SELECT id FROM ( SELECT 1 AS id UNION ALL SELECT NULL UNION ALL SELECT NULL ) ALL FULL OUTER JOIN ( SELECT 1 AS id UNION ALL SELECT NULL UNION ALL SELECT NULL ) USING (id) ORDER BY id; SELECT '---'; SELECT * FROM ( SELECT NULL AS x ) INNER JOIN ( SELECT NULL AS x ) USING (x); SELECT '---'; SELECT * FROM ( SELECT NULL AS x ) FULL OUTER JOIN ( SELECT NULL AS x ) USING (x);