Merge branch 'ClickHouse:master' into interval_type_conversion

2024-11-22 23:52:03 +00:00 · 2024-08-13 12:01:19 +02:00 · 2024-08-13 12:01:19 +02:00 · d82e9b79da
commit d82e9b79da
parent 1cc8457268 dfb892ba5f
550 changed files with 8981 additions and 3746 deletions
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@ -187,14 +187,6 @@ else ()
    set(NO_WHOLE_ARCHIVE --no-whole-archive)
 endif ()

-if (NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE_UC STREQUAL "RELEASE")
-    # Can be lld or ld-lld or lld-13 or /path/to/lld.
-    if (LINKER_NAME MATCHES "lld")
-        set (CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -Wl,--gdb-index")
-        message (STATUS "Adding .gdb-index via --gdb-index linker option.")
-    endif ()
-endif()
-
 if (NOT (SANITIZE_COVERAGE OR WITH_COVERAGE)
    AND (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE_UC STREQUAL "RELEASE"
        OR CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE_UC STREQUAL "RELWITHDEBINFO"
@ -402,7 +394,7 @@ if ((NOT OS_LINUX AND NOT OS_ANDROID) OR (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE_UC STREQUAL "DEBUG")
    set(ENABLE_GWP_ASAN OFF)
 endif ()

-option (ENABLE_FIU "Enable Fiu" ON)
+option (ENABLE_LIBFIU "Enable libfiu" ON)

 option(WERROR "Enable -Werror compiler option" ON)

@ -428,12 +420,17 @@ if (NOT SANITIZE)
    set (CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE OFF)
 endif()

-if (OS_LINUX AND NOT (ARCH_AARCH64 OR ARCH_S390X) AND NOT SANITIZE)
-    # Slightly more efficient code can be generated
-    # It's disabled for ARM because otherwise ClickHouse cannot run on Android.
+if (NOT OS_ANDROID AND OS_LINUX AND NOT ARCH_S390X AND NOT SANITIZE)
+    # Using '-no-pie' builds executables with fixed addresses, resulting in slightly more efficient code
+    # and keeping binary addresses constant even with ASLR enabled.
+    # Disabled on Android as it requires PIE: https://source.android.com/docs/security/enhancements#android-5
+    # Disabled on IBM S390X due to build issues with 'no-pie'
+    # Disabled with sanitizers to avoid issues with maximum relocation size: https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/pull/49145
    set (CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} -fno-pie")
    set (CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} -fno-pie")
    set (CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -no-pie -Wl,-no-pie")
+else ()
+    message (WARNING "ClickHouse is built as PIE, system.trace_log will contain invalid addresses after server restart.")
 endif ()

 if (ENABLE_TESTS)
--- a/contrib/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/contrib/CMakeLists.txt
@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ else()
    message(STATUS "Not using QPL")
 endif ()

-if (OS_LINUX AND ARCH_AMD64)
+if (OS_LINUX AND ARCH_AMD64 AND NOT NO_SSE3_OR_HIGHER)
    option (ENABLE_QATLIB "Enable Intel® QuickAssist Technology Library (QATlib)" ${ENABLE_LIBRARIES})
 elseif(ENABLE_QATLIB)
    message (${RECONFIGURE_MESSAGE_LEVEL} "QATLib is only supported on x86_64")
--- a/contrib/QAT-ZSTD-Plugin-cmake/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/contrib/QAT-ZSTD-Plugin-cmake/CMakeLists.txt
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ if (ENABLE_QAT_OUT_OF_TREE_BUILD)
                ${QAT_AL_INCLUDE_DIR}
                ${QAT_USDM_INCLUDE_DIR}
                ${ZSTD_LIBRARY_DIR})
-    target_compile_definitions(_qatzstd_plugin PRIVATE -DDEBUGLEVEL=0 PUBLIC -DENABLE_ZSTD_QAT_CODEC)
+    target_compile_definitions(_qatzstd_plugin PRIVATE -DDEBUGLEVEL=0)
    add_library (ch_contrib::qatzstd_plugin ALIAS _qatzstd_plugin)
 else () # In-tree build
    message(STATUS "Intel QATZSTD in-tree build")
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ else () # In-tree build
        ${QAT_USDM_INCLUDE_DIR}
        ${ZSTD_LIBRARY_DIR}
        ${LIBQAT_HEADER_DIR})
-    target_compile_definitions(_qatzstd_plugin PRIVATE -DDEBUGLEVEL=0 PUBLIC -DENABLE_ZSTD_QAT_CODEC -DINTREE)
+    target_compile_definitions(_qatzstd_plugin PRIVATE -DDEBUGLEVEL=0 PUBLIC -DINTREE)
    target_include_directories(_qatzstd_plugin SYSTEM PUBLIC $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${QATZSTD_SRC_DIR}> $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>)
    add_library (ch_contrib::qatzstd_plugin ALIAS _qatzstd_plugin)
 endif ()
--- a/contrib/libfiu-cmake/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/contrib/libfiu-cmake/CMakeLists.txt
@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
-if (NOT ENABLE_FIU)
-  message (STATUS "Not using fiu")
+if (NOT ENABLE_LIBFIU)
+  message (STATUS "Not using libfiu")
  return ()
 endif ()

-set(FIU_DIR "${ClickHouse_SOURCE_DIR}/contrib/libfiu/")
+set(LIBFIU_DIR "${ClickHouse_SOURCE_DIR}/contrib/libfiu/")

-set(FIU_SOURCES
-  ${FIU_DIR}/libfiu/fiu.c
-  ${FIU_DIR}/libfiu/fiu-rc.c
-  ${FIU_DIR}/libfiu/backtrace.c
-  ${FIU_DIR}/libfiu/wtable.c
+set(LIBFIU_SOURCES
+    ${LIBFIU_DIR}/libfiu/fiu.c
+    ${LIBFIU_DIR}/libfiu/fiu-rc.c
+    ${LIBFIU_DIR}/libfiu/backtrace.c
+    ${LIBFIU_DIR}/libfiu/wtable.c
 )

-set(FIU_HEADERS "${FIU_DIR}/libfiu")
+set(LIBFIU_HEADERS "${LIBFIU_DIR}/libfiu")

-add_library(_fiu ${FIU_SOURCES})
-target_compile_definitions(_fiu PUBLIC DUMMY_BACKTRACE)
-target_include_directories(_fiu PUBLIC ${FIU_HEADERS})
-add_library(ch_contrib::fiu ALIAS _fiu)
+add_library(_libfiu ${LIBFIU_SOURCES})
+target_compile_definitions(_libfiu PUBLIC DUMMY_BACKTRACE)
+target_compile_definitions(_libfiu PUBLIC FIU_ENABLE)
+target_include_directories(_libfiu PUBLIC ${LIBFIU_HEADERS})
+add_library(ch_contrib::libfiu ALIAS _libfiu)
--- a/contrib/qpl-cmake/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/contrib/qpl-cmake/CMakeLists.txt
@ -728,10 +728,6 @@ add_library(_qpl STATIC ${LIB_DEPS})
 target_include_directories(_qpl
        PUBLIC $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${QPL_PROJECT_DIR}/include/> $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>)

-
-target_compile_definitions(_qpl
-        PUBLIC -DENABLE_QPL_COMPRESSION)
-
 target_link_libraries(_qpl
        PRIVATE ch_contrib::accel-config)

--- a/docker/packager/cctools/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/packager/cctools/Dockerfile
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# docker build -t clickhouse/cctools .
+
 # This is a hack to significantly reduce the build time of the clickhouse/binary-builder
 # It's based on the assumption that we don't care of the cctools version so much
 # It event does not depend on the clickhouse/fasttest in the `docker/images.json`
@ -30,5 +32,29 @@ RUN git clone https://github.com/tpoechtrager/cctools-port.git \
    && cd ../.. \
    && rm -rf cctools-port

+#
+# GDB
+#
+# ld from binutils is 2.38, which has the following error:
+#
+#     DWARF error: invalid or unhandled FORM value: 0x23
+#
+ENV LD=ld.lld-${LLVM_VERSION}
+ARG GDB_VERSION=15.1
+RUN apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install --yes \
+        libgmp-dev \
+        libmpfr-dev \
+    && apt-get clean \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /var/cache/debconf /tmp/*
+RUN wget https://sourceware.org/pub/gdb/releases/gdb-$GDB_VERSION.tar.gz \
+    && tar -xvf gdb-$GDB_VERSION.tar.gz \
+    && cd gdb-$GDB_VERSION \
+    && ./configure --prefix=/opt/gdb \
+    && make -j $(nproc) \
+    && make install \
+    && rm -fr gdb-$GDB_VERSION gdb-$GDB_VERSION.tar.gz
+
 FROM scratch
 COPY --from=builder /cctools /cctools
+COPY --from=builder /opt/gdb /opt/gdb
--- a/docker/test/fasttest/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/test/fasttest/Dockerfile
@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ RUN arch=${TARGETARCH:-amd64} \

 # Give suid to gdb to grant it attach permissions
 # chmod 777 to make the container user independent
-RUN chmod u+s /usr/bin/gdb \
+RUN chmod u+s /opt/gdb/bin/gdb \
  && mkdir -p /var/lib/clickhouse \
  && chmod 777 /var/lib/clickhouse

--- a/docker/test/integration/base/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/test/integration/base/Dockerfile
@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ RUN apt-get update \
        curl \
        default-jre \
        g++ \
-        gdb \
        iproute2 \
        krb5-user \
        libicu-dev \
@ -73,3 +72,6 @@ maxClientCnxns=80' > /opt/zookeeper/conf/zoo.cfg && \

 ENV TZ=Etc/UTC
 RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TZ /etc/localtime && echo $TZ > /etc/timezone
+
+COPY --from=clickhouse/cctools:0d6b90a7a490 /opt/gdb /opt/gdb
+ENV PATH="/opt/gdb/bin:${PATH}"
--- a/docker/test/integration/runner/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/test/integration/runner/Dockerfile
@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ RUN apt-get update \
    luajit \
    libssl-dev \
    libcurl4-openssl-dev \
-    gdb \
    default-jdk \
    software-properties-common \
    libkrb5-dev \
@ -87,6 +86,8 @@ COPY modprobe.sh /usr/local/bin/modprobe
 COPY dockerd-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/
 COPY misc/ /misc/

+COPY --from=clickhouse/cctools:0d6b90a7a490 /opt/gdb /opt/gdb
+ENV PATH="/opt/gdb/bin:${PATH}"

 # Same options as in test/base/Dockerfile
 # (in case you need to override them in tests)
--- a/docker/test/performance-comparison/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/test/performance-comparison/Dockerfile
@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ RUN apt-get update \
            curl \
            dmidecode \
            g++ \
-            gdb \
            git \
            gnuplot \
            imagemagick \
@ -42,6 +41,9 @@ RUN pip3 --no-cache-dir install -r requirements.txt

 COPY run.sh /

+COPY --from=clickhouse/cctools:0d6b90a7a490 /opt/gdb /opt/gdb
+ENV PATH="/opt/gdb/bin:${PATH}"
+
 CMD ["bash", "/run.sh"]

 # docker run --network=host --volume <workspace>:/workspace --volume=<output>:/output -e PR_TO_TEST=<> -e SHA_TO_TEST=<> clickhouse/performance-comparison
--- a/docker/test/stateful/run.sh
+++ b/docker/test/stateful/run.sh
@ -232,15 +232,26 @@ function run_tests()

    set +e

+    TEST_ARGS=(
+        -j 2
+        --testname
+        --shard
+        --zookeeper
+        --check-zookeeper-session
+        --no-stateless
+        --hung-check
+        --print-time
+        --capture-client-stacktrace
+        "${ADDITIONAL_OPTIONS[@]}"
+        "$SKIP_TESTS_OPTION"
+    )
    if [[ -n "$USE_PARALLEL_REPLICAS" ]] && [[ "$USE_PARALLEL_REPLICAS" -eq 1 ]]; then
-        clickhouse-test --client="clickhouse-client --allow_experimental_parallel_reading_from_replicas=1 --parallel_replicas_for_non_replicated_merge_tree=1 \
-            --max_parallel_replicas=100 --cluster_for_parallel_replicas='parallel_replicas'" \
-            -j 2 --testname --shard --zookeeper --check-zookeeper-session --no-stateless --no-parallel-replicas --hung-check --print-time "${ADDITIONAL_OPTIONS[@]}" \
-        "$SKIP_TESTS_OPTION" 2>&1 | ts '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' | tee test_output/test_result.txt
-    else
-        clickhouse-test -j 2 --testname --shard --zookeeper --check-zookeeper-session --no-stateless --hung-check --print-time "${ADDITIONAL_OPTIONS[@]}" \
-        "$SKIP_TESTS_OPTION" 2>&1 | ts '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' | tee test_output/test_result.txt
+        TEST_ARGS+=(
+            --client="clickhouse-client --allow_experimental_parallel_reading_from_replicas=1 --parallel_replicas_for_non_replicated_merge_tree=1 --max_parallel_replicas=100 --cluster_for_parallel_replicas='parallel_replicas'"
+            --no-parallel-replicas
+        )
    fi
+    clickhouse-test "${TEST_ARGS[@]}" 2>&1 | ts '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' | tee test_output/test_result.txt
    set -e
 }

--- a/docker/test/stateless/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/test/stateless/Dockerfile
@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ ENV MAX_RUN_TIME=0

 # Unrelated to vars in setup_minio.sh, but should be the same there
 # to have the same binaries for local running scenario
-ARG MINIO_SERVER_VERSION=2022-01-03T18-22-58Z
-ARG MINIO_CLIENT_VERSION=2022-01-05T23-52-51Z
+ARG MINIO_SERVER_VERSION=2024-08-03T04-33-23Z
+ARG MINIO_CLIENT_VERSION=2024-07-31T15-58-33Z
 ARG TARGETARCH

 # Download Minio-related binaries
--- a/docker/test/stateless/run.sh
+++ b/docker/test/stateless/run.sh
@ -54,8 +54,6 @@ source /utils.lib
 /usr/share/clickhouse-test/config/install.sh

 ./setup_minio.sh stateless
-./mc admin trace clickminio > /test_output/minio.log &
-MC_ADMIN_PID=$!

 ./setup_hdfs_minicluster.sh

@ -176,6 +174,55 @@ done
 setup_logs_replication
 attach_gdb_to_clickhouse

+# create tables for minio log webhooks
+clickhouse-client --query "CREATE TABLE minio_audit_logs
+(
+    log String,
+    event_time DateTime64(9) MATERIALIZED parseDateTime64BestEffortOrZero(trim(BOTH '\"' FROM JSONExtractRaw(log, 'time')), 9, 'UTC')
+)
+ENGINE = MergeTree
+ORDER BY tuple()"
+
+clickhouse-client --query "CREATE TABLE minio_server_logs
+(
+    log String,
+    event_time DateTime64(9) MATERIALIZED parseDateTime64BestEffortOrZero(trim(BOTH '\"' FROM JSONExtractRaw(log, 'time')), 9, 'UTC')
+)
+ENGINE = MergeTree
+ORDER BY tuple()"
+
+# create minio log webhooks for both audit and server logs
+# use async inserts to avoid creating too many parts
+./mc admin config set clickminio logger_webhook:ch_server_webhook endpoint="http://localhost:8123/?async_insert=1&wait_for_async_insert=0&async_insert_busy_timeout_min_ms=5000&async_insert_busy_timeout_max_ms=5000&async_insert_max_query_number=1000&async_insert_max_data_size=10485760&query=INSERT%20INTO%20minio_server_logs%20FORMAT%20LineAsString" queue_size=1000000 batch_size=500
+./mc admin config set clickminio audit_webhook:ch_audit_webhook endpoint="http://localhost:8123/?async_insert=1&wait_for_async_insert=0&async_insert_busy_timeout_min_ms=5000&async_insert_busy_timeout_max_ms=5000&async_insert_max_query_number=1000&async_insert_max_data_size=10485760&query=INSERT%20INTO%20minio_audit_logs%20FORMAT%20LineAsString" queue_size=1000000 batch_size=500
+
+max_retries=100
+retry=1
+while [ $retry -le $max_retries ]; do
+    echo "clickminio restart attempt $retry:"
+
+    output=$(./mc admin service restart clickminio --wait --json 2>&1 | jq -r .status)
+    echo "Output of restart status: $output"
+
+    expected_output="success
+success"
+    if [ "$output" = "$expected_output" ]; then
+        echo "Restarted clickminio successfully."
+        break
+    fi
+
+    sleep 1
+
+    retry=$((retry + 1))
+done
+
+if [ $retry -gt $max_retries ]; then
+    echo "Failed to restart clickminio after $max_retries attempts."
+fi
+
+./mc admin trace clickminio > /test_output/minio.log &
+MC_ADMIN_PID=$!
+
 function fn_exists() {
    declare -F "$1" > /dev/null;
 }
@ -264,11 +311,22 @@ function run_tests()
    TIMEOUT=$((MAX_RUN_TIME - 800 > 8400 ? 8400 : MAX_RUN_TIME - 800))
    START_TIME=${SECONDS}
    set +e
-    timeout --preserve-status --signal TERM --kill-after 60m ${TIMEOUT}s \
-        clickhouse-test --testname --shard --zookeeper --check-zookeeper-session --hung-check --print-time \
-            --no-drop-if-fail --test-runs "$NUM_TRIES" "${ADDITIONAL_OPTIONS[@]}" 2>&1 \
-    | ts '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' \
-    | tee -a test_output/test_result.txt
+
+    TEST_ARGS=(
+        --testname
+        --shard
+        --zookeeper
+        --check-zookeeper-session
+        --hung-check
+        --print-time
+        --no-drop-if-fail
+        --capture-client-stacktrace
+        --test-runs "$NUM_TRIES"
+        "${ADDITIONAL_OPTIONS[@]}"
+    )
+    timeout --preserve-status --signal TERM --kill-after 60m ${TIMEOUT}s clickhouse-test "${TEST_ARGS[@]}" 2>&1 \
+        | ts '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' \
+        | tee -a test_output/test_result.txt
    set -e
    DURATION=$((SECONDS - START_TIME))

@ -328,6 +386,14 @@ do
    fi
 done

+
+# collect minio audit and server logs
+# wait for minio to flush its batch if it has any
+sleep 1
+clickhouse-client -q "SYSTEM FLUSH ASYNC INSERT QUEUE"
+clickhouse-client -q "SELECT log FROM minio_audit_logs ORDER BY event_time INTO OUTFILE '/test_output/minio_audit_logs.jsonl.zst' FORMAT JSONEachRow"
+clickhouse-client -q "SELECT log FROM minio_server_logs ORDER BY event_time INTO OUTFILE '/test_output/minio_server_logs.jsonl.zst' FORMAT JSONEachRow"
+
 # Stop server so we can safely read data with clickhouse-local.
 # Why do we read data with clickhouse-local?
 # Because it's the simplest way to read it when server has crashed.
--- a/docker/test/stateless/setup_minio.sh
+++ b/docker/test/stateless/setup_minio.sh
@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ find_os() {
 download_minio() {
  local os
  local arch
-  local minio_server_version=${MINIO_SERVER_VERSION:-2022-09-07T22-25-02Z}
-  local minio_client_version=${MINIO_CLIENT_VERSION:-2022-08-28T20-08-11Z}
+  local minio_server_version=${MINIO_SERVER_VERSION:-2024-08-03T04-33-23Z}
+  local minio_client_version=${MINIO_CLIENT_VERSION:-2024-07-31T15-58-33Z}

  os=$(find_os)
  arch=$(find_arch)
@ -82,10 +82,10 @@ setup_minio() {
  local test_type=$1
  ./mc alias set clickminio http://localhost:11111 clickhouse clickhouse
  ./mc admin user add clickminio test testtest
-  ./mc admin policy set clickminio readwrite user=test
+  ./mc admin policy attach clickminio readwrite --user=test
  ./mc mb --ignore-existing clickminio/test
  if [ "$test_type" = "stateless" ]; then
-    ./mc policy set public clickminio/test
+    ./mc anonymous set public clickminio/test
  fi
 }

@ -148,4 +148,4 @@ main() {
  setup_aws_credentials
 }

-main "$@"
+main "$@"
--- a/docker/test/util/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/test/util/Dockerfile
@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ RUN apt-get update \
        bash \
        bsdmainutils \
        build-essential \
-        gdb \
        git \
        gperf \
        moreutils \
@ -58,3 +57,6 @@ RUN apt-get update \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /var/cache/debconf /tmp/*

 COPY process_functional_tests_result.py /
+
+COPY --from=clickhouse/cctools:0d6b90a7a490 /opt/gdb /opt/gdb
+ENV PATH="/opt/gdb/bin:${PATH}"
--- a/docs/en/development/tests.md
+++ b/docs/en/development/tests.md
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Each functional test sends one or multiple queries to the running ClickHouse ser

 Tests are located in `queries` directory. There are two subdirectories: `stateless` and `stateful`. Stateless tests run queries without any preloaded test data - they often create small synthetic datasets on the fly, within the test itself. Stateful tests require preloaded test data from ClickHouse and it is available to general public.

-Each test can be one of two types: `.sql` and `.sh`. `.sql` test is the simple SQL script that is piped to `clickhouse-client --multiquery`. `.sh` test is a script that is run by itself. SQL tests are generally preferable to `.sh` tests. You should use `.sh` tests only when you have to test some feature that cannot be exercised from pure SQL, such as piping some input data into `clickhouse-client` or testing `clickhouse-local`.
+Each test can be one of two types: `.sql` and `.sh`. `.sql` test is the simple SQL script that is piped to `clickhouse-client`. `.sh` test is a script that is run by itself. SQL tests are generally preferable to `.sh` tests. You should use `.sh` tests only when you have to test some feature that cannot be exercised from pure SQL, such as piping some input data into `clickhouse-client` or testing `clickhouse-local`.

 :::note
 A common mistake when testing data types `DateTime` and `DateTime64` is assuming that the server uses a specific time zone (e.g. "UTC"). This is not the case, time zones in CI test runs
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ For more options, see `tests/clickhouse-test --help`. You can simply run all tes

 ### Adding a New Test

-To add new test, create a `.sql` or `.sh` file in `queries/0_stateless` directory, check it manually and then generate `.reference` file in the following way: `clickhouse-client --multiquery < 00000_test.sql > 00000_test.reference` or `./00000_test.sh > ./00000_test.reference`.
+To add new test, create a `.sql` or `.sh` file in `queries/0_stateless` directory, check it manually and then generate `.reference` file in the following way: `clickhouse-client < 00000_test.sql > 00000_test.reference` or `./00000_test.sh > ./00000_test.reference`.

 Tests should use (create, drop, etc) only tables in `test` database that is assumed to be created beforehand; also tests can use temporary tables.

--- a/docs/en/engines/table-engines/index.md
+++ b/docs/en/engines/table-engines/index.md
@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ Engines in the family:
 - [RabbitMQ](../../engines/table-engines/integrations/rabbitmq.md)
 - [PostgreSQL](../../engines/table-engines/integrations/postgresql.md)
 - [S3Queue](../../engines/table-engines/integrations/s3queue.md)
+- [TimeSeries](../../engines/table-engines/integrations/time-series.md)

 ### Special Engines {#special-engines}

--- a/docs/en/engines/table-engines/integrations/time-series.md
+++ b/docs/en/engines/table-engines/integrations/time-series.md
@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+---
+slug: /en/engines/table-engines/special/time_series
+sidebar_position: 60
+sidebar_label: TimeSeries
+---
+
+# TimeSeries Engine [Experimental]
+
+A table engine storing time series, i.e. a set of values associated with timestamps and tags (or labels):
+
+```
+metric_name1[tag1=value1, tag2=value2, ...] = {timestamp1: value1, timestamp2: value2, ...}
+metric_name2[...] = ...
+```
+
+:::info
+This is an experimental feature that may change in backwards-incompatible ways in the future releases.
+Enable usage of the TimeSeries table engine
+with [allow_experimental_time_series_table](../../../operations/settings/settings.md#allow-experimental-time-series-table) setting.
+Input the command `set allow_experimental_time_series_table = 1`.
+:::
+
+## Syntax {#syntax}
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE name [(columns)] ENGINE=TimeSeries
+[SETTINGS var1=value1, ...]
+[DATA db.data_table_name | DATA ENGINE data_table_engine(arguments)]
+[TAGS db.tags_table_name | TAGS ENGINE tags_table_engine(arguments)]
+[METRICS db.metrics_table_name | METRICS ENGINE metrics_table_engine(arguments)]
+```
+
+## Usage {#usage}
+
+It's easier to start with everything set by default (it's allowed to create a `TimeSeries` table without specifying a list of columns):
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE my_table ENGINE=TimeSeries
+```
+
+Then this table can be used with the following protocols (a port must be assigned in the server configuration):
+- [prometheus remote-write](../../../interfaces/prometheus.md#remote-write)
+- [prometheus remote-read](../../../interfaces/prometheus.md#remote-read)
+
+## Target tables {#target-tables}
+
+A `TimeSeries` table doesn't have its own data, everything is stored in its target tables.
+This is similar to how a [materialized view](../../../sql-reference/statements/create/view#materialized-view) works,
+with the difference that a materialized view has one target table
+whereas a `TimeSeries` table has three target tables named [data]{#data-table}, [tags]{#tags-table], and [metrics]{#metrics-table}.
+
+The target tables can be either specified explicitly in the `CREATE TABLE` query
+or the `TimeSeries` table engine can generate inner target tables automatically.
+
+The target tables are the following:
+1. The _data_ table {#data-table} contains time series associated with some identifier.
+The _data_ table must have columns:
+
+| Name | Mandatory? | Default type | Possible types | Description |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| `id` | [x] | `UUID` | any | Identifies a combination of a metric names and tags |
+| `timestamp` | [x] | `DateTime64(3)` | `DateTime64(X)` | A time point |
+| `value` | [x] | `Float64` | `Float32` or `Float64` | A value associated with the `timestamp` |
+
+2. The _tags_ table {#tags-table} contains identifiers calculated for each combination of a metric name and tags.
+The _tags_ table must have columns:
+
+| Name | Mandatory? | Default type | Possible types | Description |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| `id` | [x] | `UUID` | any (must match the type of `id` in the [data]{#data-table} table) | An `id` identifies a combination of a metric name and tags. The DEFAULT expression specifies how to calculate such an identifier |
+| `metric_name` | [x] | `LowCardinality(String)` | `String` or `LowCardinality(String)` | The name of a metric |
+| `<tag_value_column>` | [ ] | `String` | `String` or `LowCardinality(String)` or `LowCardinality(Nullable(String))` | The value of a specific tag, the tag's name and the name of a corresponding column are specified in the [tags_to_columns](#settings) setting |
+| `tags` | [x] | `Map(LowCardinality(String), String)` | `Map(String, String)` or `Map(LowCardinality(String), String)` or `Map(LowCardinality(String), LowCardinality(String))` | Map of tags excluding the tag `__name__` containing the name of a metric and excluding tags with names enumerated in the [tags_to_columns](#settings) setting |
+| `all_tags` | [ ] | `Map(String, String)` | `Map(String, String)` or `Map(LowCardinality(String), String)` or `Map(LowCardinality(String), LowCardinality(String))` | Ephemeral column, each row is a map of all the tags excluding only the tag `__name__` containing the name of a metric. The only purpose of that column is to be used while calculating `id` |
+| `min_time` | [ ] | `Nullable(DateTime64(3))` | `DateTime64(X)` or `Nullable(DateTime64(X))` | Minimum timestamp of time series with that `id`. The column is created if [store_min_time_and_max_time](#settings) is `true` |
+| `max_time` | [ ] | `Nullable(DateTime64(3))` | `DateTime64(X)` or `Nullable(DateTime64(X))` | Maximum timestamp of time series with that `id`. The column is created if [store_min_time_and_max_time](#settings) is `true` |
+
+3. The _metrics_ table {#metrics-table} contains some information about metrics been collected, the types of those metrics and their descriptions.
+The _metrics_ table must have columns:
+
+| Name | Mandatory? | Default type | Possible types | Description |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| `metric_family_name` | [x] | `String` | `String` or `LowCardinality(String)` | The name of a metric family |
+| `type` | [x] | `String` | `String` or `LowCardinality(String)` | The type of a metric family, one of "counter", "gauge", "summary", "stateset", "histogram", "gaugehistogram" |
+| `unit` | [x] | `String` | `String` or `LowCardinality(String)` | The unit used in a metric |
+| `help` | [x] | `String` | `String` or `LowCardinality(String)` | The description of a metric |
+
+Any row inserted into a `TimeSeries` table will be in fact stored in those three target tables.
+A `TimeSeries` table contains all those columns from the [data]{#data-table}, [tags]{#tags-table}, [metrics]{#metrics-table} tables.
+
+## Creation {#creation}
+
+There are multiple ways to create a table with the `TimeSeries` table engine.
+The simplest statement
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE my_table ENGINE=TimeSeries
+```
+
+will actually create the following table (you can see that by executing `SHOW CREATE TABLE my_table`):
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE my_table
+(
+    `id` UUID DEFAULT reinterpretAsUUID(sipHash128(metric_name, all_tags)),
+    `timestamp` DateTime64(3),
+    `value` Float64,
+    `metric_name` LowCardinality(String),
+    `tags` Map(LowCardinality(String), String),
+    `all_tags` Map(String, String),
+    `min_time` Nullable(DateTime64(3)),
+    `max_time` Nullable(DateTime64(3)),
+    `metric_family_name` String,
+    `type` String,
+    `unit` String,
+    `help` String
+)
+ENGINE = TimeSeries
+DATA ENGINE = MergeTree ORDER BY (id, timestamp)
+DATA INNER UUID '01234567-89ab-cdef-0123-456789abcdef'
+TAGS ENGINE = AggregatingMergeTree PRIMARY KEY metric_name ORDER BY (metric_name, id)
+TAGS INNER UUID '01234567-89ab-cdef-0123-456789abcdef'
+METRICS ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree ORDER BY metric_family_name
+METRICS INNER UUID '01234567-89ab-cdef-0123-456789abcdef'
+```
+
+So the columns were generated automatically and also there are three inner UUIDs in this statement -
+one per each inner target table that was created.
+(Inner UUIDs are not shown normally until setting
+[show_table_uuid_in_table_create_query_if_not_nil](../../../operations/settings/settings#show_table_uuid_in_table_create_query_if_not_nil)
+is set.)
+
+Inner target tables have names like `.inner_id.data.xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx`,
+`.inner_id.tags.xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx`, `.inner_id.metrics.xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx`
+and each target table has columns which is a subset of the columns of the main `TimeSeries` table:
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE default.`.inner_id.data.xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx`
+(
+    `id` UUID,
+    `timestamp` DateTime64(3),
+    `value` Float64
+)
+ENGINE = MergeTree
+ORDER BY (id, timestamp)
+```
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE default.`.inner_id.tags.xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx`
+(
+    `id` UUID DEFAULT reinterpretAsUUID(sipHash128(metric_name, all_tags)),
+    `metric_name` LowCardinality(String),
+    `tags` Map(LowCardinality(String), String),
+    `all_tags` Map(String, String) EPHEMERAL,
+    `min_time` SimpleAggregateFunction(min, Nullable(DateTime64(3))),
+    `max_time` SimpleAggregateFunction(max, Nullable(DateTime64(3)))
+)
+ENGINE = AggregatingMergeTree
+PRIMARY KEY metric_name
+ORDER BY (metric_name, id)
+```
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE default.`.inner_id.metrics.xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx`
+(
+    `metric_family_name` String,
+    `type` String,
+    `unit` String,
+    `help` String
+)
+ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree
+ORDER BY metric_family_name
+```
+
+## Adjusting types of columns {#adjusting-column-types}
+
+You can adjust the types of almost any column of the inner target tables by specifying them explicitly
+while defining the main table. For example,
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE my_table
+(
+    timestamp DateTime64(6)
+) ENGINE=TimeSeries
+```
+
+will make the inner [data]{#data-table} table store timestamp in microseconds instead of milliseconds:
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE default.`.inner_id.data.xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx`
+(
+    `id` UUID,
+    `timestamp` DateTime64(6),
+    `value` Float64
+)
+ENGINE = MergeTree
+ORDER BY (id, timestamp)
+```
+
+## The `id` column {#id-column}
+
+The `id` column contains identifiers, every identifier is calculated for a combination of a metric name and tags.
+The DEFAULT expression for the `id` column is an expression which will be used to calculate such identifiers.
+Both the type of the `id` column and that expression can be adjusted by specifying them explicitly:
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE my_table
+(
+    id UInt64 DEFAULT sipHash64(metric_name, all_tags)
+) ENGINE=TimeSeries
+```
+
+## The `tags` and `all_tags` columns {#tags-and-all-tags}
+
+There are two columns containing maps of tags - `tags` and `all_tags`. In this example they mean the same, however they can be different
+if setting `tags_to_columns` is used. This setting allows to specify that a specific tag should be stored in a separate column instead of storing
+in a map inside the `tags` column:
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE my_table ENGINE=TimeSeries SETTINGS = {'instance': 'instance', 'job': 'job'}
+```
+
+This statement will add columns
+```
+    `instance` String,
+    `job` String
+```
+to the definition of both `my_table` and its inner [tags]{#tags-table} target table. In this case the `tags` column will not contain tags `instance` and `job`,
+but the `all_tags` column will contain them. The `all_tags` column is ephemeral and its only purpose to be used in the DEFAULT expression
+for the `id` column.
+
+The types of columns can be adjusted by specifying them explicitly:
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE my_table (instance LowCardinality(String), job LowCardinality(Nullable(String)))
+ENGINE=TimeSeries SETTINGS = {'instance': 'instance', 'job': 'job'}
+```
+
+## Table engines of inner target tables {#inner-table-engines}
+
+By default inner target tables use the following table engines:
+- the [data]{#data-table} table uses [MergeTree](../mergetree-family/mergetree);
+- the [tags]{#tags-table} table uses [AggregatingMergeTree](../mergetree-family/aggregatingmergetree) because the same data is often inserted multiple times to this table so we need a way
+to remove duplicates, and also because it's required to do aggregation for columns `min_time` and `max_time`;
+- the [metrics]{#metrics-table} table uses [ReplacingMergeTree](../mergetree-family/replacingmergetree) because the same data is often inserted multiple times to this table so we need a way
+to remove duplicates.
+
+Other table engines also can be used for inner target tables if it's specified so:
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE my_table ENGINE=TimeSeries
+DATA ENGINE=ReplicatedMergeTree
+TAGS ENGINE=ReplicatedAggregatingMergeTree
+METRICS ENGINE=ReplicatedReplacingMergeTree
+```
+
+## External target tables {#external-target-tables}
+
+It's possible to make a `TimeSeries` table use a manually created table:
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE data_for_my_table
+(
+    `id` UUID,
+    `timestamp` DateTime64(3),
+    `value` Float64
+)
+ENGINE = MergeTree
+ORDER BY (id, timestamp);
+
+CREATE TABLE tags_for_my_table ...
+
+CREATE TABLE metrics_for_my_table ...
+
+CREATE TABLE my_table ENGINE=TimeSeries DATA data_for_my_table TAGS tags_for_my_table METRICS metrics_for_my_table;
+```
+
+## Settings {#settings}
+
+Here is a list of settings which can be specified while defining a `TimeSeries` table:
+
+| Name | Type | Default | Description |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `tags_to_columns` | Map | {} | Map specifying which tags should be put to separate columns in the [tags]{#tags-table} table. Syntax: `{'tag1': 'column1', 'tag2' : column2, ...}` |
+| `use_all_tags_column_to_generate_id` | Bool | true | When generating an expression to calculate an identifier of a time series, this flag enables using the `all_tags` column in that calculation |
+| `store_min_time_and_max_time` | Bool | true | If set to true then the table will store `min_time` and `max_time` for each time series |
+| `aggregate_min_time_and_max_time` | Bool | true | When creating an inner target `tags` table, this flag enables using `SimpleAggregateFunction(min, Nullable(DateTime64(3)))` instead of just `Nullable(DateTime64(3))` as the type of the `min_time` column, and the same for the `max_time` column |
+| `filter_by_min_time_and_max_time` | Bool | true | If set to true then the table will use the `min_time` and `max_time` columns for filtering time series |
+
+# Functions {#functions}
+
+Here is a list of functions supporting a `TimeSeries` table as an argument:
+- [timeSeriesData](../../../sql-reference/table-functions/timeSeriesData.md)
+- [timeSeriesTags](../../../sql-reference/table-functions/timeSeriesTags.md)
+- [timeSeriesMetrics](../../../sql-reference/table-functions/timeSeriesMetrics.md)
--- a/docs/en/interfaces/prometheus.md
+++ b/docs/en/interfaces/prometheus.md
@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+---
+slug: /en/interfaces/prometheus
+sidebar_position: 19
+sidebar_label: Prometheus protocols
+---
+
+# Prometheus protocols
+
+## Exposing metrics {#expose}
+
+:::note
+ClickHouse Cloud does not currently support connecting to Prometheus. To be notified when this feature is supported, please contact support@clickhouse.com.
+:::
+
+ClickHouse can expose its own metrics for scraping from Prometheus:
+
+```xml
+<prometheus>
+    <port>9363</port>
+    <endpoint>/metrics</endpoint>
+    <metrics>true</metrics>
+    <asynchronous_metrics>true</asynchronous_metrics>
+    <events>true</events>
+    <errors>true</errors>
+</prometheus>
+
+Section `<prometheus.handlers>` can be used to make more extended handlers.
+This section is similar to [<http_handlers>](/en/interfaces/http) but works for prometheus protocols:
+
+```xml
+<prometheus>
+    <port>9363</port>
+    <handlers>
+        <my_rule_1>
+            <url>/metrics</url>
+            <handler>
+                <type>expose_metrics</type>
+                <metrics>true</metrics>
+                <asynchronous_metrics>true</asynchronous_metrics>
+                <events>true</events>
+                <errors>true</errors>
+            </handler>
+        </my_rule_1>
+    </handlers>
+</prometheus>
+```
+
+Settings:
+
+| Name | Default | Description |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `port` | none | Port for serving the exposing metrics protocol. |
+| `endpoint` | `/metrics` | HTTP endpoint for scraping metrics by prometheus server. Starts with `/`. Should not be used with the `<handlers>` section. |
+| `url` / `headers` / `method` | none | Filters used to find a matching handler for a request. Similar to the fields with the same names in the [<http_handlers>](/en/interfaces/http) section. |
+| `metrics` | true | Expose metrics from the [system.metrics](/en/operations/system-tables/metrics) table. |
+| `asynchronous_metrics` | true | Expose current metrics values from the [system.asynchronous_metrics](/en/operations/system-tables/asynchronous_metrics) table. |
+| `events` | true | Expose metrics from the [system.events](/en/operations/system-tables/events) table. |
+| `errors` | true | Expose the number of errors by error codes occurred since the last server restart. This information could be obtained from the [system.errors](/en/operations/system-tables/errors) as well. |
+
+Check (replace `127.0.0.1` with the IP addr or hostname of your ClickHouse server):
+```bash
+curl 127.0.0.1:9363/metrics
+```
+
+## Remote-write protocol {#remote-write}
+
+ClickHouse supports the [remote-write](https://prometheus.io/docs/specs/remote_write_spec/) protocol.
+Data are received by this protocol and written to a [TimeSeries](/en/engines/table-engines/special/time_series) table
+(which should be created beforehand).
+
+```xml
+<prometheus>
+    <port>9363</port>
+    <handlers>
+        <my_rule_1>
+            <url>/write</url>
+            <handler>
+                <type>remote_write</type>
+                <database>db_name</database>
+                <table>time_series_table</table>
+            </handler>
+        </my_rule_1>
+    </handlers>
+</prometheus>
+```
+
+Settings:
+
+| Name | Default | Description |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `port` | none | Port for serving the `remote-write` protocol. |
+| `url` / `headers` / `method` | none | Filters used to find a matching handler for a request. Similar to the fields with the same names in the [<http_handlers>](/en/interfaces/http) section. |
+| `table` | none | The name of a [TimeSeries](/en/engines/table-engines/special/time_series) table to write data received by the `remote-write` protocol. This name can optionally contain the name of a database too. |
+| `database` | none | The name of a database where the table specified in the `table` setting is located if it's not specified in the `table` setting. |
+
+## Remote-read protocol {#remote-read}
+
+ClickHouse supports the [remote-read](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/remote_read_api/) protocol.
+Data are read from a [TimeSeries](/en/engines/table-engines/special/time_series) table and sent via this protocol.
+
+```xml
+<prometheus>
+    <port>9363</port>
+    <handlers>
+        <my_rule_1>
+            <url>/read</url>
+            <handler>
+                <type>remote_read</type>
+                <database>db_name</database>
+                <table>time_series_table</table>
+            </handler>
+        </my_rule_1>
+    </handlers>
+</prometheus>
+```
+
+Settings:
+
+| Name | Default | Description |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `port` | none | Port for serving the `remote-read` protocol. |
+| `url` / `headers` / `method` | none | Filters used to find a matching handler for a request. Similar to the fields with the same names in the [<http_handlers>](/en/interfaces/http) section. |
+| `table` | none | The name of a [TimeSeries](/en/engines/table-engines/special/time_series) table to read data to send by the `remote-read` protocol. This name can optionally contain the name of a database too. |
+| `database` | none | The name of a database where the table specified in the `table` setting is located if it's not specified in the `table` setting. |
+
+## Configuration for multiple protocols {#multiple-protocols}
+
+Multiple protocols can be specified together in one place:
+
+```xml
+<prometheus>
+    <port>9363</port>
+    <handlers>
+        <my_rule_1>
+            <url>/metrics</url>
+            <handler>
+                <type>expose_metrics</type>
+                <metrics>true</metrics>
+                <asynchronous_metrics>true</asynchronous_metrics>
+                <events>true</events>
+                <errors>true</errors>
+            </handler>
+        </my_rule_1>
+        <my_rule_2>
+            <url>/write</url>
+            <handler>
+                <type>remote_write</type>
+                <table>db_name.time_series_table</table>
+            </handler>
+        </my_rule_2>
+        <my_rule_3>
+            <url>/read</url>
+            <handler>
+                <type>remote_read</type>
+                <table>db_name.time_series_table</table>
+            </handler>
+        </my_rule_3>
+    </handlers>
+</prometheus>
+```
--- a/docs/en/operations/server-configuration-parameters/settings.md
+++ b/docs/en/operations/server-configuration-parameters/settings.md
@ -2112,48 +2112,6 @@ The trailing slash is mandatory.
 <path>/var/lib/clickhouse/</path>
 ```

-## Prometheus {#prometheus}
-
-:::note
-ClickHouse Cloud does not currently support connecting to Prometheus. To be notified when this feature is supported, please contact support@clickhouse.com.
-:::
-
-Exposing metrics data for scraping from [Prometheus](https://prometheus.io).
-
-Settings:
-
- `endpoint` – HTTP endpoint for scraping metrics by prometheus server. Start from ‘/’.
- `port` – Port for `endpoint`.
- `metrics` – Expose metrics from the [system.metrics](../../operations/system-tables/metrics.md#system_tables-metrics) table.
- `events` – Expose metrics from the [system.events](../../operations/system-tables/events.md#system_tables-events) table.
- `asynchronous_metrics` – Expose current metrics values from the [system.asynchronous_metrics](../../operations/system-tables/asynchronous_metrics.md#system_tables-asynchronous_metrics) table.
- `errors` - Expose the number of errors by error codes occurred since the last server restart. This information could be obtained from the [system.errors](../../operations/system-tables/asynchronous_metrics.md#system_tables-errors) as well.
-
-**Example**
-
-``` xml
-<clickhouse>
-    <listen_host>0.0.0.0</listen_host>
-    <http_port>8123</http_port>
-    <tcp_port>9000</tcp_port>
-    <!-- highlight-start -->
-    <prometheus>
-        <endpoint>/metrics</endpoint>
-        <port>9363</port>
-        <metrics>true</metrics>
-        <events>true</events>
-        <asynchronous_metrics>true</asynchronous_metrics>
-        <errors>true</errors>
-    </prometheus>
-    <!-- highlight-end -->
-</clickhouse>
-```
-
-Check (replace `127.0.0.1` with the IP addr or hostname of your ClickHouse server):
-```bash
-curl 127.0.0.1:9363/metrics
-```
-
 ## query_log {#query-log}

 Setting for logging queries received with the [log_queries=1](../../operations/settings/settings.md) setting.
--- a/docs/en/operations/settings/settings.md
+++ b/docs/en/operations/settings/settings.md
@ -5626,3 +5626,14 @@ Default value: `False`
 Disable all insert and mutations (alter table update / alter table delete / alter table drop partition). Set to true, can make this node focus on reading queries.

 Default value: `false`.
+
+## allow_experimental_time_series_table {#allow-experimental-time-series-table}
+
+Allows creation of tables with the [TimeSeries](../../engines/table-engines/integrations/time-series.md) table engine.
+
+Possible values:
+
+- 0 — the [TimeSeries](../../engines/table-engines/integrations/time-series.md) table engine is disabled.
+- 1 — the [TimeSeries](../../engines/table-engines/integrations/time-series.md) table engine is enabled.
+
+Default value: `0`.
--- a/docs/en/operations/system-tables/kafka_consumers.md
+++ b/docs/en/operations/system-tables/kafka_consumers.md
@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ Columns:
 - `num_rebalance_revocations`, (UInt64) - number of times the consumer was revoked its partitions
 - `num_rebalance_assignments`, (UInt64) - number of times the consumer was assigned to Kafka cluster
 - `is_currently_used`, (UInt8) - consumer is in use
+- `last_used`, (UInt64) - last time this consumer was in use, unix time in microseconds
 - `rdkafka_stat` (String) - library internal statistic. See https://github.com/ClickHouse/librdkafka/blob/master/STATISTICS.md . Set `statistics_interval_ms` to 0 disable, default is 3000 (once in three seconds).

 Example:
--- a/docs/en/sql-reference/data-types/geo.md
+++ b/docs/en/sql-reference/data-types/geo.md
@ -52,6 +52,48 @@ Result:
 └───────────────────────────────┴───────────────┘
 ```

+## LineString
+
+`LineString` is a line stored as an array of points: [Array](array.md)([Point](#point)).
+
+**Example**
+
+Query:
+
+```sql
+CREATE TABLE geo_linestring (l LineString) ENGINE = Memory();
+INSERT INTO geo_linestring VALUES([(0, 0), (10, 0), (10, 10), (0, 10)]);
+SELECT l, toTypeName(l) FROM geo_linestring;
+```
+Result:
+
+``` text
+┌─r─────────────────────────────┬─toTypeName(r)─┐
+│ [(0,0),(10,0),(10,10),(0,10)] │ LineString    │
+└───────────────────────────────┴───────────────┘
+```
+
+## MultiLineString
+
+`MultiLineString` is multiple lines stored as an array of `LineString`: [Array](array.md)([LineString](#linestring)).
+
+**Example**
+
+Query:
+
+```sql
+CREATE TABLE geo_multilinestring (l MultiLineString) ENGINE = Memory();
+INSERT INTO geo_multilinestring VALUES([[(0, 0), (10, 0), (10, 10), (0, 10)], [(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)]]);
+SELECT l, toTypeName(l) FROM geo_multilinestring;
+```
+Result:
+
+``` text
+┌─l───────────────────────────────────────────────────┬─toTypeName(l)───┐
+│ [[(0,0),(10,0),(10,10),(0,10)],[(1,1),(2,2),(3,3)]] │ MultiLineString │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────┘
+```
+
 ## Polygon

 `Polygon` is a polygon with holes stored as an array of rings: [Array](array.md)([Ring](#ring)). First element of outer array is the outer shape of polygon and all the following elements are holes.
--- a/docs/en/sql-reference/functions/geo/polygon.md
+++ b/docs/en/sql-reference/functions/geo/polygon.md
@ -6,11 +6,13 @@ title: "Functions for Working with Polygons"

 ## WKT

-Returns a WKT (Well Known Text) geometric object from various [Geo Data Types](../../data-types/geo.md). Supported WKT objects are: 
+Returns a WKT (Well Known Text) geometric object from various [Geo Data Types](../../data-types/geo.md). Supported WKT objects are:

 - POINT
 - POLYGON
 - MULTIPOLYGON
+- LINESTRING
+- MULTILINESTRING

 **Syntax**

@ -26,12 +28,16 @@ WKT(geo_data)
 - [Ring](../../data-types/geo.md#ring)
 - [Polygon](../../data-types/geo.md#polygon)
 - [MultiPolygon](../../data-types/geo.md#multipolygon)
+- [LineString](../../data-types/geo.md#linestring)
+- [MultiLineString](../../data-types/geo.md#multilinestring)

 **Returned value**

 - WKT geometric object `POINT` is returned for a Point.
 - WKT geometric object `POLYGON` is returned for a Polygon
- WKT geometric object `MULTIPOLYGON` is returned for a MultiPolygon. 
+- WKT geometric object `MULTIPOLYGON` is returned for a MultiPolygon.
+- WKT geometric object `LINESTRING` is returned for a LineString.
+- WKT geometric object `MULTILINESTRING` is returned for a MultiLineString.

 **Examples**

@ -84,7 +90,7 @@ SELECT

 ### Input parameters

-String starting with `MULTIPOLYGON` 
+String starting with `MULTIPOLYGON`

 ### Returned value

@ -170,6 +176,34 @@ SELECT readWKTLineString('LINESTRING (1 1, 2 2, 3 3, 1 1)');
 [(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,1)]
 ```

+## readWKTMultiLineString
+
+Parses a Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of a MultiLineString geometry and returns it in the internal ClickHouse format.
+
+### Syntax
+
+```sql
+readWKTMultiLineString(wkt_string)
+```
+
+### Arguments
+
+- `wkt_string`: The input WKT string representing a MultiLineString geometry.
+
+### Returned value
+
+The function returns a ClickHouse internal representation of the multilinestring geometry.
+
+### Example
+
+```sql
+SELECT readWKTMultiLineString('MULTILINESTRING ((1 1, 2 2, 3 3), (4 4, 5 5, 6 6))');
+```
+
+```response
+[[(1,1),(2,2),(3,3)],[(4,4),(5,5),(6,6)]]
+```
+
 ## readWKTRing

 Parses a Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of a Polygon geometry and returns a ring (closed linestring) in the internal ClickHouse format.
@ -219,7 +253,7 @@ UInt8, 0 for false, 1 for true

 ## polygonsDistanceSpherical

-Calculates the minimal distance between two points where one point belongs to the first polygon and the second to another polygon. Spherical means that coordinates are interpreted as coordinates on a pure and ideal sphere, which is not true for the Earth. Using this type of coordinate system speeds up execution, but of course is not precise. 
+Calculates the minimal distance between two points where one point belongs to the first polygon and the second to another polygon. Spherical means that coordinates are interpreted as coordinates on a pure and ideal sphere, which is not true for the Earth. Using this type of coordinate system speeds up execution, but of course is not precise.

 ### Example

--- a/docs/en/sql-reference/functions/other-functions.md
+++ b/docs/en/sql-reference/functions/other-functions.md
@ -4189,3 +4189,94 @@ Result:
 │                          32 │
 └─────────────────────────────┘
 ```
+
+## getSubcolumn
+
+Takes a table expression or identifier and constant string with the name of the sub-column, and returns the requested sub-column extracted from the expression.
+
+**Syntax**
+
+```sql
+getSubcolumn(col_name, subcol_name)
+```
+
+**Arguments**
+
+- `col_name` — Table expression or identifier. [Expression](../syntax.md/#expressions), [Identifier](../syntax.md/#identifiers).
+- `subcol_name` — The name of the sub-column. [String](../data-types/string.md).
+
+**Returned value**
+
+- Returns the extracted sub-column.
+
+**Example**
+
+Query:
+
+```sql
+CREATE TABLE t_arr (arr Array(Tuple(subcolumn1 UInt32, subcolumn2 String))) ENGINE = MergeTree ORDER BY tuple();
+INSERT INTO t_arr VALUES ([(1, 'Hello'), (2, 'World')]), ([(3, 'This'), (4, 'is'), (5, 'subcolumn')]);
+SELECT getSubcolumn(arr, 'subcolumn1'), getSubcolumn(arr, 'subcolumn2') FROM t_arr;
+```
+
+Result:
+
+```response
+   ┌─getSubcolumn(arr, 'subcolumn1')─┬─getSubcolumn(arr, 'subcolumn2')─┐
+1. │ [1,2]                           │ ['Hello','World']               │
+2. │ [3,4,5]                         │ ['This','is','subcolumn']       │
+   └─────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+## getTypeSerializationStreams
+
+Enumerates stream paths of a data type.
+
+:::note
+This function is intended for use by developers.
+:::
+
+**Syntax**
+
+```sql
+getTypeSerializationStreams(col)
+```
+
+**Arguments**
+
+- `col` — Column or string representation of a data-type from which the data type will be detected.
+
+**Returned value**
+
+- Returns an array with all the serialization sub-stream paths.[Array](../data-types/array.md)([String](../data-types/string.md)).
+
+**Examples**
+
+Query:
+
+```sql
+SELECT getTypeSerializationStreams(tuple('a', 1, 'b', 2));
+```
+
+Result:
+
+```response
+   ┌─getTypeSerializationStreams(('a', 1, 'b', 2))─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+1. │ ['{TupleElement(1), Regular}','{TupleElement(2), Regular}','{TupleElement(3), Regular}','{TupleElement(4), Regular}'] │
+   └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+Query:
+
+```sql
+SELECT getTypeSerializationStreams('Map(String, Int64)');
+```
+
+Result:
+
+```response
+   ┌─getTypeSerializationStreams('Map(String, Int64)')────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+1. │ ['{ArraySizes}','{ArrayElements, TupleElement(keys), Regular}','{ArrayElements, TupleElement(values), Regular}'] │
+   └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
--- a/docs/en/sql-reference/functions/type-conversion-functions.md
+++ b/docs/en/sql-reference/functions/type-conversion-functions.md
--- a/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/alter/partition.md
+++ b/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/alter/partition.md
@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ The following operations with [partitions](/docs/en/engines/table-engines/merget

 - [DETACH PARTITION\|PART](#detach-partitionpart) — Moves a partition or part to the `detached` directory and forget it.
 - [DROP PARTITION\|PART](#drop-partitionpart) — Deletes a partition or part.
+- [DROP DETACHED PARTITION\|PART](#drop-detached-partitionpart) - Delete a part or all parts of a partition from `detached`.
 - [FORGET PARTITION](#forget-partition) — Deletes a partition metadata from zookeeper if it's empty.
 - [ATTACH PARTITION\|PART](#attach-partitionpart) — Adds a partition or part from the `detached` directory to the table.
 - [ATTACH PARTITION FROM](#attach-partition-from) — Copies the data partition from one table to another and adds.
@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ ALTER TABLE mt DROP PART 'all_4_4_0';
 ## DROP DETACHED PARTITION\|PART

 ``` sql
-ALTER TABLE table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] DROP DETACHED PARTITION|PART partition_expr
+ALTER TABLE table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster] DROP DETACHED PARTITION|PART ALL|partition_expr
 ```

 Removes the specified part or all parts of the specified partition from `detached`.
--- a/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/alter/statistics.md
+++ b/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/alter/statistics.md
@ -8,26 +8,28 @@ sidebar_label: STATISTICS

 The following operations are available:

-   `ALTER TABLE [db].table ADD STATISTICS (columns list) TYPE (type list)` - Adds statistic description to tables metadata.
+-   `ALTER TABLE [db].table ADD STATISTICS [IF NOT EXISTS] (column list) TYPE (type list)` - Adds statistic description to tables metadata.

-   `ALTER TABLE [db].table MODIFY STATISTICS (columns list) TYPE (type list)` - Modifies statistic description to tables metadata.
+-   `ALTER TABLE [db].table MODIFY STATISTICS (column list) TYPE (type list)` - Modifies statistic description to tables metadata.

-   `ALTER TABLE [db].table DROP STATISTICS (columns list)` - Removes statistics from the metadata of the specified columns and deletes all statistics objects in all parts for the specified columns.
+-   `ALTER TABLE [db].table DROP STATISTICS [IF EXISTS] (column list)` - Removes statistics from the metadata of the specified columns and deletes all statistics objects in all parts for the specified columns.

-   `ALTER TABLE [db].table CLEAR STATISTICS (columns list)` - Deletes all statistics objects in all parts for the specified columns. Statistics objects can be rebuild using `ALTER TABLE MATERIALIZE STATISTICS`.
+-   `ALTER TABLE [db].table CLEAR STATISTICS [IF EXISTS] (column list)` - Deletes all statistics objects in all parts for the specified columns. Statistics objects can be rebuild using `ALTER TABLE MATERIALIZE STATISTICS`.

-   `ALTER TABLE [db.]table MATERIALIZE STATISTICS (columns list)` - Rebuilds the statistic for columns. Implemented as a [mutation](../../../sql-reference/statements/alter/index.md#mutations). 
+-   `ALTER TABLE [db.]table MATERIALIZE STATISTICS [IF EXISTS] (column list)` - Rebuilds the statistic for columns. Implemented as a [mutation](../../../sql-reference/statements/alter/index.md#mutations). 

 The first two commands are lightweight in a sense that they only change metadata or remove files.

 Also, they are replicated, syncing statistics metadata via ZooKeeper.

-There is an example adding two statistics types to two columns:
+## Example:
+
+Adding two statistics types to two columns:

 ```
 ALTER TABLE t1 MODIFY STATISTICS c, d TYPE TDigest, Uniq;
 ```

 :::note
-Statistic manipulation is supported only for tables with [`*MergeTree`](../../../engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree.md) engine (including [replicated](../../../engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/replication.md) variants).
+Statistic are supported only for [`*MergeTree`](../../../engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree.md) engine tables (including [replicated](../../../engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/replication.md) variants).
 :::
--- a/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/select/join.md
+++ b/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/select/join.md
@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ Otherwise, you'll get `INVALID_JOIN_ON_EXPRESSION`.

 :::

-Clickhouse currently supports `ALL INNER/LEFT/RIGHT/FULL JOIN` with inequality conditions in addition to equality conditions. The inequality conditions are supported only for `hash` and `grace_hash` join algorithms. The inequality conditions are not supported with `join_use_nulls`.
+Clickhouse currently supports `ALL/ANY/SEMI/ANTI INNER/LEFT/RIGHT/FULL JOIN` with inequality conditions in addition to equality conditions. The inequality conditions are supported only for `hash` and `grace_hash` join algorithms. The inequality conditions are not supported with `join_use_nulls`.

 **Example**

--- a/docs/en/sql-reference/table-functions/fuzzQuery.md
+++ b/docs/en/sql-reference/table-functions/fuzzQuery.md
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+---
+slug: /en/sql-reference/table-functions/fuzzQuery
+sidebar_position: 75
+sidebar_label: fuzzQuery
+---
+
+# fuzzQuery
+
+Perturbs the given query string with random variations.
+
+``` sql
+fuzzQuery(query[, max_query_length[, random_seed]])
+```
+
+**Arguments**
+
+- `query` (String) - The source query to perform the fuzzing on.
+- `max_query_length` (UInt64) - A maximum length the query can get during the fuzzing process.
+- `random_seed` (UInt64) - A random seed for producing stable results.
+
+**Returned Value**
+
+A table object with a single column containing perturbed query strings.
+
+## Usage Example
+
+``` sql
+SELECT * FROM fuzzQuery('SELECT materialize(\'a\' AS key) GROUP BY key') LIMIT 2;
+```
+
+```
+   ┌─query──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+1. │ SELECT 'a' AS key GROUP BY key                                 │
+2. │ EXPLAIN PIPELINE compact = true SELECT 'a' AS key GROUP BY key │
+   └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
--- a/docs/en/sql-reference/table-functions/timeSeriesData.md
+++ b/docs/en/sql-reference/table-functions/timeSeriesData.md
@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+slug: /en/sql-reference/table-functions/timeSeriesData
+sidebar_position: 145
+sidebar_label: timeSeriesData
+---
+
+# timeSeriesData
+
+`timeSeriesData(db_name.time_series_table)` - Returns the [data](../../engines/table-engines/integrations/time-series.md#data-table) table
+used by table `db_name.time_series_table` which table engine is [TimeSeries](../../engines/table-engines/integrations/time-series.md):
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE db_name.time_series_table ENGINE=TimeSeries DATA data_table
+```
+
+The function also works if the _data_ table is inner:
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE db_name.time_series_table ENGINE=TimeSeries DATA INNER UUID '01234567-89ab-cdef-0123-456789abcdef'
+```
+
+The following queries are equivalent:
+
+``` sql
+SELECT * FROM timeSeriesData(db_name.time_series_table);
+SELECT * FROM timeSeriesData('db_name.time_series_table');
+SELECT * FROM timeSeriesData('db_name', 'time_series_table');
+```
--- a/docs/en/sql-reference/table-functions/timeSeriesMetrics.md
+++ b/docs/en/sql-reference/table-functions/timeSeriesMetrics.md
@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+slug: /en/sql-reference/table-functions/timeSeriesMetrics
+sidebar_position: 145
+sidebar_label: timeSeriesMetrics
+---
+
+# timeSeriesMetrics
+
+`timeSeriesMetrics(db_name.time_series_table)` - Returns the [metrics](../../engines/table-engines/integrations/time-series.md#metrics-table) table
+used by table `db_name.time_series_table` which table engine is [TimeSeries](../../engines/table-engines/integrations/time-series.md):
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE db_name.time_series_table ENGINE=TimeSeries METRICS metrics_table
+```
+
+The function also works if the _metrics_ table is inner:
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE db_name.time_series_table ENGINE=TimeSeries METRICS INNER UUID '01234567-89ab-cdef-0123-456789abcdef'
+```
+
+The following queries are equivalent:
+
+``` sql
+SELECT * FROM timeSeriesMetrics(db_name.time_series_table);
+SELECT * FROM timeSeriesMetrics('db_name.time_series_table');
+SELECT * FROM timeSeriesMetrics('db_name', 'time_series_table');
+```
--- a/docs/en/sql-reference/table-functions/timeSeriesTags.md
+++ b/docs/en/sql-reference/table-functions/timeSeriesTags.md
@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+slug: /en/sql-reference/table-functions/timeSeriesTags
+sidebar_position: 145
+sidebar_label: timeSeriesTags
+---
+
+# timeSeriesTags
+
+`timeSeriesTags(db_name.time_series_table)` - Returns the [tags](../../engines/table-engines/integrations/time-series.md#tags-table) table
+used by table `db_name.time_series_table` which table engine is [TimeSeries](../../engines/table-engines/integrations/time-series.md):
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE db_name.time_series_table ENGINE=TimeSeries TAGS tags_table
+```
+
+The function also works if the _tags_ table is inner:
+
+``` sql
+CREATE TABLE db_name.time_series_table ENGINE=TimeSeries TAGS INNER UUID '01234567-89ab-cdef-0123-456789abcdef'
+```
+
+The following queries are equivalent:
+
+``` sql
+SELECT * FROM timeSeriesTags(db_name.time_series_table);
+SELECT * FROM timeSeriesTags('db_name.time_series_table');
+SELECT * FROM timeSeriesTags('db_name', 'time_series_table');
+```
--- a/docs/zh/operations/external-authenticators/kerberos.md
+++ b/docs/zh/operations/external-authenticators/kerberos.md
@ -23,30 +23,30 @@ slug: /zh/operations/external-authenticators/kerberos

 示例 (进入 `config.xml`):
 ```xml
-<yandex>
+<clickhouse>
    <!- ... -->
    <kerberos />
-</yandex>
+</clickhouse>
 ```

 主体规范:
 ```xml
-<yandex>
+<clickhouse>
    <!- ... -->
    <kerberos>
        <principal>HTTP/clickhouse.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM</principal>
    </kerberos>
-</yandex>
+</clickhouse>
 ```

 按领域过滤:
 ```xml
-<yandex>
+<clickhouse>
    <!- ... -->
    <kerberos>
        <realm>EXAMPLE.COM</realm>
    </kerberos>
-</yandex>
+</clickhouse>
 ```

 !!! warning "注意"
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Kerberos主体名称格式通常遵循以下模式:

 示例 (进入 `users.xml`):
 ```
-<yandex>
+<clickhouse>
    <!- ... -->
    <users>
        <!- ... -->
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ Kerberos主体名称格式通常遵循以下模式:
            </kerberos>
        </my_user>
    </users>
-</yandex>
+</clickhouse>
 ```

 !!! warning "警告"
--- a/programs/client/Client.cpp
+++ b/programs/client/Client.cpp
@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ std::vector<String> Client::loadWarningMessages()

                    size_t rows = packet.block.rows();
                    for (size_t i = 0; i < rows; ++i)
-                        messages.emplace_back(column[i].get<String>());
+                        messages.emplace_back(column[i].safeGet<String>());
                }
                continue;

--- a/programs/client/Client.h
+++ b/programs/client/Client.h
@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ class Client : public ClientApplicationBase
 public:
    using Arguments = ClientApplicationBase::Arguments;

-    Client() = default;
+    Client()
+    {
+        fuzzer = QueryFuzzer(randomSeed(), &std::cout, &std::cerr);
+    }

    void initialize(Poco::Util::Application & self) override;

--- a/programs/keeper-client/Commands.cpp
+++ b/programs/keeper-client/Commands.cpp
@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ void SetCommand::execute(const ASTKeeperQuery * query, KeeperClient * client) co
        client->zookeeper->set(
            client->getAbsolutePath(query->args[0].safeGet<String>()),
            query->args[1].safeGet<String>(),
-            static_cast<Int32>(query->args[2].get<Int32>()));
+            static_cast<Int32>(query->args[2].safeGet<Int32>()));
 }

 bool CreateCommand::parse(IParser::Pos & pos, std::shared_ptr<ASTKeeperQuery> & node, Expected & expected) const
@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ void RMCommand::execute(const ASTKeeperQuery * query, KeeperClient * client) con
 {
    Int32 version{-1};
    if (query->args.size() == 2)
-        version = static_cast<Int32>(query->args[1].get<Int32>());
+        version = static_cast<Int32>(query->args[1].safeGet<Int32>());

    client->zookeeper->remove(client->getAbsolutePath(query->args[0].safeGet<String>()), version);
 }
@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ void ReconfigCommand::execute(const DB::ASTKeeperQuery * query, DB::KeeperClient
    String leaving;
    String new_members;

-    auto operation = query->args[0].get<ReconfigCommand::Operation>();
+    auto operation = query->args[0].safeGet<ReconfigCommand::Operation>();
    switch (operation)
    {
        case static_cast<UInt8>(ReconfigCommand::Operation::ADD):
--- a/programs/local/LocalServer.cpp
+++ b/programs/local/LocalServer.cpp
@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ void LocalServer::initialize(Poco::Util::Application & self)

    if (fs::exists(config_path))
    {
-        ConfigProcessor config_processor(config_path, false, true);
+        ConfigProcessor config_processor(config_path);
        ConfigProcessor::setConfigPath(fs::path(config_path).parent_path());
        auto loaded_config = config_processor.loadConfig();
        getClientConfiguration().add(loaded_config.configuration.duplicate(), PRIO_DEFAULT, false);
--- a/programs/server/Server.cpp
+++ b/programs/server/Server.cpp
@ -814,10 +814,11 @@ try

    const size_t physical_server_memory = getMemoryAmount();

-    LOG_INFO(log, "Available RAM: {}; physical cores: {}; logical cores: {}.",
+    LOG_INFO(log, "Available RAM: {}; logical cores: {}; used cores: {}.",
        formatReadableSizeWithBinarySuffix(physical_server_memory),
-        getNumberOfPhysicalCPUCores(),  // on ARM processors it can show only enabled at current moment cores
-        std::thread::hardware_concurrency());
+        std::thread::hardware_concurrency(),
+        getNumberOfPhysicalCPUCores()  // on ARM processors it can show only enabled at current moment cores
+        );

 #if defined(__x86_64__)
    String cpu_info;
@ -1623,7 +1624,7 @@ try
                concurrent_threads_soft_limit = new_server_settings.concurrent_threads_soft_limit_num;
            if (new_server_settings.concurrent_threads_soft_limit_ratio_to_cores > 0)
            {
-                auto value = new_server_settings.concurrent_threads_soft_limit_ratio_to_cores * std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
+                auto value = new_server_settings.concurrent_threads_soft_limit_ratio_to_cores * getNumberOfPhysicalCPUCores();
                if (value > 0 && value < concurrent_threads_soft_limit)
                    concurrent_threads_soft_limit = value;
            }
--- a/programs/server/config.d/transactions.xml
+++ b/programs/server/config.d/transactions.xml
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../../tests/config/config.d/transactions.xml
--- a/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionGroupArray.cpp
+++ b/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionGroupArray.cpp
@ -780,12 +780,12 @@ AggregateFunctionPtr createAggregateFunctionGroupArray(
        if (type != Field::Types::Int64 && type != Field::Types::UInt64)
               throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "Parameter for aggregate function {} should be positive number", name);

-        if ((type == Field::Types::Int64 && parameters[0].get<Int64>() < 0) ||
-            (type == Field::Types::UInt64 && parameters[0].get<UInt64>() == 0))
+        if ((type == Field::Types::Int64 && parameters[0].safeGet<Int64>() < 0) ||
+            (type == Field::Types::UInt64 && parameters[0].safeGet<UInt64>() == 0))
            throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "Parameter for aggregate function {} should be positive number", name);

        has_limit = true;
-        max_elems = parameters[0].get<UInt64>();
+        max_elems = parameters[0].safeGet<UInt64>();
    }
    else
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::NUMBER_OF_ARGUMENTS_DOESNT_MATCH,
@ -816,11 +816,11 @@ AggregateFunctionPtr createAggregateFunctionGroupArraySample(
        if (type != Field::Types::Int64 && type != Field::Types::UInt64)
            throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "Parameter for aggregate function {} should be positive number", name);

-        if ((type == Field::Types::Int64 && parameters[i].get<Int64>() < 0) ||
-                (type == Field::Types::UInt64 && parameters[i].get<UInt64>() == 0))
+        if ((type == Field::Types::Int64 && parameters[i].safeGet<Int64>() < 0) ||
+                (type == Field::Types::UInt64 && parameters[i].safeGet<UInt64>() == 0))
            throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "Parameter for aggregate function {} should be positive number", name);

-        return parameters[i].get<UInt64>();
+        return parameters[i].safeGet<UInt64>();
    };

    UInt64 max_elems = get_parameter(0);
--- a/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionGroupArrayIntersect.cpp
+++ b/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionGroupArrayIntersect.cpp
@ -83,16 +83,16 @@ public:
        if (version == 1)
        {
            for (size_t i = 0; i < arr_size; ++i)
-                set.insert(static_cast<T>((*data_column)[offset + i].get<T>()));
+                set.insert(static_cast<T>((*data_column)[offset + i].safeGet<T>()));
        }
        else if (!set.empty())
        {
            typename State::Set new_set;
            for (size_t i = 0; i < arr_size; ++i)
            {
-                typename State::Set::LookupResult set_value = set.find(static_cast<T>((*data_column)[offset + i].get<T>()));
+                typename State::Set::LookupResult set_value = set.find(static_cast<T>((*data_column)[offset + i].safeGet<T>()));
                if (set_value != nullptr)
-                    new_set.insert(static_cast<T>((*data_column)[offset + i].get<T>()));
+                    new_set.insert(static_cast<T>((*data_column)[offset + i].safeGet<T>()));
            }
            set = std::move(new_set);
        }
--- a/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionGroupArrayMoving.cpp
+++ b/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionGroupArrayMoving.cpp
@ -269,12 +269,12 @@ AggregateFunctionPtr createAggregateFunctionMoving(
        if (type != Field::Types::Int64 && type != Field::Types::UInt64)
               throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "Parameter for aggregate function {} should be positive integer", name);

-        if ((type == Field::Types::Int64 && parameters[0].get<Int64>() <= 0) ||
-            (type == Field::Types::UInt64 && parameters[0].get<UInt64>() == 0))
+        if ((type == Field::Types::Int64 && parameters[0].safeGet<Int64>() <= 0) ||
+            (type == Field::Types::UInt64 && parameters[0].safeGet<UInt64>() == 0))
            throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "Parameter for aggregate function {} should be positive integer", name);

        limit_size = true;
-        max_elems = parameters[0].get<UInt64>();
+        max_elems = parameters[0].safeGet<UInt64>();
    }
    else
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::NUMBER_OF_ARGUMENTS_DOESNT_MATCH,
--- a/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionGroupArraySorted.cpp
+++ b/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionGroupArraySorted.cpp
@ -397,11 +397,11 @@ AggregateFunctionPtr createAggregateFunctionGroupArray(
        if (type != Field::Types::Int64 && type != Field::Types::UInt64)
               throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "Parameter for aggregate function {} should be positive number", name);

-        if ((type == Field::Types::Int64 && parameters[0].get<Int64>() < 0) ||
-            (type == Field::Types::UInt64 && parameters[0].get<UInt64>() == 0))
+        if ((type == Field::Types::Int64 && parameters[0].safeGet<Int64>() < 0) ||
+            (type == Field::Types::UInt64 && parameters[0].safeGet<UInt64>() == 0))
            throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "Parameter for aggregate function {} should be positive number", name);

-        max_elems = parameters[0].get<UInt64>();
+        max_elems = parameters[0].safeGet<UInt64>();
    }
    else
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::NUMBER_OF_ARGUMENTS_DOESNT_MATCH,
--- a/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionGroupConcat.cpp
+++ b/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionGroupConcat.cpp
@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ AggregateFunctionPtr createAggregateFunctionGroupConcat(
        if (type != Field::Types::String)
            throw Exception(ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_ARGUMENT, "First parameter for aggregate function {} should be string", name);

-        delimiter = parameters[0].get<String>();
+        delimiter = parameters[0].safeGet<String>();
    }
    if (parameters.size() == 2)
    {
@ -256,12 +256,12 @@ AggregateFunctionPtr createAggregateFunctionGroupConcat(
        if (type != Field::Types::Int64 && type != Field::Types::UInt64)
            throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "Second parameter for aggregate function {} should be a positive number", name);

-        if ((type == Field::Types::Int64 && parameters[1].get<Int64>() <= 0) ||
-            (type == Field::Types::UInt64 && parameters[1].get<UInt64>() == 0))
-            throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "Second parameter for aggregate function {} should be a positive number, got: {}", name, parameters[1].get<Int64>());
+        if ((type == Field::Types::Int64 && parameters[1].safeGet<Int64>() <= 0) ||
+            (type == Field::Types::UInt64 && parameters[1].safeGet<UInt64>() == 0))
+            throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "Second parameter for aggregate function {} should be a positive number, got: {}", name, parameters[1].safeGet<Int64>());

        has_limit = true;
-        limit = parameters[1].get<UInt64>();
+        limit = parameters[1].safeGet<UInt64>();
    }

    if (has_limit)
--- a/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionGroupUniqArray.cpp
+++ b/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionGroupUniqArray.cpp
@ -323,12 +323,12 @@ AggregateFunctionPtr createAggregateFunctionGroupUniqArray(
        if (type != Field::Types::Int64 && type != Field::Types::UInt64)
            throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "Parameter for aggregate function {} should be positive number", name);

-        if ((type == Field::Types::Int64 && parameters[0].get<Int64>() < 0) ||
-            (type == Field::Types::UInt64 && parameters[0].get<UInt64>() == 0))
+        if ((type == Field::Types::Int64 && parameters[0].safeGet<Int64>() < 0) ||
+            (type == Field::Types::UInt64 && parameters[0].safeGet<UInt64>() == 0))
            throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "Parameter for aggregate function {} should be positive number", name);

        limit_size = true;
-        max_elems = parameters[0].get<UInt64>();
+        max_elems = parameters[0].safeGet<UInt64>();
    }
    else
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::NUMBER_OF_ARGUMENTS_DOESNT_MATCH,
--- a/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionKolmogorovSmirnovTest.cpp
+++ b/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionKolmogorovSmirnovTest.cpp
@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ public:
        if (params[0].getType() != Field::Types::String)
            throw Exception(ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_ARGUMENT, "Aggregate function {} require first parameter to be a String", getName());

-        const auto & param = params[0].get<String>();
+        const auto & param = params[0].safeGet<String>();
        if (param == "two-sided")
            alternative = Alternative::TwoSided;
        else if (param == "less")
@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ public:
        if (params[1].getType() != Field::Types::String)
                throw Exception(ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_ARGUMENT, "Aggregate function {} require second parameter to be a String", getName());

-        method = params[1].get<String>();
+        method = params[1].safeGet<String>();
        if (method != "auto" && method != "exact" && method != "asymp" && method != "asymptotic")
            throw Exception(ErrorCodes::BAD_ARGUMENTS, "Unknown method in aggregate function {}. "
                    "It must be one of: 'auto', 'exact', 'asymp' (or 'asymptotic')", getName());
--- a/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionLargestTriangleThreeBuckets.cpp
+++ b/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionLargestTriangleThreeBuckets.cpp
@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ public:
            throw Exception(
                ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_ARGUMENT, "Aggregate function {} require first parameter to be a UInt64", getName());

-        total_buckets = params[0].get<UInt64>();
+        total_buckets = params[0].safeGet<UInt64>();

        this->x_type = WhichDataType(arguments[0]).idx;
        this->y_type = WhichDataType(arguments[1]).idx;
--- a/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionMannWhitney.cpp
+++ b/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionMannWhitney.cpp
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ public:
        if (params[0].getType() != Field::Types::String)
            throw Exception(ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_ARGUMENT, "Aggregate function {} require first parameter to be a String", getName());

-        const auto & param = params[0].get<String>();
+        const auto & param = params[0].safeGet<String>();
        if (param == "two-sided")
            alternative = Alternative::TwoSided;
        else if (param == "less")
@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ public:
        if (params[1].getType() != Field::Types::UInt64)
                throw Exception(ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_ARGUMENT, "Aggregate function {} require second parameter to be a UInt64", getName());

-        continuity_correction = static_cast<bool>(params[1].get<UInt64>());
+        continuity_correction = static_cast<bool>(params[1].safeGet<UInt64>());
    }

    String getName() const override
--- a/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionQuantile.h
+++ b/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionQuantile.h
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ public:
                throw Exception(
                    ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_ARGUMENT, "Aggregate function {} requires relative accuracy parameter with Float64 type", getName());

-            relative_accuracy = relative_accuracy_field.get<Float64>();
+            relative_accuracy = relative_accuracy_field.safeGet<Float64>();

            if (relative_accuracy <= 0 || relative_accuracy >= 1 || isNaN(relative_accuracy))
                throw Exception(
@ -147,9 +147,9 @@ public:
                    ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_ARGUMENT, "Aggregate function {} requires accuracy parameter with integer type", getName());

            if (accuracy_field.getType() == Field::Types::Int64)
-                accuracy = accuracy_field.get<Int64>();
+                accuracy = accuracy_field.safeGet<Int64>();
            else
-                accuracy = accuracy_field.get<UInt64>();
+                accuracy = accuracy_field.safeGet<UInt64>();

            if (accuracy <= 0)
                throw Exception(
--- a/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionSumMap.cpp
+++ b/src/AggregateFunctions/AggregateFunctionSumMap.cpp
@ -300,12 +300,12 @@ public:
                    /// Compatibility with previous versions.
                    if (value.getType() == Field::Types::Decimal32)
                    {
-                        auto source = value.get<DecimalField<Decimal32>>();
+                        auto source = value.safeGet<DecimalField<Decimal32>>();
                        value = DecimalField<Decimal128>(source.getValue(), source.getScale());
                    }
                    else if (value.getType() == Field::Types::Decimal64)
                    {
-                        auto source = value.get<DecimalField<Decimal64>>();
+                        auto source = value.safeGet<DecimalField<Decimal64>>();
                        value = DecimalField<Decimal128>(source.getValue(), source.getScale());
                    }

@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ public:
                    /// Compatibility with previous versions.
                    if (value.getType() == Field::Types::Decimal128)
                    {
-                        auto source = value.get<DecimalField<Decimal128>>();
+                        auto source = value.safeGet<DecimalField<Decimal128>>();
                        WhichDataType value_type(values_types[col_idx]);
                        if (value_type.isDecimal32())
                        {
@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ private:
    template <typename FieldType>
    bool compareImpl(FieldType & x) const
    {
-        auto val = rhs.get<FieldType>();
+        auto val = rhs.safeGet<FieldType>();
        if (val > x)
        {
            x = val;
@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ private:
    template <typename FieldType>
    bool compareImpl(FieldType & x) const
    {
-        auto val = rhs.get<FieldType>();
+        auto val = rhs.safeGet<FieldType>();
        if (val < x)
        {
            x = val;
--- a/src/Analyzer/Passes/ComparisonTupleEliminationPass.cpp
+++ b/src/Analyzer/Passes/ComparisonTupleEliminationPass.cpp
@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ private:
        if (constant_node_value.getType() != Field::Types::Which::Tuple)
            return {};

-        const auto & constant_tuple = constant_node_value.get<const Tuple &>();
+        const auto & constant_tuple = constant_node_value.safeGet<const Tuple &>();

        const auto & function_arguments_nodes = function_node_typed.getArguments().getNodes();
        size_t function_arguments_nodes_size = function_arguments_nodes.size();
--- a/src/Analyzer/Passes/ConvertOrLikeChainPass.cpp
+++ b/src/Analyzer/Passes/ConvertOrLikeChainPass.cpp
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ public:
            if (!pattern || !isString(pattern->getResultType()))
                continue;

-            auto regexp = likePatternToRegexp(pattern->getValue().get<String>());
+            auto regexp = likePatternToRegexp(pattern->getValue().safeGet<String>());
            /// Case insensitive. Works with UTF-8 as well.
            if (is_ilike)
                regexp = "(?i)" + regexp;
--- a/src/Analyzer/Passes/FunctionToSubcolumnsPass.cpp
+++ b/src/Analyzer/Passes/FunctionToSubcolumnsPass.cpp
@ -68,10 +68,10 @@ void optimizeFunctionEmpty(QueryTreeNodePtr &, FunctionNode & function_node, Col
 String getSubcolumnNameForElement(const Field & value, const DataTypeTuple & data_type_tuple)
 {
    if (value.getType() == Field::Types::String)
-        return value.get<const String &>();
+        return value.safeGet<const String &>();

    if (value.getType() == Field::Types::UInt64)
-        return data_type_tuple.getNameByPosition(value.get<UInt64>());
+        return data_type_tuple.getNameByPosition(value.safeGet<UInt64>());

    return "";
 }
@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ String getSubcolumnNameForElement(const Field & value, const DataTypeTuple & dat
 String getSubcolumnNameForElement(const Field & value, const DataTypeVariant &)
 {
    if (value.getType() == Field::Types::String)
-        return value.get<const String &>();
+        return value.safeGet<const String &>();

    return "";
 }
--- a/src/Analyzer/Passes/FuseFunctionsPass.cpp
+++ b/src/Analyzer/Passes/FuseFunctionsPass.cpp
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ FunctionNodePtr createFusedQuantilesNode(std::vector<QueryTreeNodePtr *> & nodes
        /// Sort nodes and parameters in ascending order of quantile level
        std::vector<size_t> permutation(nodes.size());
        iota(permutation.data(), permutation.size(), size_t(0));
-        std::sort(permutation.begin(), permutation.end(), [&](size_t i, size_t j) { return parameters[i].get<Float64>() < parameters[j].get<Float64>(); });
+        std::sort(permutation.begin(), permutation.end(), [&](size_t i, size_t j) { return parameters[i].safeGet<Float64>() < parameters[j].safeGet<Float64>(); });

        std::vector<QueryTreeNodePtr *> new_nodes;
        new_nodes.reserve(permutation.size());
--- a/src/Analyzer/Passes/IfTransformStringsToEnumPass.cpp
+++ b/src/Analyzer/Passes/IfTransformStringsToEnumPass.cpp
@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ public:
                return;

            std::set<std::string> string_values;
-            string_values.insert(first_literal->getValue().get<std::string>());
-            string_values.insert(second_literal->getValue().get<std::string>());
+            string_values.insert(first_literal->getValue().safeGet<std::string>());
+            string_values.insert(second_literal->getValue().safeGet<std::string>());

            changeIfArguments(*function_if_node, string_values, context);
            wrapIntoToString(*function_node, std::move(modified_if_node), context);
@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ public:
            if (!isArray(literal_to->getResultType()) || !isString(literal_default->getResultType()))
                return;

-            auto array_to = literal_to->getValue().get<Array>();
+            auto array_to = literal_to->getValue().safeGet<Array>();

            if (array_to.empty())
                return;
@ -178,9 +178,9 @@ public:
            std::set<std::string> string_values;

            for (const auto & value : array_to)
-                string_values.insert(value.get<std::string>());
+                string_values.insert(value.safeGet<std::string>());

-            string_values.insert(literal_default->getValue().get<std::string>());
+            string_values.insert(literal_default->getValue().safeGet<std::string>());

            changeTransformArguments(*function_modified_transform_node, string_values, context);
            wrapIntoToString(*function_node, std::move(modified_transform_node), context);
--- a/src/Analyzer/Passes/NormalizeCountVariantsPass.cpp
+++ b/src/Analyzer/Passes/NormalizeCountVariantsPass.cpp
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ public:
        }
        else if (function_node->getFunctionName() == "sum" &&
            first_argument_constant_literal.getType() == Field::Types::UInt64 &&
-            first_argument_constant_literal.get<UInt64>() == 1)
+            first_argument_constant_literal.safeGet<UInt64>() == 1)
        {
            function_node->getArguments().getNodes().clear();
            resolveAggregateFunctionNodeByName(*function_node, "count");
--- a/src/Analyzer/Passes/OptimizeDateOrDateTimeConverterWithPreimagePass.cpp
+++ b/src/Analyzer/Passes/OptimizeDateOrDateTimeConverterWithPreimagePass.cpp
@ -143,13 +143,13 @@ private:
        const auto & column_type = column_node_typed.getColumnType().get();
        if (isDateOrDate32(column_type))
        {
-            start_date_or_date_time = date_lut.dateToString(range.first.get<DateLUTImpl::Time>());
-            end_date_or_date_time = date_lut.dateToString(range.second.get<DateLUTImpl::Time>());
+            start_date_or_date_time = date_lut.dateToString(range.first.safeGet<DateLUTImpl::Time>());
+            end_date_or_date_time = date_lut.dateToString(range.second.safeGet<DateLUTImpl::Time>());
        }
        else if (isDateTime(column_type) || isDateTime64(column_type))
        {
-            start_date_or_date_time = date_lut.timeToString(range.first.get<DateLUTImpl::Time>());
-            end_date_or_date_time = date_lut.timeToString(range.second.get<DateLUTImpl::Time>());
+            start_date_or_date_time = date_lut.timeToString(range.first.safeGet<DateLUTImpl::Time>());
+            end_date_or_date_time = date_lut.timeToString(range.second.safeGet<DateLUTImpl::Time>());
        }
        else [[unlikely]]
            return {};
--- a/src/Analyzer/Passes/RewriteAggregateFunctionWithIfPass.cpp
+++ b/src/Analyzer/Passes/RewriteAggregateFunctionWithIfPass.cpp
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ public:
        {
            const auto & second_const_value = second_const_node->getValue();
            if (second_const_value.isNull()
-                || (lower_name == "sum" && isInt64OrUInt64FieldType(second_const_value.getType()) && second_const_value.get<UInt64>() == 0
+                || (lower_name == "sum" && isInt64OrUInt64FieldType(second_const_value.getType()) && second_const_value.safeGet<UInt64>() == 0
                    && !if_node->getResultType()->isNullable()))
            {
                /// avg(if(cond, a, null)) -> avgIf(a::ResultTypeIf, cond)
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ public:
        {
            const auto & first_const_value = first_const_node->getValue();
            if (first_const_value.isNull()
-                || (lower_name == "sum" && isInt64OrUInt64FieldType(first_const_value.getType()) && first_const_value.get<UInt64>() == 0
+                || (lower_name == "sum" && isInt64OrUInt64FieldType(first_const_value.getType()) && first_const_value.safeGet<UInt64>() == 0
                    && !if_node->getResultType()->isNullable()))
            {
                /// avg(if(cond, null, a) -> avgIf(a::ResultTypeIf, !cond))
--- a/src/Analyzer/Passes/SumIfToCountIfPass.cpp
+++ b/src/Analyzer/Passes/SumIfToCountIfPass.cpp
@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ public:

            resolveAggregateFunctionNodeByName(*function_node, "countIf");

-            if (constant_value_literal.get<UInt64>() != 1)
+            if (constant_value_literal.safeGet<UInt64>() != 1)
            {
                /// Rewrite `sumIf(123, cond)` into `123 * countIf(cond)`
                node = getMultiplyFunction(std::move(multiplier_node), node);
@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ public:
        const auto & if_true_condition_constant_value_literal = if_true_condition_constant_node->getValue();
        const auto & if_false_condition_constant_value_literal = if_false_condition_constant_node->getValue();

-        auto if_true_condition_value = if_true_condition_constant_value_literal.get<UInt64>();
-        auto if_false_condition_value = if_false_condition_constant_value_literal.get<UInt64>();
+        auto if_true_condition_value = if_true_condition_constant_value_literal.safeGet<UInt64>();
+        auto if_false_condition_value = if_false_condition_constant_value_literal.safeGet<UInt64>();

        if (if_false_condition_value == 0)
        {
--- a/src/Analyzer/QueryTreeBuilder.cpp
+++ b/src/Analyzer/QueryTreeBuilder.cpp
@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ QueryTreeNodePtr QueryTreeBuilder::buildSortList(const ASTPtr & order_by_express

        std::shared_ptr<Collator> collator;
        if (order_by_element.getCollation())
-            collator = std::make_shared<Collator>(order_by_element.getCollation()->as<ASTLiteral &>().value.get<String &>());
+            collator = std::make_shared<Collator>(order_by_element.getCollation()->as<ASTLiteral &>().value.safeGet<String &>());

        const auto & sort_expression_ast = order_by_element.children.at(0);
        auto sort_expression = buildExpression(sort_expression_ast, context);
--- a/src/Analyzer/Resolve/IdentifierResolver.cpp
+++ b/src/Analyzer/Resolve/IdentifierResolver.cpp
@ -1273,7 +1273,7 @@ QueryTreeNodePtr IdentifierResolver::matchArrayJoinSubcolumns(
            const auto & constant_node_value = constant_node.getValue();
            if (constant_node_value.getType() == Field::Types::String)
            {
-                array_join_subcolumn_prefix = constant_node_value.get<String>() + ".";
+                array_join_subcolumn_prefix = constant_node_value.safeGet<String>() + ".";
                array_join_parent_column = argument_nodes.at(0).get();
            }
        }
@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@ QueryTreeNodePtr IdentifierResolver::matchArrayJoinSubcolumns(
    if (!second_argument || second_argument->getValue().getType() != Field::Types::String)
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR, "Expected constant string as second argument of getSubcolumn function {}", resolved_function->dumpTree());

-    const auto & resolved_subcolumn_path = second_argument->getValue().get<String &>();
+    const auto & resolved_subcolumn_path = second_argument->getValue().safeGet<String &>();
    if (!startsWith(resolved_subcolumn_path, array_join_subcolumn_prefix))
        return {};

@ -1331,7 +1331,7 @@ QueryTreeNodePtr IdentifierResolver::tryResolveExpressionFromArrayJoinExpression
            size_t nested_function_arguments_size = nested_function_arguments.size();

            const auto & nested_keys_names_constant_node = nested_function_arguments[0]->as<ConstantNode & >();
-            const auto & nested_keys_names = nested_keys_names_constant_node.getValue().get<Array &>();
+            const auto & nested_keys_names = nested_keys_names_constant_node.getValue().safeGet<Array &>();
            size_t nested_keys_names_size = nested_keys_names.size();

            if (nested_keys_names_size == nested_function_arguments_size - 1)
@ -1344,7 +1344,7 @@ QueryTreeNodePtr IdentifierResolver::tryResolveExpressionFromArrayJoinExpression
                    auto array_join_column = std::make_shared<ColumnNode>(array_join_column_expression_typed.getColumn(),
                        array_join_column_expression_typed.getColumnSource());

-                    const auto & nested_key_name = nested_keys_names[i - 1].get<String &>();
+                    const auto & nested_key_name = nested_keys_names[i - 1].safeGet<String &>();
                    Identifier nested_identifier = Identifier(nested_key_name);
                    array_join_resolved_expression = wrapExpressionNodeInTupleElement(array_join_column, nested_identifier, scope.context);
                    break;
--- a/src/Analyzer/Resolve/QueryAnalyzer.cpp
+++ b/src/Analyzer/Resolve/QueryAnalyzer.cpp
@ -748,11 +748,11 @@ void QueryAnalyzer::replaceNodesWithPositionalArguments(QueryTreeNodePtr & node_
        UInt64 pos;
        if (constant_node->getValue().getType() == Field::Types::UInt64)
        {
-            pos = constant_node->getValue().get<UInt64>();
+            pos = constant_node->getValue().safeGet<UInt64>();
        }
        else // Int64
        {
-            auto value = constant_node->getValue().get<Int64>();
+            auto value = constant_node->getValue().safeGet<Int64>();
            if (value > 0)
                pos = value;
            else
--- a/src/Analyzer/SetUtils.cpp
+++ b/src/Analyzer/SetUtils.cpp
@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ Block createBlockFromCollection(const Collection & collection, const DataTypes&
                "Invalid type in set. Expected tuple, got {}",
                value.getTypeName());

-        const auto & tuple = value.template get<const Tuple &>();
+        const auto & tuple = value.template safeGet<const Tuple &>();
        const DataTypePtr & value_type = value_types[collection_index];
        const DataTypes & tuple_value_type = typeid_cast<const DataTypeTuple *>(value_type.get())->getElements();

@ -175,15 +175,15 @@ Block getSetElementsForConstantValue(const DataTypePtr & expression_type, const
        if (rhs_which_type.isArray())
        {
            const DataTypeArray * value_array_type = assert_cast<const DataTypeArray *>(value_type.get());
-            size_t value_array_size = value.get<const Array &>().size();
+            size_t value_array_size = value.safeGet<const Array &>().size();
            DataTypes value_types(value_array_size, value_array_type->getNestedType());
-            result_block = createBlockFromCollection(value.get<const Array &>(), value_types, set_element_types, transform_null_in);
+            result_block = createBlockFromCollection(value.safeGet<const Array &>(), value_types, set_element_types, transform_null_in);
        }
        else if (rhs_which_type.isTuple())
        {
            const DataTypeTuple * value_tuple_type = assert_cast<const DataTypeTuple *>(value_type.get());
            const DataTypes & value_types = value_tuple_type->getElements();
-            result_block = createBlockFromCollection(value.get<const Tuple &>(), value_types, set_element_types, transform_null_in);
+            result_block = createBlockFromCollection(value.safeGet<const Tuple &>(), value_types, set_element_types, transform_null_in);
        }
        else
            throw Exception(ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_ARGUMENT,
--- a/src/Backups/BackupSettings.cpp
+++ b/src/Backups/BackupSettings.cpp
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ std::vector<Strings> BackupSettings::Util::clusterHostIDsFromAST(const IAST & as
                throw Exception(
                    ErrorCodes::CANNOT_PARSE_BACKUP_SETTINGS,
                    "Setting cluster_host_ids has wrong format, must be array of arrays of string literals");
-            const auto & replicas = array_of_replicas->value.get<const Array &>();
+            const auto & replicas = array_of_replicas->value.safeGet<const Array &>();
            res[i].resize(replicas.size());
            for (size_t j = 0; j != replicas.size(); ++j)
            {
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ std::vector<Strings> BackupSettings::Util::clusterHostIDsFromAST(const IAST & as
                    throw Exception(
                        ErrorCodes::CANNOT_PARSE_BACKUP_SETTINGS,
                        "Setting cluster_host_ids has wrong format, must be array of arrays of string literals");
-                res[i][j] = replica.get<const String &>();
+                res[i][j] = replica.safeGet<const String &>();
            }
        }
    }
--- a/src/Backups/BackupsWorker.cpp
+++ b/src/Backups/BackupsWorker.cpp
@ -490,6 +490,8 @@ OperationID BackupsWorker::startMakingBackup(const ASTPtr & query, const Context

            /// process_list_element_holder is used to make an element in ProcessList live while BACKUP is working asynchronously.
            auto process_list_element = context_in_use->getProcessListElement();
+            /// Update context to preserve query information in processlist (settings, current_database)
+            process_list_element->updateContext(context_in_use);

            thread_pool.scheduleOrThrowOnError(
                [this,
@ -853,6 +855,8 @@ OperationID BackupsWorker::startRestoring(const ASTPtr & query, ContextMutablePt

            /// process_list_element_holder is used to make an element in ProcessList live while RESTORE is working asynchronously.
            auto process_list_element = context_in_use->getProcessListElement();
+            /// Update context to preserve query information in processlist (settings, current_database)
+            process_list_element->updateContext(context_in_use);

            thread_pool.scheduleOrThrowOnError(
                [this,
--- a/src/Backups/DDLAdjustingForBackupVisitor.cpp
+++ b/src/Backups/DDLAdjustingForBackupVisitor.cpp
@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ namespace
        if (zookeeper_path_ast && (zookeeper_path_ast->value.getType() == Field::Types::String) &&
            replica_name_ast && (replica_name_ast->value.getType() == Field::Types::String))
        {
-            String & zookeeper_path_arg = zookeeper_path_ast->value.get<String>();
-            String & replica_name_arg = replica_name_ast->value.get<String>();
+            String & zookeeper_path_arg = zookeeper_path_ast->value.safeGet<String>();
+            String & replica_name_arg = replica_name_ast->value.safeGet<String>();
            if (create.uuid != UUIDHelpers::Nil)
            {
                String table_uuid_str = toString(create.uuid);
--- a/src/Backups/RestoreSettings.cpp
+++ b/src/Backups/RestoreSettings.cpp
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace
        {
            if (field.getType() == Field::Types::String)
            {
-                const String & str = field.get<const String &>();
+                const String & str = field.safeGet<const String &>();
                if (str == "1" || boost::iequals(str, "true") || boost::iequals(str, "create"))
                {
                    value = RestoreTableCreationMode::kCreate;
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ namespace

            if (field.getType() == Field::Types::UInt64)
            {
-                UInt64 number = field.get<UInt64>();
+                UInt64 number = field.safeGet<UInt64>();
                if (number == 1)
                {
                    value = RestoreTableCreationMode::kCreate;
@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ namespace
        {
            if (field.getType() == Field::Types::String)
            {
-                const String & str = field.get<const String &>();
+                const String & str = field.safeGet<const String &>();
                if (str == "1" || boost::iequals(str, "true") || boost::iequals(str, "create"))
                {
                    value = RestoreAccessCreationMode::kCreate;
@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ namespace

            if (field.getType() == Field::Types::UInt64)
            {
-                UInt64 number = field.get<UInt64>();
+                UInt64 number = field.safeGet<UInt64>();
                if (number == 1)
                {
                    value = RestoreAccessCreationMode::kCreate;
--- a/src/Backups/SettingsFieldOptionalString.cpp
+++ b/src/Backups/SettingsFieldOptionalString.cpp
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ SettingFieldOptionalString::SettingFieldOptionalString(const Field & field)

    if (field.getType() == Field::Types::String)
    {
-        value = field.get<const String &>();
+        value = field.safeGet<const String &>();
        return;
    }

--- a/src/Backups/SettingsFieldOptionalUUID.cpp
+++ b/src/Backups/SettingsFieldOptionalUUID.cpp
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace ErrorCodes

        if (field.getType() == Field::Types::String)
        {
-            const String & str = field.get<const String &>();
+            const String & str = field.safeGet<const String &>();
            if (str.empty())
            {
                value = std::nullopt;
--- a/src/Backups/WithRetries.cpp
+++ b/src/Backups/WithRetries.cpp
@ -68,13 +68,19 @@ const WithRetries::KeeperSettings & WithRetries::getKeeperSettings() const

 WithRetries::FaultyKeeper WithRetries::getFaultyZooKeeper() const
 {
-    /// We need to create new instance of ZooKeeperWithFaultInjection each time a copy a pointer to ZooKeeper client there
+    zkutil::ZooKeeperPtr current_zookeeper;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(zookeeper_mutex);
+        current_zookeeper = zookeeper;
+    }
+
+    /// We need to create new instance of ZooKeeperWithFaultInjection each time and copy a pointer to ZooKeeper client there
    /// The reason is that ZooKeeperWithFaultInjection may reset the underlying pointer and there could be a race condition
    /// when the same object is used from multiple threads.
    auto faulty_zookeeper = ZooKeeperWithFaultInjection::createInstance(
        settings.keeper_fault_injection_probability,
        settings.keeper_fault_injection_seed,
-        zookeeper,
+        current_zookeeper,
        log->name(),
        log);

--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@ -353,8 +353,8 @@ target_link_libraries(clickhouse_common_io
            Poco::Foundation
 )

-if (TARGET ch_contrib::fiu)
-    target_link_libraries(clickhouse_common_io PUBLIC ch_contrib::fiu)
+if (TARGET ch_contrib::libfiu)
+    target_link_libraries(clickhouse_common_io PUBLIC ch_contrib::libfiu)
 endif()

 if (TARGET ch_contrib::cpuid)
@ -556,14 +556,13 @@ target_link_libraries (clickhouse_common_io PRIVATE ch_contrib::lz4)

 if (TARGET ch_contrib::qpl)
    dbms_target_link_libraries(PUBLIC ch_contrib::qpl)
+    target_link_libraries (clickhouse_compression PUBLIC ch_contrib::qpl)
+    target_link_libraries (clickhouse_compression PUBLIC ch_contrib::accel-config)
 endif ()

-if (TARGET ch_contrib::accel-config)
-    dbms_target_link_libraries(PUBLIC ch_contrib::accel-config)
-endif ()
-
-if (TARGET ch_contrib::qatzstd_plugin)
+if (TARGET ch_contrib::accel-config AND TARGET ch_contrib::qatzstd_plugin)
    dbms_target_link_libraries(PUBLIC ch_contrib::qatzstd_plugin)
+    dbms_target_link_libraries(PUBLIC ch_contrib::accel-config)
    target_link_libraries(clickhouse_common_io PUBLIC ch_contrib::qatzstd_plugin)
 endif ()

--- a/src/Client/ClientApplicationBase.cpp
+++ b/src/Client/ClientApplicationBase.cpp
@ -200,8 +200,6 @@ void ClientApplicationBase::init(int argc, char ** argv)
        ("pager", po::value<std::string>(), "Pipe all output into this command (less or similar)")
        ("max_memory_usage_in_client", po::value<std::string>(), "Set memory limit in client/local server")

-        ("fuzzer-args", po::value<std::string>(), "Command line arguments for the LLVM's libFuzzer driver. Only relevant if the application is compiled with libFuzzer.")
-
        ("client_logs_file", po::value<std::string>(), "Path to a file for writing client logs. Currently we only have fatal logs (when the client crashes)")
    ;

--- a/src/Client/ClientBase.cpp
+++ b/src/Client/ClientBase.cpp
@ -477,6 +477,8 @@ void ClientBase::onProfileInfo(const ProfileInfo & profile_info)
 {
    if (profile_info.hasAppliedLimit() && output_format)
        output_format->setRowsBeforeLimit(profile_info.getRowsBeforeLimit());
+    if (profile_info.hasAppliedAggregation() && output_format)
+        output_format->setRowsBeforeAggregation(profile_info.getRowsBeforeAggregation());
 }


--- a/src/Client/ClientBase.h
+++ b/src/Client/ClientBase.h
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@


 #include <Client/Suggest.h>
-#include <Client/QueryFuzzer.h>
+#include <Common/QueryFuzzer.h>
 #include <Common/DNSResolver.h>
 #include <Common/InterruptListener.h>
 #include <Common/ProgressIndication.h>
--- a/src/Client/Connection.cpp
+++ b/src/Client/Connection.cpp
@ -1319,7 +1319,7 @@ Progress Connection::receiveProgress() const
 ProfileInfo Connection::receiveProfileInfo() const
 {
    ProfileInfo profile_info;
-    profile_info.read(*in);
+    profile_info.read(*in, server_revision);
    return profile_info;
 }

--- a/src/Client/LocalConnection.cpp
+++ b/src/Client/LocalConnection.cpp
@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ bool LocalConnection::poll(size_t)
        {
            while (pollImpl())
            {
-                LOG_DEBUG(&Poco::Logger::get("LocalConnection"), "Executor timeout encountered, will retry");
+                LOG_TEST(&Poco::Logger::get("LocalConnection"), "Executor timeout encountered, will retry");

                if (needSendProgressOrMetrics())
                    return true;
--- a/src/Client/Suggest.cpp
+++ b/src/Client/Suggest.cpp
@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ void Suggest::fillWordsFromBlock(const Block & block)
    Words new_words;
    new_words.reserve(rows);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < rows; ++i)
-        new_words.emplace_back(column[i].get<String>());
+        new_words.emplace_back(column[i].safeGet<String>());

    addWords(std::move(new_words));
 }
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnAggregateFunction.cpp
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnAggregateFunction.cpp
@ -457,9 +457,9 @@ MutableColumnPtr ColumnAggregateFunction::cloneEmpty() const
 Field ColumnAggregateFunction::operator[](size_t n) const
 {
    Field field = AggregateFunctionStateData();
-    field.get<AggregateFunctionStateData &>().name = type_string;
+    field.safeGet<AggregateFunctionStateData &>().name = type_string;
    {
-        WriteBufferFromString buffer(field.get<AggregateFunctionStateData &>().data);
+        WriteBufferFromString buffer(field.safeGet<AggregateFunctionStateData &>().data);
        func->serialize(data[n], buffer, version);
    }
    return field;
@ -467,12 +467,7 @@ Field ColumnAggregateFunction::operator[](size_t n) const

 void ColumnAggregateFunction::get(size_t n, Field & res) const
 {
-    res = AggregateFunctionStateData();
-    res.get<AggregateFunctionStateData &>().name = type_string;
-    {
-        WriteBufferFromString buffer(res.get<AggregateFunctionStateData &>().data);
-        func->serialize(data[n], buffer, version);
-    }
+    res = operator[](n);
 }

 StringRef ColumnAggregateFunction::getDataAt(size_t n) const
@ -552,7 +547,7 @@ void ColumnAggregateFunction::insert(const Field & x)
            "Inserting field of type {} into ColumnAggregateFunction. Expected {}",
            x.getTypeName(), Field::Types::AggregateFunctionState);

-    const auto & field_name = x.get<const AggregateFunctionStateData &>().name;
+    const auto & field_name = x.safeGet<const AggregateFunctionStateData &>().name;
    if (type_string != field_name)
        throw Exception(ErrorCodes::ILLEGAL_TYPE_OF_ARGUMENT, "Cannot insert filed with type {} into column with type {}",
                field_name, type_string);
@ -560,7 +555,7 @@ void ColumnAggregateFunction::insert(const Field & x)
    ensureOwnership();
    Arena & arena = createOrGetArena();
    pushBackAndCreateState(data, arena, func.get());
-    ReadBufferFromString read_buffer(x.get<const AggregateFunctionStateData &>().data);
+    ReadBufferFromString read_buffer(x.safeGet<const AggregateFunctionStateData &>().data);
    func->deserialize(data.back(), read_buffer, version, &arena);
 }

@ -569,14 +564,14 @@ bool ColumnAggregateFunction::tryInsert(const DB::Field & x)
    if (x.getType() != Field::Types::AggregateFunctionState)
        return false;

-    const auto & field_name = x.get<const AggregateFunctionStateData &>().name;
+    const auto & field_name = x.safeGet<const AggregateFunctionStateData &>().name;
    if (type_string != field_name)
        return false;

    ensureOwnership();
    Arena & arena = createOrGetArena();
    pushBackAndCreateState(data, arena, func.get());
-    ReadBufferFromString read_buffer(x.get<const AggregateFunctionStateData &>().data);
+    ReadBufferFromString read_buffer(x.safeGet<const AggregateFunctionStateData &>().data);
    func->deserialize(data.back(), read_buffer, version, &arena);
    return true;
 }
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnArray.cpp
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnArray.cpp
@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ void ColumnArray::get(size_t n, Field & res) const
            size, max_array_size_as_field);

    res = Array();
-    Array & res_arr = res.get<Array &>();
+    Array & res_arr = res.safeGet<Array &>();
    res_arr.reserve(size);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ void ColumnArray::updateHashFast(SipHash & hash) const

 void ColumnArray::insert(const Field & x)
 {
-    const Array & array = x.get<const Array &>();
+    const Array & array = x.safeGet<const Array &>();
    size_t size = array.size();
    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        getData().insert(array[i]);
@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ bool ColumnArray::tryInsert(const Field & x)
    if (x.getType() != Field::Types::Which::Array)
        return false;

-    const Array & array = x.get<const Array &>();
+    const Array & array = x.safeGet<const Array &>();
    size_t size = array.size();
    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
    {
@ -452,6 +452,22 @@ void ColumnArray::reserve(size_t n)
    getData().reserve(n); /// The average size of arrays is not taken into account here. Or it is considered to be no more than 1.
 }

+void ColumnArray::prepareForSquashing(const Columns & source_columns)
+{
+    size_t new_size = size();
+    Columns source_data_columns;
+    source_data_columns.reserve(source_columns.size());
+    for (const auto & source_column : source_columns)
+    {
+        const auto & source_array_column = assert_cast<const ColumnArray &>(*source_column);
+        new_size += source_array_column.size();
+        source_data_columns.push_back(source_array_column.getDataPtr());
+    }
+
+    getOffsets().reserve_exact(new_size);
+    data->prepareForSquashing(source_data_columns);
+}
+
 void ColumnArray::shrinkToFit()
 {
    getOffsets().shrink_to_fit();
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnArray.h
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnArray.h
@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ public:
    void updatePermutationWithCollation(const Collator & collator, PermutationSortDirection direction, PermutationSortStability stability,
                                    size_t limit, int nan_direction_hint, Permutation & res, EqualRanges& equal_ranges) const override;
    void reserve(size_t n) override;
+    void prepareForSquashing(const Columns & source_columns) override;
    void shrinkToFit() override;
    void ensureOwnership() override;
    size_t byteSize() const override;
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnDecimal.h
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnDecimal.h
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public:
    void insertData(const char * src, size_t /*length*/) override;
    void insertDefault() override { data.push_back(T()); }
    void insertManyDefaults(size_t length) override { data.resize_fill(data.size() + length); }
-    void insert(const Field & x) override { data.push_back(x.get<T>()); }
+    void insert(const Field & x) override { data.push_back(x.safeGet<T>()); }
    bool tryInsert(const Field & x) override;
 #if !defined(DEBUG_OR_SANITIZER_BUILD)
    void insertRangeFrom(const IColumn & src, size_t start, size_t length) override;
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnDynamic.cpp
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnDynamic.cpp
@ -643,6 +643,116 @@ ColumnPtr ColumnDynamic::compress() const
        });
 }

+void ColumnDynamic::prepareForSquashing(const Columns & source_columns)
+{
+    if (source_columns.empty())
+        return;
+
+    /// Internal variants of source dynamic columns may differ.
+    /// We want to preallocate memory for all variants we will have after squashing.
+    /// It may happen that the total number of variants in source columns will
+    /// exceed the limit, in this case we will choose the most frequent variants.
+
+    /// First, preallocate memory for variant discriminators and offsets.
+    size_t new_size = size();
+    for (const auto & source_column : source_columns)
+        new_size += source_column->size();
+    auto & variant_col = getVariantColumn();
+    variant_col.getLocalDiscriminators().reserve_exact(new_size);
+    variant_col.getOffsets().reserve_exact(new_size);
+
+    /// Second, collect all variants and their total sizes.
+    std::unordered_map<String, size_t> total_variant_sizes;
+    DataTypes all_variants;
+
+    auto add_variants = [&](const ColumnDynamic & source_dynamic)
+    {
+        const auto & source_variant_column = source_dynamic.getVariantColumn();
+        const auto & source_variant_info = source_dynamic.getVariantInfo();
+        const auto & source_variants = assert_cast<const DataTypeVariant &>(*source_variant_info.variant_type).getVariants();
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i != source_variants.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            const auto & variant_name = source_variant_info.variant_names[i];
+            auto it = total_variant_sizes.find(variant_name);
+            /// Add this variant to the list of all variants if we didn't see it yet.
+            if (it == total_variant_sizes.end())
+            {
+                all_variants.push_back(source_variants[i]);
+                it = total_variant_sizes.emplace(variant_name, 0).first;
+            }
+
+            it->second += source_variant_column.getVariantByGlobalDiscriminator(i).size();
+        }
+    };
+
+    for (const auto & source_column : source_columns)
+        add_variants(assert_cast<const ColumnDynamic &>(*source_column));
+
+    /// Add variants from this dynamic column.
+    add_variants(*this);
+
+    DataTypePtr result_variant_type;
+    /// Check if the number of all variants exceeds the limit.
+    if (all_variants.size() > max_dynamic_types || (all_variants.size() == max_dynamic_types && !total_variant_sizes.contains("String")))
+    {
+        /// We want to keep the most frequent variants in the resulting dynamic column.
+        DataTypes result_variants;
+        result_variants.reserve(max_dynamic_types);
+        /// Add variants from current variant column as we will not rewrite it.
+        for (const auto & variant : assert_cast<const DataTypeVariant &>(*variant_info.variant_type).getVariants())
+            result_variants.push_back(variant);
+        /// Add String variant in advance (if we didn't add it yet) as we must have it across variants when we reach the limit.
+        if (!variant_info.variant_name_to_discriminator.contains("String"))
+            result_variants.push_back(std::make_shared<DataTypeString>());
+
+        /// Create list of remaining variants with their sizes and sort it.
+        std::vector<std::pair<size_t, DataTypePtr>> variants_with_sizes;
+        variants_with_sizes.reserve(all_variants.size() - variant_info.variant_names.size());
+        for (const auto & variant : all_variants)
+        {
+            /// Add variant to the list only of we didn't add it yet.
+            auto variant_name = variant->getName();
+            if (variant_name != "String" && !variant_info.variant_name_to_discriminator.contains(variant_name))
+                variants_with_sizes.emplace_back(total_variant_sizes[variant->getName()], variant);
+        }
+
+        std::sort(variants_with_sizes.begin(), variants_with_sizes.end(), std::greater());
+        /// Add the most frequent variants until we reach max_dynamic_types.
+        size_t num_new_variants = max_dynamic_types - result_variants.size();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i != num_new_variants; ++i)
+            result_variants.push_back(variants_with_sizes[i].second);
+
+        result_variant_type = std::make_shared<DataTypeVariant>(result_variants);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result_variant_type = std::make_shared<DataTypeVariant>(all_variants);
+    }
+
+    if (!result_variant_type->equals(*variant_info.variant_type))
+        updateVariantInfoAndExpandVariantColumn(result_variant_type);
+
+    /// Now current dynamic column has all resulting variants and we can call
+    /// prepareForSquashing on them to preallocate the memory.
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != variant_info.variant_names.size(); ++i)
+    {
+        Columns source_variant_columns;
+        source_variant_columns.reserve(source_columns.size());
+        for (const auto & source_column : source_columns)
+        {
+            const auto & source_dynamic_column = assert_cast<const ColumnDynamic &>(*source_column);
+            const auto & source_variant_info = source_dynamic_column.getVariantInfo();
+            /// Try to find this variant in the current source column.
+            auto it = source_variant_info.variant_name_to_discriminator.find(variant_info.variant_names[i]);
+            if (it != source_variant_info.variant_name_to_discriminator.end())
+                source_variant_columns.push_back(source_dynamic_column.getVariantColumn().getVariantPtrByGlobalDiscriminator(it->second));
+        }
+
+        variant_col.getVariantByGlobalDiscriminator(i).prepareForSquashing(source_variant_columns);
+    }
+}
+
 void ColumnDynamic::takeDynamicStructureFromSourceColumns(const Columns & source_columns)
 {
    if (!empty())
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnDynamic.h
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnDynamic.h
@ -254,6 +254,8 @@ public:
        variant_column->reserve(n);
    }

+    void prepareForSquashing(const Columns & source_columns) override;
+
    void ensureOwnership() override
    {
        variant_column->ensureOwnership();
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnFixedString.cpp
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnFixedString.cpp
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ bool ColumnFixedString::isDefaultAt(size_t index) const

 void ColumnFixedString::insert(const Field & x)
 {
-    const String & s = x.get<const String &>();
+    const String & s = x.safeGet<const String &>();
    insertData(s.data(), s.size());
 }

@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ bool ColumnFixedString::tryInsert(const Field & x)
 {
    if (x.getType() != Field::Types::Which::String)
        return false;
-    const String & s = x.get<const String &>();
+    const String & s = x.safeGet<const String &>();
    if (s.size() > n)
        return false;
    insertData(s.data(), s.size());
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnMap.cpp
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnMap.cpp
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ void ColumnMap::get(size_t n, Field & res) const
    size_t size = offsets[n] - offsets[n - 1];

    res = Map();
-    auto & map = res.get<Map &>();
+    auto & map = res.safeGet<Map &>();
    map.reserve(size);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ void ColumnMap::insertData(const char *, size_t)

 void ColumnMap::insert(const Field & x)
 {
-    const auto & map = x.get<const Map &>();
+    const auto & map = x.safeGet<const Map &>();
    nested->insert(Array(map.begin(), map.end()));
 }

@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ bool ColumnMap::tryInsert(const Field & x)
    if (x.getType() != Field::Types::Which::Map)
        return false;

-    const auto & map = x.get<const Map &>();
+    const auto & map = x.safeGet<const Map &>();
    return nested->tryInsert(Array(map.begin(), map.end()));
 }

@ -249,6 +249,15 @@ void ColumnMap::reserve(size_t n)
    nested->reserve(n);
 }

+void ColumnMap::prepareForSquashing(const Columns & source_columns)
+{
+    Columns nested_source_columns;
+    nested_source_columns.reserve(source_columns.size());
+    for (const auto & source_column : source_columns)
+        nested_source_columns.push_back(assert_cast<const ColumnMap &>(*source_column).getNestedColumnPtr());
+    nested->prepareForSquashing(nested_source_columns);
+}
+
 void ColumnMap::shrinkToFit()
 {
    nested->shrinkToFit();
@ -288,8 +297,8 @@ void ColumnMap::getExtremes(Field & min, Field & max) const

    /// Convert result Array fields to Map fields because client expect min and max field to have type Map

-    Array nested_min_value = nested_min.get<Array>();
-    Array nested_max_value = nested_max.get<Array>();
+    Array nested_min_value = nested_min.safeGet<Array>();
+    Array nested_max_value = nested_max.safeGet<Array>();

    Map map_min_value(nested_min_value.begin(), nested_min_value.end());
    Map map_max_value(nested_max_value.begin(), nested_max_value.end());
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnMap.h
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnMap.h
@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ public:
    void updatePermutation(IColumn::PermutationSortDirection direction, IColumn::PermutationSortStability stability,
                        size_t limit, int nan_direction_hint, IColumn::Permutation & res, EqualRanges & equal_ranges) const override;
    void reserve(size_t n) override;
+    void prepareForSquashing(const Columns & source_columns) override;
    void shrinkToFit() override;
    void ensureOwnership() override;
    size_t byteSize() const override;
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnNullable.cpp
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnNullable.cpp
@ -706,6 +706,22 @@ void ColumnNullable::reserve(size_t n)
    getNullMapData().reserve(n);
 }

+void ColumnNullable::prepareForSquashing(const Columns & source_columns)
+{
+    size_t new_size = size();
+    Columns nested_source_columns;
+    nested_source_columns.reserve(source_columns.size());
+    for (const auto & source_column : source_columns)
+    {
+        const auto & source_nullable_column = assert_cast<const ColumnNullable &>(*source_column);
+        new_size += source_nullable_column.size();
+        nested_source_columns.push_back(source_nullable_column.getNestedColumnPtr());
+    }
+
+    nested_column->prepareForSquashing(nested_source_columns);
+    getNullMapData().reserve(new_size);
+}
+
 void ColumnNullable::shrinkToFit()
 {
    getNestedColumn().shrinkToFit();
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnNullable.h
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnNullable.h
@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ public:
                        size_t limit, int null_direction_hint, Permutation & res, EqualRanges& equal_ranges) const override;
    size_t estimateCardinalityInPermutedRange(const Permutation & permutation, const EqualRange & equal_range) const override;
    void reserve(size_t n) override;
+    void prepareForSquashing(const Columns & source_columns) override;
    void shrinkToFit() override;
    void ensureOwnership() override;
    size_t byteSize() const override;
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnObject.cpp
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnObject.cpp
@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ void ColumnObject::forEachSubcolumnRecursively(RecursiveMutableColumnCallback ca

 void ColumnObject::insert(const Field & field)
 {
-    const auto & object = field.get<const Object &>();
+    const auto & object = field.safeGet<const Object &>();

    HashSet<StringRef, StringRefHash> inserted_paths;
    size_t old_size = size();
@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ void ColumnObject::get(size_t n, Field & res) const
 {
    assert(n < size());
    res = Object();
-    auto & object = res.get<Object &>();
+    auto & object = res.safeGet<Object &>();

    for (const auto & entry : subcolumns)
    {
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnString.cpp
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnString.cpp
@ -557,6 +557,21 @@ void ColumnString::reserve(size_t n)
    offsets.reserve_exact(n);
 }

+void ColumnString::prepareForSquashing(const Columns & source_columns)
+{
+    size_t new_size = size();
+    size_t new_chars_size = chars.size();
+    for (const auto & source_column : source_columns)
+    {
+        const auto & source_string_column = assert_cast<const ColumnString &>(*source_column);
+        new_size += source_string_column.size();
+        new_chars_size += source_string_column.chars.size();
+    }
+
+    offsets.reserve_exact(new_size);
+    chars.reserve_exact(new_chars_size);
+}
+
 void ColumnString::shrinkToFit()
 {
    chars.shrink_to_fit();
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnString.h
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnString.h
@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ public:

    void insert(const Field & x) override
    {
-        const String & s = x.get<const String &>();
+        const String & s = x.safeGet<const String &>();
        const size_t old_size = chars.size();
        const size_t size_to_append = s.size() + 1;
        const size_t new_size = old_size + size_to_append;
@ -283,6 +283,7 @@ public:
    ColumnPtr compress() const override;

    void reserve(size_t n) override;
+    void prepareForSquashing(const Columns & source_columns) override;
    void shrinkToFit() override;

    void getExtremes(Field & min, Field & max) const override;
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnTuple.cpp
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnTuple.cpp
@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ void ColumnTuple::get(size_t n, Field & res) const
    const size_t tuple_size = columns.size();

    res = Tuple();
-    Tuple & res_tuple = res.get<Tuple &>();
+    Tuple & res_tuple = res.safeGet<Tuple &>();
    res_tuple.reserve(tuple_size);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < tuple_size; ++i)
@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ void ColumnTuple::insertData(const char *, size_t)

 void ColumnTuple::insert(const Field & x)
 {
-    const auto & tuple = x.get<const Tuple &>();
+    const auto & tuple = x.safeGet<const Tuple &>();

    const size_t tuple_size = columns.size();
    if (tuple.size() != tuple_size)
@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ bool ColumnTuple::tryInsert(const Field & x)
    if (x.getType() != Field::Types::Which::Tuple)
        return false;

-    const auto & tuple = x.get<const Tuple &>();
+    const auto & tuple = x.safeGet<const Tuple &>();

    const size_t tuple_size = columns.size();
    if (tuple.size() != tuple_size)
@ -595,6 +595,19 @@ void ColumnTuple::reserve(size_t n)
        getColumn(i).reserve(n);
 }

+void ColumnTuple::prepareForSquashing(const Columns & source_columns)
+{
+    const size_t tuple_size = columns.size();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < tuple_size; ++i)
+    {
+        Columns nested_columns;
+        nested_columns.reserve(source_columns.size());
+        for (const auto & source_column : source_columns)
+            nested_columns.push_back(assert_cast<const ColumnTuple &>(*source_column).getColumnPtr(i));
+        getColumn(i).prepareForSquashing(nested_columns);
+    }
+}
+
 void ColumnTuple::shrinkToFit()
 {
    const size_t tuple_size = columns.size();
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnTuple.h
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnTuple.h
@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ public:
    void updatePermutationWithCollation(const Collator & collator, IColumn::PermutationSortDirection direction, IColumn::PermutationSortStability stability,
                    size_t limit, int nan_direction_hint, IColumn::Permutation & res, EqualRanges& equal_ranges) const override;
    void reserve(size_t n) override;
+    void prepareForSquashing(const Columns & source_columns) override;
    void shrinkToFit() override;
    void ensureOwnership() override;
    size_t byteSize() const override;
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnVariant.cpp
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnVariant.cpp
@ -1247,8 +1247,25 @@ void ColumnVariant::updatePermutation(IColumn::PermutationSortDirection directio

 void ColumnVariant::reserve(size_t n)
 {
-    local_discriminators->reserve(n);
-    offsets->reserve(n);
+    getLocalDiscriminators().reserve_exact(n);
+    getOffsets().reserve_exact(n);
+}
+
+void ColumnVariant::prepareForSquashing(const Columns & source_columns)
+{
+    size_t new_size = size();
+    for (const auto & source_column : source_columns)
+        new_size += source_column->size();
+    reserve(new_size);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != variants.size(); ++i)
+    {
+        Columns source_variant_columns;
+        source_variant_columns.reserve(source_columns.size());
+        for (const auto & source_column : source_columns)
+            source_variant_columns.push_back(assert_cast<const ColumnVariant &>(*source_column).getVariantPtrByGlobalDiscriminator(i));
+        getVariantByGlobalDiscriminator(i).prepareForSquashing(source_variant_columns);
+    }
 }

 void ColumnVariant::ensureOwnership()
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnVariant.h
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnVariant.h
@ -237,6 +237,7 @@ public:
                           size_t limit, int nan_direction_hint, IColumn::Permutation & res, EqualRanges & equal_ranges) const override;

    void reserve(size_t n) override;
+    void prepareForSquashing(const Columns & source_columns) override;
    void ensureOwnership() override;
    size_t byteSize() const override;
    size_t byteSizeAt(size_t n) const override;
--- a/src/Columns/ColumnVector.h
+++ b/src/Columns/ColumnVector.h
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ public:

    void insertMany(const Field & field, size_t length) override
    {
-        data.resize_fill(data.size() + length, static_cast<T>(field.get<T>()));
+        data.resize_fill(data.size() + length, static_cast<T>(field.safeGet<T>()));
    }

    void insertData(const char * pos, size_t) override
@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ public:

    void insert(const Field & x) override
    {
-        data.push_back(static_cast<T>(x.get<T>()));
+        data.push_back(static_cast<T>(x.safeGet<T>()));
    }

    bool tryInsert(const DB::Field & x) override;
--- a/src/Columns/IColumn.h
+++ b/src/Columns/IColumn.h
@ -475,6 +475,15 @@ public:
    /// It affects performance only (not correctness).
    virtual void reserve(size_t /*n*/) {}

+    /// Reserve memory before squashing all specified source columns into this column.
+    virtual void prepareForSquashing(const std::vector<Ptr> & source_columns)
+    {
+        size_t new_size = size();
+        for (const auto & source_column : source_columns)
+            new_size += source_column->size();
+        reserve(new_size);
+    }
+
    /// Requests the removal of unused capacity.
    /// It is a non-binding request to reduce the capacity of the underlying container to its size.
    virtual void shrinkToFit() {}
--- a/src/Columns/tests/gtest_column_variant.cpp
+++ b/src/Columns/tests/gtest_column_variant.cpp
@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ void checkColumnVariant1(ColumnVariant * column)
    ASSERT_EQ(offsets[1], 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(offsets[3], 1);
    ASSERT_TRUE(column->isDefaultAt(2) && column->isDefaultAt(4));
-    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[0].get<UInt32>(), 42);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[1].get<String>(), "Hello");
+    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[0].safeGet<UInt32>(), 42);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[1].safeGet<String>(), "Hello");
    ASSERT_TRUE((*column)[2].isNull());
-    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[3].get<String>(), "World");
+    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[3].safeGet<String>(), "World");
    ASSERT_TRUE((*column)[4].isNull());
 }

@ -209,9 +209,9 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, CreateFromDiscriminatorsAndOneFullColumnNoNulls)
    ASSERT_EQ(offsets[0], 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(offsets[1], 1);
    ASSERT_EQ(offsets[2], 2);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[0].get<UInt64>(), 0);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[1].get<UInt64>(), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[2].get<UInt64>(), 2);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[0].safeGet<UInt64>(), 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[1].safeGet<UInt64>(), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[2].safeGet<UInt64>(), 2);
 }

 TEST(ColumnVariant, CreateFromDiscriminatorsAndOneFullColumnNoNullsWithLocalOrder)
@ -222,9 +222,9 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, CreateFromDiscriminatorsAndOneFullColumnNoNullsWithLocalOrde
    ASSERT_EQ(offsets[0], 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(offsets[1], 1);
    ASSERT_EQ(offsets[2], 2);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[0].get<UInt64>(), 0);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[1].get<UInt64>(), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[2].get<UInt64>(), 2);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[0].safeGet<UInt64>(), 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[1].safeGet<UInt64>(), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[2].safeGet<UInt64>(), 2);
    ASSERT_EQ(column->localDiscriminatorAt(0), 2);
    ASSERT_EQ(column->localDiscriminatorAt(1), 2);
    ASSERT_EQ(column->localDiscriminatorAt(2), 2);
@ -331,9 +331,9 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, CloneResizedGeneral1)
    ASSERT_EQ(offsets[0], 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(offsets[1], 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(offsets[3], 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*resized_column_variant)[0].get<UInt64>(), 42);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*resized_column_variant)[1].get<String>(), "Hello");
-    ASSERT_EQ((*resized_column_variant)[3].get<UInt64>(), 43);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*resized_column_variant)[0].safeGet<UInt64>(), 42);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*resized_column_variant)[1].safeGet<String>(), "Hello");
+    ASSERT_EQ((*resized_column_variant)[3].safeGet<UInt64>(), 43);
 }

 TEST(ColumnVariant, CloneResizedGeneral2)
@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, CloneResizedGeneral2)
    ASSERT_EQ(discriminators[2], ColumnVariant::NULL_DISCRIMINATOR);
    const auto & offsets = resized_column_variant->getOffsets();
    ASSERT_EQ(offsets[0], 0);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*resized_column_variant)[0].get<UInt64>(), 42);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*resized_column_variant)[0].safeGet<UInt64>(), 42);
 }

 TEST(ColumnVariant, CloneResizedGeneral3)
@ -405,10 +405,10 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, CloneResizedGeneral3)
    ASSERT_EQ(offsets[1], 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(offsets[2], 1);
    ASSERT_EQ(offsets[3], 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*resized_column_variant)[0].get<UInt64>(), 42);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*resized_column_variant)[1].get<String>(), "Hello");
-    ASSERT_EQ((*resized_column_variant)[2].get<String>(), "World");
-    ASSERT_EQ((*resized_column_variant)[3].get<UInt64>(), 43);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*resized_column_variant)[0].safeGet<UInt64>(), 42);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*resized_column_variant)[1].safeGet<String>(), "Hello");
+    ASSERT_EQ((*resized_column_variant)[2].safeGet<String>(), "World");
+    ASSERT_EQ((*resized_column_variant)[3].safeGet<UInt64>(), 43);
 }

 MutableColumnPtr createDiscriminators2()
@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, InsertFrom)
        auto column_from = createVariantColumn2(change_order);
        column_to->insertFrom(*column_from, 3);
        ASSERT_EQ(column_to->globalDiscriminatorAt(5), 0);
-        ASSERT_EQ((*column_to)[5].get<UInt64>(), 43);
+        ASSERT_EQ((*column_to)[5].safeGet<UInt64>(), 43);
    }
 }

@ -478,8 +478,8 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, InsertRangeFromOneColumnNoNulls)
        column_to->insertRangeFrom(*column_from, 2, 2);
        ASSERT_EQ(column_to->globalDiscriminatorAt(7), 0);
        ASSERT_EQ(column_to->globalDiscriminatorAt(8), 0);
-        ASSERT_EQ((*column_to)[7].get<UInt64>(), 2);
-        ASSERT_EQ((*column_to)[8].get<UInt64>(), 3);
+        ASSERT_EQ((*column_to)[7].safeGet<UInt64>(), 2);
+        ASSERT_EQ((*column_to)[8].safeGet<UInt64>(), 3);
    }
 }

@ -494,9 +494,9 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, InsertRangeFromGeneral)
        ASSERT_EQ(column_to->globalDiscriminatorAt(6), ColumnVariant::NULL_DISCRIMINATOR);
        ASSERT_EQ(column_to->globalDiscriminatorAt(7), 0);
        ASSERT_EQ(column_to->globalDiscriminatorAt(8), 1);
-        ASSERT_EQ((*column_to)[5].get<String>(), "Hello");
-        ASSERT_EQ((*column_to)[7].get<UInt64>(), 43);
-        ASSERT_EQ((*column_to)[8].get<String>(), "World");
+        ASSERT_EQ((*column_to)[5].safeGet<String>(), "Hello");
+        ASSERT_EQ((*column_to)[7].safeGet<UInt64>(), 43);
+        ASSERT_EQ((*column_to)[8].safeGet<String>(), "World");
    }
 }

@ -509,8 +509,8 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, InsertManyFrom)
        column_to->insertManyFrom(*column_from, 3, 2);
        ASSERT_EQ(column_to->globalDiscriminatorAt(5), 0);
        ASSERT_EQ(column_to->globalDiscriminatorAt(6), 0);
-        ASSERT_EQ((*column_to)[5].get<UInt64>(), 43);
-        ASSERT_EQ((*column_to)[6].get<UInt64>(), 43);
+        ASSERT_EQ((*column_to)[5].safeGet<UInt64>(), 43);
+        ASSERT_EQ((*column_to)[6].safeGet<UInt64>(), 43);
    }
 }

@ -520,8 +520,8 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, PopBackOneColumnNoNulls)
    column->popBack(3);
    ASSERT_EQ(column->size(), 2);
    ASSERT_EQ(column->getVariantByLocalDiscriminator(0).size(), 2);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[0].get<UInt64>(), 0);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[1].get<UInt64>(), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[0].safeGet<UInt64>(), 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[1].safeGet<UInt64>(), 1);
 }

 TEST(ColumnVariant, PopBackGeneral)
@ -531,8 +531,8 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, PopBackGeneral)
    ASSERT_EQ(column->size(), 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(column->getVariantByLocalDiscriminator(0).size(), 1);
    ASSERT_EQ(column->getVariantByLocalDiscriminator(1).size(), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[0].get<UInt64>(), 42);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[1].get<String>(), "Hello");
+    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[0].safeGet<UInt64>(), 42);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*column)[1].safeGet<String>(), "Hello");
    ASSERT_TRUE((*column)[2].isNull());
 }

@ -545,8 +545,8 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, FilterOneColumnNoNulls)
    filter.push_back(1);
    auto filtered_column = column->filter(filter, -1);
    ASSERT_EQ(filtered_column->size(), 2);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*filtered_column)[0].get<UInt64>(), 0);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*filtered_column)[1].get<UInt64>(), 2);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*filtered_column)[0].safeGet<UInt64>(), 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*filtered_column)[1].safeGet<UInt64>(), 2);
 }

 TEST(ColumnVariant, FilterGeneral)
@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, FilterGeneral)
    filter.push_back(0);
    auto filtered_column = column->filter(filter, -1);
    ASSERT_EQ(filtered_column->size(), 3);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*filtered_column)[0].get<String>(), "Hello");
+    ASSERT_EQ((*filtered_column)[0].safeGet<String>(), "Hello");
    ASSERT_TRUE((*filtered_column)[1].isNull());
    ASSERT_TRUE((*filtered_column)[2].isNull());
 }
@ -577,9 +577,9 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, PermuteAndIndexOneColumnNoNulls)
    permutation.push_back(0);
    auto permuted_column = column->permute(permutation, 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(permuted_column->size(), 3);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*permuted_column)[0].get<UInt64>(), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*permuted_column)[1].get<UInt64>(), 3);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*permuted_column)[2].get<UInt64>(), 2);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*permuted_column)[0].safeGet<UInt64>(), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*permuted_column)[1].safeGet<UInt64>(), 3);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*permuted_column)[2].safeGet<UInt64>(), 2);

    auto index = ColumnUInt64::create();
    index->getData().push_back(1);
@ -588,9 +588,9 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, PermuteAndIndexOneColumnNoNulls)
    index->getData().push_back(0);
    auto indexed_column = column->index(*index, 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(indexed_column->size(), 3);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*indexed_column)[0].get<UInt64>(), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*indexed_column)[1].get<UInt64>(), 3);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*indexed_column)[2].get<UInt64>(), 2);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*indexed_column)[0].safeGet<UInt64>(), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*indexed_column)[1].safeGet<UInt64>(), 3);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*indexed_column)[2].safeGet<UInt64>(), 2);
 }

 TEST(ColumnVariant, PermuteGeneral)
@ -603,9 +603,9 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, PermuteGeneral)
    permutation.push_back(5);
    auto permuted_column = column->permute(permutation, 4);
    ASSERT_EQ(permuted_column->size(), 4);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*permuted_column)[0].get<UInt64>(), 43);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*permuted_column)[1].get<String>(), "World");
-    ASSERT_EQ((*permuted_column)[2].get<String>(), "Hello");
+    ASSERT_EQ((*permuted_column)[0].safeGet<UInt64>(), 43);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*permuted_column)[1].safeGet<String>(), "World");
+    ASSERT_EQ((*permuted_column)[2].safeGet<String>(), "Hello");
    ASSERT_TRUE((*permuted_column)[3].isNull());
 }

@ -618,12 +618,12 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, ReplicateOneColumnNoNull)
    offsets.push_back(6);
    auto replicated_column = column->replicate(offsets);
    ASSERT_EQ(replicated_column->size(), 6);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[0].get<UInt64>(), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[1].get<UInt64>(), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[2].get<UInt64>(), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[3].get<UInt64>(), 2);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[4].get<UInt64>(), 2);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[5].get<UInt64>(), 2);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[0].safeGet<UInt64>(), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[1].safeGet<UInt64>(), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[2].safeGet<UInt64>(), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[3].safeGet<UInt64>(), 2);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[4].safeGet<UInt64>(), 2);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[5].safeGet<UInt64>(), 2);
 }

 TEST(ColumnVariant, ReplicateGeneral)
@ -637,9 +637,9 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, ReplicateGeneral)
    offsets.push_back(7);
    auto replicated_column = column->replicate(offsets);
    ASSERT_EQ(replicated_column->size(), 7);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[0].get<UInt64>(), 42);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[1].get<String>(), "Hello");
-    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[2].get<String>(), "Hello");
+    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[0].safeGet<UInt64>(), 42);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[1].safeGet<String>(), "Hello");
+    ASSERT_EQ((*replicated_column)[2].safeGet<String>(), "Hello");
    ASSERT_TRUE((*replicated_column)[3].isNull());
    ASSERT_TRUE((*replicated_column)[4].isNull());
    ASSERT_TRUE((*replicated_column)[5].isNull());
@ -657,13 +657,13 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, ScatterOneColumnNoNulls)
    selector.push_back(1);
    auto columns = column->scatter(3, selector);
    ASSERT_EQ(columns[0]->size(), 2);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[0])[0].get<UInt64>(), 0);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[0])[1].get<UInt64>(), 3);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[0])[0].safeGet<UInt64>(), 0);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[0])[1].safeGet<UInt64>(), 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(columns[1]->size(), 2);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[1])[0].get<UInt64>(), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[1])[1].get<UInt64>(), 4);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[1])[0].safeGet<UInt64>(), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[1])[1].safeGet<UInt64>(), 4);
    ASSERT_EQ(columns[2]->size(), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[2])[0].get<UInt64>(), 2);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[2])[0].safeGet<UInt64>(), 2);
 }

 TEST(ColumnVariant, ScatterGeneral)
@ -680,12 +680,12 @@ TEST(ColumnVariant, ScatterGeneral)

    auto columns = column->scatter(3, selector);
    ASSERT_EQ(columns[0]->size(), 3);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[0])[0].get<UInt64>(), 42);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[0])[1].get<String>(), "Hello");
-    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[0])[2].get<UInt64>(), 43);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[0])[0].safeGet<UInt64>(), 42);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[0])[1].safeGet<String>(), "Hello");
+    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[0])[2].safeGet<UInt64>(), 43);
    ASSERT_EQ(columns[1]->size(), 2);
-    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[1])[0].get<String>(), "World");
-    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[1])[1].get<UInt64>(), 44);
+    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[1])[0].safeGet<String>(), "World");
+    ASSERT_EQ((*columns[1])[1].safeGet<UInt64>(), 44);
    ASSERT_EQ(columns[2]->size(), 2);
    ASSERT_TRUE((*columns[2])[0].isNull());
    ASSERT_TRUE((*columns[2])[1].isNull());
--- a/src/Columns/tests/gtest_low_cardinality.cpp
+++ b/src/Columns/tests/gtest_low_cardinality.cpp
@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ void testLowCardinalityNumberInsert(const DataTypePtr & data_type)

    Field value;
    column->get(0, value);
-    ASSERT_EQ(value.get<T>(), 15);
+    ASSERT_EQ(value.safeGet<T>(), 15);

    column->get(1, value);
-    ASSERT_EQ(value.get<T>(), 20);
+    ASSERT_EQ(value.safeGet<T>(), 20);

    column->get(2, value);
-    ASSERT_EQ(value.get<T>(), 25);
+    ASSERT_EQ(value.safeGet<T>(), 25);
 }

 TEST(ColumnLowCardinality, Insert)
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
				`@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`../../../tests/config/config.d/transactions.xml`