Formats/CapnProtoRowInputStream: support Nested and Tuple, fix alignment issues

This updated contrib/capnproto to a newer version that fixes problems with
unaligned access to message frames.

It also adds support for parsing Struct types as Tuple (named or unnamed),
and Nested array types.

The `struct X { a @0 :UInt64; b @1 :Text }` in Cap'nProto is equivalent to
`x Tuple(a UInt64, b String)` in ClickHouse.

Arrays of Struct types such as `y List(X)` are equivalent to `y Nested(a UInt64, b String)`.

contrib/capnproto

@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 7173ab638fdf144032411dc69fb1082cd473e08f
+Subproject commit a00ccd91b3746ef2ab51d40fe3265829949d1ace

dbms/src/Formats/CapnProtoRowInputStream.cpp

@@ -68,13 +68,24 @@ Field convertNodeToField(capnp::DynamicValue::Reader value)
             auto listValue = value.as<capnp::DynamicList>();
             Array res(listValue.size());
             for (auto i : kj::indices(listValue))
-            res[i] = convertNodeToField(listValue[i]);
+                res[i] = convertNodeToField(listValue[i]);
+
             return res;
         }
         case capnp::DynamicValue::ENUM:
             return UInt64(value.as<capnp::DynamicEnum>().getRaw());
         case capnp::DynamicValue::STRUCT:
-            throw Exception("STRUCT type not supported, read individual fields instead");
+        {
+            auto structValue = value.as<capnp::DynamicStruct>();
+            const auto & fields = structValue.getSchema().getFields();
+
+            Field field = Tuple(TupleBackend(fields.size()));
+            TupleBackend & tuple = get<Tuple &>(field).toUnderType();
+            for (auto i : kj::indices(fields))
+                tuple[i] = convertNodeToField(structValue.get(fields[i]));
+
+            return field;
+        }
         case capnp::DynamicValue::CAPABILITY:
             throw Exception("CAPABILITY type not supported");
         case capnp::DynamicValue::ANY_POINTER:
@@ -88,9 +99,8 @@ capnp::StructSchema::Field getFieldOrThrow(capnp::StructSchema node, const std::
     KJ_IF_MAYBE(child, node.findFieldByName(field))
         return *child;
     else
-        throw Exception("Field " + field + " doesn't exist in schema.");
+        throw Exception("Field " + field + " doesn't exist in schema " + node.getShortDisplayName().cStr());
 }
-
 void CapnProtoRowInputStream::createActions(const NestedFieldList & sortedFields, capnp::StructSchema reader)
 {
     String last;
@@ -110,13 +120,28 @@ void CapnProtoRowInputStream::createActions(const NestedFieldList & sortedFields
         // Descend to a nested structure
         for (; level < field.tokens.size() - 1; ++level)
         {
-            last = field.tokens[level];
-            parent = getFieldOrThrow(reader, last);
-            reader = parent.getType().asStruct();
-            actions.push_back({Action::PUSH, parent});
+            auto node = getFieldOrThrow(reader, field.tokens[level]);
+            if (node.getType().isStruct()) {
+                // Descend to field structure
+                last = field.tokens[level];
+                parent = node;
+                reader = parent.getType().asStruct();
+                actions.push_back({Action::PUSH, parent});
+            } else if (node.getType().isList()) {
+                break; // Collect list
+            } else
+                throw Exception("Field " + field.tokens[level] + "is neither Struct nor List");
         }
+
         // Read field from the structure
-        actions.push_back({Action::READ, getFieldOrThrow(reader, field.tokens[level]), field.pos});
+        auto node = getFieldOrThrow(reader, field.tokens[level]);
+        if (node.getType().isList() && actions.size() > 0 && actions.back().field == node) {
+            // The field list here flattens Nested elements into multiple arrays
+            // In order to map Nested types in Cap'nProto back, they need to be collected
+            actions.back().columns.push_back(field.pos);
+        } else {
+            actions.push_back({Action::READ, node, {field.pos}});
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -176,7 +201,7 @@ bool CapnProtoRowInputStream::read(MutableColumns & columns)
         array = heap_array.asPtr();
     }
 
-    capnp::FlatArrayMessageReader msg(array);
+    capnp::UnalignedFlatArrayMessageReader msg(array);
     std::vector<capnp::DynamicStruct::Reader> stack;
     stack.push_back(msg.getRoot<capnp::DynamicStruct>(root));
 
@@ -186,9 +211,28 @@ bool CapnProtoRowInputStream::read(MutableColumns & columns)
         {
             case Action::READ:
             {
-                auto & col = columns[action.column];
                 Field value = convertNodeToField(stack.back().get(action.field));
-                col->insert(value);
+                if (action.columns.size() > 1) {
+                    // Nested columns must be flattened into several arrays
+                    // e.g. Array(Tuple(x ..., y ...)) -> Array(x ...), Array(y ...)
+                    const Array & collected = DB::get<const Array &>(value);
+                    size_t size = collected.size();
+                    // The flattened array contains an array of a part of the nested tuple
+                    Array flattened(size);
+                    for (size_t column_index = 0; column_index < action.columns.size(); ++column_index) {
+                        // Populate array with a single tuple elements
+                        for (size_t off = 0; off < size; ++off) {
+                            const TupleBackend & tuple = DB::get<const Tuple &>(collected[off]).toUnderType();
+                            flattened[off] = tuple[column_index];
+                        }
+                        auto & col = columns[action.columns[column_index]];
+                        col->insert(flattened);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    auto & col = columns[action.columns[0]];
+                    col->insert(value);
+                }
+
                 break;
             }
             case Action::POP:

dbms/src/Formats/CapnProtoRowInputStream.h

@@ -41,12 +41,13 @@ private:
     void createActions(const NestedFieldList & sortedFields, capnp::StructSchema reader);
 
     /* Action for state machine for traversing nested structures. */
+    using BlockPositionList = std::vector<size_t>;
     struct Action
     {
         enum Type { POP, PUSH, READ };
         Type type;
         capnp::StructSchema::Field field = {};
-        size_t column = 0;
+        BlockPositionList columns = {};
     };
 
     // Wrapper for classes that could throw in destructor