Add a test for #20315

tests/queries/0_stateless/01912_bad_cast_join_fuzz.reference

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+1023	0	\N
+1024	1	\N
+1025	2	\N
+1026	3	\N
+1027	4	\N
+1028	5	\N
+1029	6	\N
+1030	7	\N
+1031	8	\N
+1032	9	\N

tests/queries/0_stateless/01912_bad_cast_join_fuzz.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+SELECT
+    1023 + l,
+    *
+FROM
+(
+    SELECT toLowCardinality(toNullable(number)) AS l
+    FROM system.numbers
+    LIMIT 10
+) AS s1
+ANY LEFT JOIN
+(
+    SELECT toLowCardinality(toNullable(number)) AS r
+    FROM system.numbers
+    LIMIT 7
+) AS s2 ON (l + 1023) = (r * 3)
+ORDER BY l, r;