更有用。
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@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ CREATE DATABASE testdb ENGINE = Replicated('zoo_path', 'shard_name', 'replica_na
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当创建数据库的新副本时,该副本会自己创建表。如果副本已经不可用很长一段时间,并且已经滞后于复制日志-它用ZooKeeper中的当前元数据检查它的本地元数据,将带有数据的额外表移动到一个单独的非复制数据库(以免意外地删除任何多余的东西),创建缺失的表,如果表名已经被重命名,则更新表名。数据在`ReplicatedMergeTree`级别被复制,也就是说,如果表没有被复制,数据将不会被复制(数据库只负责元数据)。
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允许[`ALTER TABLE ATTACH|FETCH|DROP|DROP DETACHED|DETACH PARTITION|PART`](../../sql-reference/statements/alter/partition.md)查询,但不允许复制。数据库引擎将只向当前副本添加/获取/删除分区/部件。但是,如果表本身使用了Replicated表引擎,那么数据将在使用`ATTACH`后被复制。
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允许[`ALTER TABLE ATTACH|FETCH|DROP|DROP DETACHED|DETACH PARTITION|PART`](../../sql-reference/statements/alter/partition.mdx)查询,但不允许复制。数据库引擎将只向当前副本添加/获取/删除分区/部件。但是,如果表本身使用了Replicated表引擎,那么数据将在使用`ATTACH`后被复制。
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## 使用示例 {#usage-example}
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创建三台主机的集群:
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster]
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) ENGINE = Hive('thrift://host:port', 'database', 'table');
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PARTITION BY expr
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```
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查看[CREATE TABLE](../../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.md#create-table-query)查询的详细描述。
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查看[CREATE TABLE](../../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.mdx#create-table-query)查询的详细描述。
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表的结构可以与原来的Hive表结构有所不同:
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- 列名应该与原来的Hive表相同,但你可以使用这些列中的一些,并以任何顺序,你也可以使用一些从其他列计算的别名列。
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@ -57,4 +57,4 @@ SELECT * FROM sqlite_db.table2 ORDER BY col1;
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**详见**
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- [SQLite](../../../engines/database-engines/sqlite.md) 引擎
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- [sqlite](../../../sql-reference/table-functions/sqlite.md) 表方法函数
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- [sqlite](../../../sql-reference/table-functions/sqlite.mdx) 表方法函数
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@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ sudo -u clickhouse touch /var/lib/clickhouse/flags/force_restore_data
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- [background_schedule_pool_size](../../../operations/settings/settings.md#background_schedule_pool_size)
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- [background_fetches_pool_size](../../../operations/settings/settings.md#background_fetches_pool_size)
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- [execute_merges_on_single_replica_time_threshold](../../../operations/settings/settings.md#execute-merges-on-single-replica-time-threshold)
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- [max_replicated_fetches_network_bandwidth](../../../operations/settings/merge-tree-settings.md#max_replicated_fetches_network_bandwidth)
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- [max_replicated_sends_network_bandwidth](../../../operations/settings/merge-tree-settings.md#max_replicated_sends_network_bandwidth)
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- [max_replicated_fetches_network_bandwidth](../../../operations/settings/merge-tree-settings.mdx#max_replicated_fetches_network_bandwidth)
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- [max_replicated_sends_network_bandwidth](../../../operations/settings/merge-tree-settings.mdx#max_replicated_sends_network_bandwidth)
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[原始文章](https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/operations/table_engines/replication/) <!--hide-->
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@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ SELECT 查询会被发送到所有分片,并且无论数据在分片中如何
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- `_shard_num` — 表`system.clusters` 中的 `shard_num` 值 . 数据类型: [UInt32](../../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md).
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!!! note "备注"
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因为 [remote](../../../sql-reference/table-functions/remote.md) 和 [cluster](../../../sql-reference/table-functions/cluster.md) 表方法内部创建了分布式表, `_shard_num` 对他们都有效.
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因为 [remote](../../../sql-reference/table-functions/remote.md) 和 [cluster](../../../sql-reference/table-functions/cluster.mdx) 表方法内部创建了分布式表, `_shard_num` 对他们都有效.
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**详见**
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- [虚拟列](../../../engines/table-engines/index.md#table_engines-virtual_columns) 描述
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Indexes
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: ClickHouse keeps data structures in memory that allows reading not only used columns but only necessary row ranges of those columns.
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Data compression
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: Storing different values of the same column together often leads to better compression ratios (compared to row-oriented systems) because in real data column often has the same or not so many different values for neighboring rows. In addition to general-purpose compression, ClickHouse supports [specialized codecs](../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.md/#create-query-specialized-codecs) that can make data even more compact.
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: Storing different values of the same column together often leads to better compression ratios (compared to row-oriented systems) because in real data column often has the same or not so many different values for neighboring rows. In addition to general-purpose compression, ClickHouse supports [specialized codecs](../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.mdx/#create-query-specialized-codecs) that can make data even more compact.
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Vectorized query execution
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: ClickHouse not only stores data in columns but also processes data in columns. It leads to better CPU cache utilization and allows for [SIMD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIMD) CPU instructions usage.
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@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ More details on [mutations](../../sql-reference/statements/alter.md/#alter-mutat
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`ALTER TABLE ... DROP PARTITION` provides a cost-efficient way to drop a whole partition. It’s not that flexible and needs proper partitioning scheme configured on table creation, but still covers most common cases. Like mutations need to be executed from an external system for regular use.
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More details on [manipulating partitions](../../sql-reference/statements/alter/partition.md/#alter_drop-partition).
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More details on [manipulating partitions](../../sql-reference/statements/alter/partition.mdx/#alter_drop-partition).
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## TRUNCATE {#truncate}
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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ClickHouse是一个通用的数据存储解决方案[OLAP](../../faq/general/ola
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首先,有 **[specialized codecs](../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.md#create-query-specialized-codecs)**,这是典型的时间序列。无论是常见的算法,如“DoubleDelta”和“Gorilla”,或特定的ClickHouse 数据类型如“T64”。
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首先,有 **[specialized codecs](../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.mdx#create-query-specialized-codecs)**,这是典型的时间序列。无论是常见的算法,如“DoubleDelta”和“Gorilla”,或特定的ClickHouse 数据类型如“T64”。
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@ -5,6 +5,6 @@ sidebar_label: Caches
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title: "Cache Types"
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---
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import Content from '@site/docs/en/operations/caches';
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import Content from '@site/docs/en/operations/caches.md';
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<Content />
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ slug: /zh/operations/system-tables/columns
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你可以使用这个表来获得类似于 [DESCRIBE TABLE](../../sql-reference/statements/misc.md#misc-describe-table) 查询的信息,但是可以同时获得多个表的信息。
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[临时表](../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.md#temporary-tables)中的列只在创建它们的会话中的 `system.columns` 中才可见,并且它们的 `database` 字段显示为空。
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[临时表](../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.mdx#temporary-tables)中的列只在创建它们的会话中的 `system.columns` 中才可见,并且它们的 `database` 字段显示为空。
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`system.columns` 表包含以下列 (括号中显示的是列类型):
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@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ slug: /zh/operations/system-tables/detached_parts
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包含关于 [MergeTree](../../engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree.md) 表的分离分区的信息。`reason` 列详细说明了该分区被分离的原因。
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对于用户分离的分区,原因是空的。你可以通过 [ALTER TABLE ATTACH PARTITION\|PART](../../sql-reference/statements/alter/partition.md#alter_attach-partition) 命令添加这些分区。
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对于用户分离的分区,原因是空的。你可以通过 [ALTER TABLE ATTACH PARTITION\|PART](../../sql-reference/statements/alter/partition.mdx#alter_attach-partition) 命令添加这些分区。
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关于其他列的描述,请参见 [system.parts](../../operations/system-tables/parts.md#system_tables-parts)。
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如果分区名称无效,一些列的值可能是`NULL`。你可以通过[ALTER TABLE DROP DETACHED PART](../../sql-reference/statements/alter/partition.md#alter_drop-detached)来删除这些分区。
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如果分区名称无效,一些列的值可能是`NULL`。你可以通过[ALTER TABLE DROP DETACHED PART](../../sql-reference/statements/alter/partition.mdx#alter_drop-detached)来删除这些分区。
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[原文](https://clickhouse.com/docs/zh/operations/system-tables/detached_parts) <!--hide-->
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@ -51,6 +51,5 @@ attribute.values: []
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**另请参阅**
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- [OpenTelemetry](../../operations/opentelemetry.md)
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- [OpenTelemetry](../../operations/opentelemetry.mdx)
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[原始文章](https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/operations/system_tables/opentelemetry_span_log) <!--hide-->
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@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ slug: /zh/operations/system-tables/parts
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- `primary_key_bytes_in_memory_allocated` ([UInt64](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md)) – 为主键值保留的内存量(以字节为单位)。
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- `is_frozen` ([UInt8](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md)) – 显示分区数据备份存在的标志。1,备份存在。0,备份不存在。更多细节,见 [FREEZE PARTITION](../../sql-reference/statements/alter/partition.md#alter_freeze-partition)。
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- `is_frozen` ([UInt8](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md)) – 显示分区数据备份存在的标志。1,备份存在。0,备份不存在。更多细节,见 [FREEZE PARTITION](../../sql-reference/statements/alter/partition.mdx#alter_freeze-partition)。
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- `database` ([String](../../sql-reference/data-types/string.md)) – 数据库的名称。
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ slug: /zh/operations/system-tables/row_policies
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- `select_filter` ([Nullable](../../sql-reference/data-types/nullable.md)([String](../../sql-reference/data-types/string.md))) — 用于过滤行的条件.
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- `is_restrictive` ([UInt8](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md#uint-ranges)) — 显示行策略是否限制对行的访问, 参考 [CREATE ROW POLICY](../../sql-reference/statements/create/row-policy.md#create-row-policy-as). 值:
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- `is_restrictive` ([UInt8](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md#uint-ranges)) — 显示行策略是否限制对行的访问, 参考 [CREATE ROW POLICY](../../sql-reference/statements/create/row-policy.mdx#create-row-policy-as). 值:
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- `0` — 行策略使用 `AS PERMISSIVE` 子句定义.
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- `1` — 行策略使用 `AS RESTRICTIVE` 子句定义.
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@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ slug: /zh/operations/system-tables/tables
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---
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# system.tables {#system-tables}
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包含服务器知道的每个表的元数据。 [分离的](../../sql-reference/statements/detach.md)表不在 `system.tables` 显示。
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包含服务器知道的每个表的元数据。 [分离的](../../sql-reference/statements/detach.mdx)表不在 `system.tables` 显示。
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[临时表](../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.md#temporary-tables)只在创建它们的会话中的 `system.tables` 中才可见。它们的数据库字段显示为空,并且 `is_temporary` 标志显示为开启。
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[临时表](../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.mdx#temporary-tables)只在创建它们的会话中的 `system.tables` 中才可见。它们的数据库字段显示为空,并且 `is_temporary` 标志显示为开启。
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此表包含以下列 (列类型显示在括号中):
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**另请参阅**
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- [map()](../../sql-reference/functions/tuple-map-functions.md#function-map) function
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- [map()](../../sql-reference/functions/tuple-map-functions.mdx#function-map) function
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- [CAST()](../../sql-reference/functions/type-conversion-functions.md#type_conversion_function-cast) function
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[Original article](https://clickhouse.com/docs/zh/sql-reference/data-types/map/) <!--hide-->
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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ ALTER TABLE [db].name ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK expression;
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ALTER TABLE [db].name DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name;
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```
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查看[constraints](../../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.md#constraints)。
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查看[constraints](../../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.mdx#constraints)。
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查询将从表中添加或删除关于约束的元数据,因此它们将被立即处理。
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**参见**
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- [MergeTree settings](../../../operations/settings/merge-tree-settings.md)
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- [MergeTree settings](../../../operations/settings/merge-tree-settings.mdx)
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@ -82,5 +82,5 @@ SELECT * FROM table_with_ttl FORMAT PrettyCompact;
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**更多参考**
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- 关于 [TTL 表达式](../../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.md#ttl-expression).
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- 修改列 [with TTL](../../../sql-reference/statements/alter/column.md#alter_modify-column).
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- 关于 [TTL 表达式](../../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.mdx#ttl-expression).
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- 修改列 [with TTL](../../../sql-reference/statements/alter/column.mdx#alter_modify-column).
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当使用`ALTER TABLE … MODIFY QUERY`语句创建一个[物化视图](../create/view.md#materialized)时,可以修改`SELECT`查询。当物化视图在没有 `TO [db.]name` 的情况下创建时使用它。必须启用 `allow_experimental_alter_materialized_view_structure`设置。
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如果一个物化视图使用`TO [db.]name`,你必须先 [DETACH](../detach.md) 视图。用[ALTER TABLE](index.md)修改目标表,然后 [ATTACH](../attach.md)之前分离的(`DETACH`)视图。
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如果一个物化视图使用`TO [db.]name`,你必须先 [DETACH](../detach.mdx) 视图。用[ALTER TABLE](index.md)修改目标表,然后 [ATTACH](../attach.mdx)之前分离的(`DETACH`)视图。
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**示例**
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title: "CREATE USER"
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---
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import Content from '@site/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/create/user';
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import Content from '@site/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/create/user.md';
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<Content />
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- [SHOW](../../sql-reference/statements/show.md)
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- [GRANT](../../sql-reference/statements/grant.md)
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- [REVOKE](../../sql-reference/statements/revoke.md)
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- [ATTACH](../../sql-reference/statements/attach.md)
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- [CHECK TABLE](../../sql-reference/statements/check-table.md)
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- [DESCRIBE TABLE](../../sql-reference/statements/describe-table.md)
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- [DETACH](../../sql-reference/statements/detach.md)
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- [ATTACH](../../sql-reference/statements/attach.mdx)
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- [CHECK TABLE](../../sql-reference/statements/check-table.mdx)
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- [DESCRIBE TABLE](../../sql-reference/statements/describe-table.mdx)
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- [DETACH](../../sql-reference/statements/detach.mdx)
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- [DROP](../../sql-reference/statements/drop)
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- [EXISTS](../../sql-reference/statements/exists.md)
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- [KILL](../../sql-reference/statements/kill.md)
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- [OPTIMIZE](../../sql-reference/statements/optimize.md)
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- [KILL](../../sql-reference/statements/kill.mdx)
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- [OPTIMIZE](../../sql-reference/statements/optimize.mdx)
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- [RENAME](../../sql-reference/statements/rename.md)
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- [SET](../../sql-reference/statements/set.md)
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- [SET ROLE](../../sql-reference/statements/set-role.md)
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- [SET ROLE](../../sql-reference/statements/set-role.mdx)
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- [TRUNCATE](../../sql-reference/statements/truncate.md)
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- [USE](../../sql-reference/statements/use.md)
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- [EXPLAIN](../../sql-reference/statements/explain.md)
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- [EXPLAIN](../../sql-reference/statements/explain.mdx)
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@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ INSERT INTO t FORMAT TabSeparated
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### 限制 {#constraints}
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如果表中有一些[限制](../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.md#constraints),,数据插入时会逐行进行数据校验,如果这里面包含了不符合限制条件的数据,服务将会抛出包含限制信息的异常,这个语句也会被停止执行。
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如果表中有一些[限制](../../sql-reference/statements/create/table.mdx#constraints),,数据插入时会逐行进行数据校验,如果这里面包含了不符合限制条件的数据,服务将会抛出包含限制信息的异常,这个语句也会被停止执行。
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### 使用`SELECT`的结果写入 {#insert_query_insert-select}
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@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ SYSTEM STOP MOVES [[db.]merge_tree_family_table_name]
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### SYSTEM UNFREEZE {#query_language-system-unfreeze}
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从所有磁盘中清除具有指定名称的冻结备份。 查看更多关于解冻单独部分的信息 [ALTER TABLE table_name UNFREEZE WITH NAME ](alter/partition.md#alter_unfreeze-partition)
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从所有磁盘中清除具有指定名称的冻结备份。 查看更多关于解冻单独部分的信息 [ALTER TABLE table_name UNFREEZE WITH NAME ](alter/partition.mdx#alter_unfreeze-partition)
|
||||
|
||||
``` sql
|
||||
SYSTEM UNFREEZE WITH NAME <backup_name>
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user