---
slug: /en/sql-reference/window-functions/
sidebar_position: 62
sidebar_label: Window Functions
title: Window Functions
---

ClickHouse supports the standard grammar for defining windows and window functions. The following features are currently supported:

| Feature                                                                            | Support or workaround                                                                                                                                                                       |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| ad hoc window specification (`count(*) over (partition by id order by time desc)`) | supported                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| expressions involving window functions, e.g. `(count(*) over ()) / 2)`             | supported                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| `WINDOW` clause (`select ... from table window w as (partition by id)`)            | supported                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| `ROWS` frame                                                                       | supported                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| `RANGE` frame                                                                      | supported, the default                                                                                                                                                                      |
| `INTERVAL` syntax for `DateTime` `RANGE OFFSET` frame                              | not supported, specify the number of seconds instead (`RANGE` works with any numeric type).                                                                                                                                 |
| `GROUPS` frame                                                                     | not supported                                                                                                                                                                               |
| Calculating aggregate functions over a frame (`sum(value) over (order by time)`)   | all aggregate functions are supported                                                                                                                                                       |
| `rank()`, `dense_rank()`, `row_number()`                                           | supported                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| `lag/lead(value, offset)`                                                          | Not supported. Workarounds:                                                                                                                                                                 |
|                                                                                    | 1) replace with `any(value) over (.... rows between <offset> preceding and <offset> preceding)`, or `following` for `lead`                                                                  |
|                                                                                    | 2) use `lagInFrame/leadInFrame`, which are analogous, but respect the window frame. To get behavior identical to `lag/lead`, use `rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following` |

## ClickHouse-specific Window Functions

### nonNegativeDerivative(metric_column, timestamp_column[, INTERVAL X UNITS])

Finds non-negative derivative for given `metric_column` by `timestamp_column`. 
`INTERVAL` can be omitted, default is `INTERVAL 1 SECOND`.
The computed value is the following for each row:
- `0` for 1st row,
- ${metric_i - metric_{i-1} \over timestamp_i - timestamp_{i-1}}  * interval$ for $i_th$ row.

## References

### GitHub Issues

The roadmap for the initial support of window functions is [in this issue](https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/issues/18097).

All GitHub issues related to window funtions have the [comp-window-functions](https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/labels/comp-window-functions) tag.

### Tests

These tests contain the examples of the currently supported grammar:

https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/blob/master/tests/performance/window_functions.xml

https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/blob/master/tests/queries/0_stateless/01591_window_functions.sql

### Postgres Docs

https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-select.html#SQL-WINDOW

https://www.postgresql.org/docs/devel/sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-WINDOW-FUNCTIONS

https://www.postgresql.org/docs/devel/functions-window.html

https://www.postgresql.org/docs/devel/tutorial-window.html

### MySQL Docs

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/window-function-descriptions.html

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/window-functions-usage.html

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/window-functions-frames.html

## Syntax

```text
aggregate_function (column_name)
  OVER ([[PARTITION BY grouping_column] [ORDER BY sorting_column] 
        [ROWS or RANGE expression_to_bound_rows_withing_the_group]] | [window_name])
FROM table_name
WINDOW window_name as ([[PARTITION BY grouping_column] [ORDER BY sorting_column])
```

- `PARTITION BY` - defines how to break a resultset into groups.
- `ORDER BY` - defines how to order rows inside the group during calculation aggregate_function.
- `ROWS or RANGE` - defines bounds of a frame, aggregate_function is calculated within a frame.
- `WINDOW` - allows to reuse a window definition with multiple exressions.

### Functions

These functions can be used only as a window function.

`row_number()` -	Number the current row within its partition starting from 1.
`first_value(x)` -	Return the first non-NULL value evaluated within its ordered frame.
`last_value(x)` -	Return the last non-NULL value evaluated within its ordered frame.
`nth_value(x, offset)` - Return the first non-NULL value evaluated against the nth row (offset) in its ordered frame.
`rank()` -	Rank the current row within its partition with gaps.
`dense_rank()`	- Rank the current row within its partition without gaps.
`lagInFrame(x)` - Return a value evaluated at the row that is at a specified physical offset row before the current row within the ordered frame.
`leadInFrame(x)` - Return a value evaluated at the row that is offset rows after the current row within the ordered frame.

```text
      PARTITION
┌─────────────────┐  <-- UNBOUNDED PRECEDING (BEGINNING of the PARTITION)
│                 │
│                 │
│=================│  <-- N PRECEDING  <─┐
│      N ROWS     │                     │  F
│  Before CURRENT │                     │  R
│~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~│  <-- CURRENT ROW    │  A
│     M ROWS      │                     │  M
│   After CURRENT │                     │  E
│=================│  <-- M FOLLOWING  <─┘
│                 │
│                 │
└─────────────────┘  <--- UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING (END of the PARTITION)
```

## Examples

```sql
CREATE TABLE wf_partition
(
    `part_key` UInt64,
    `value` UInt64,
    `order` UInt64    
)
ENGINE = Memory;

INSERT INTO wf_partition FORMAT Values
   (1,1,1), (1,2,2), (1,3,3), (2,0,0), (3,0,0);

SELECT
    part_key,
    value,
    order,
    groupArray(value) OVER (PARTITION BY part_key) AS frame_values
FROM wf_partition
ORDER BY
    part_key ASC,
    value ASC;

┌─part_key─┬─value─┬─order─┬─frame_values─┐
│        1 │     1 │     1 │ [1,2,3]      │   <┐   
│        1 │     2 │     2 │ [1,2,3]      │    │  1-st group
│        1 │     3 │     3 │ [1,2,3]      │   <┘ 
│        2 │     0 │     0 │ [0]          │   <-  2-nd group
│        3 │     0 │     0 │ [0]          │   <-  3-d group
└──────────┴───────┴───────┴──────────────┘
```

```sql
CREATE TABLE wf_frame
(
    `part_key` UInt64,
    `value` UInt64,
    `order` UInt64
)
ENGINE = Memory;

INSERT INTO wf_frame FORMAT Values
   (1,1,1), (1,2,2), (1,3,3), (1,4,4), (1,5,5);

-- frame is bounded by bounds of a partition (BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
SELECT
    part_key,
    value,
    order,
    groupArray(value) OVER (PARTITION BY part_key ORDER BY order ASC
         Rows BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS frame_values
FROM wf_frame
ORDER BY
    part_key ASC,
    value ASC;
    
┌─part_key─┬─value─┬─order─┬─frame_values─┐
│        1 │     1 │     1 │ [1,2,3,4,5]  │
│        1 │     2 │     2 │ [1,2,3,4,5]  │
│        1 │     3 │     3 │ [1,2,3,4,5]  │
│        1 │     4 │     4 │ [1,2,3,4,5]  │
│        1 │     5 │     5 │ [1,2,3,4,5]  │
└──────────┴───────┴───────┴──────────────┘

-- short form - no bound expression, no order by
SELECT
    part_key,
    value,
    order,
    groupArray(value) OVER (PARTITION BY part_key) AS frame_values
FROM wf_frame
ORDER BY
    part_key ASC,
    value ASC;
┌─part_key─┬─value─┬─order─┬─frame_values─┐
│        1 │     1 │     1 │ [1,2,3,4,5]  │
│        1 │     2 │     2 │ [1,2,3,4,5]  │
│        1 │     3 │     3 │ [1,2,3,4,5]  │
│        1 │     4 │     4 │ [1,2,3,4,5]  │
│        1 │     5 │     5 │ [1,2,3,4,5]  │
└──────────┴───────┴───────┴──────────────┘

-- frame is bounded by the beggining of a partition and the current row
SELECT
    part_key,
    value,
    order,
    groupArray(value) OVER (PARTITION BY part_key ORDER BY order ASC
          Rows BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS frame_values
FROM wf_frame
ORDER BY
    part_key ASC,
    value ASC;

┌─part_key─┬─value─┬─order─┬─frame_values─┐
│        1 │     1 │     1 │ [1]          │
│        1 │     2 │     2 │ [1,2]        │
│        1 │     3 │     3 │ [1,2,3]      │
│        1 │     4 │     4 │ [1,2,3,4]    │
│        1 │     5 │     5 │ [1,2,3,4,5]  │
└──────────┴───────┴───────┴──────────────┘

-- short form (frame is bounded by the beggining of a partition and the current row)
SELECT
    part_key,
    value,
    order,
    groupArray(value) OVER (PARTITION BY part_key ORDER BY order ASC) AS frame_values
FROM wf_frame
ORDER BY
    part_key ASC,
    value ASC;
┌─part_key─┬─value─┬─order─┬─frame_values─┐
│        1 │     1 │     1 │ [1]          │
│        1 │     2 │     2 │ [1,2]        │
│        1 │     3 │     3 │ [1,2,3]      │
│        1 │     4 │     4 │ [1,2,3,4]    │
│        1 │     5 │     5 │ [1,2,3,4,5]  │
└──────────┴───────┴───────┴──────────────┘

-- frame is bounded by the beggining of a partition and the current row, but order is backward
SELECT
    part_key,
    value,
    order,
    groupArray(value) OVER (PARTITION BY part_key ORDER BY order DESC) AS frame_values
FROM wf_frame
ORDER BY
    part_key ASC,
    value ASC;
┌─part_key─┬─value─┬─order─┬─frame_values─┐
│        1 │     1 │     1 │ [5,4,3,2,1]  │
│        1 │     2 │     2 │ [5,4,3,2]    │
│        1 │     3 │     3 │ [5,4,3]      │
│        1 │     4 │     4 │ [5,4]        │
│        1 │     5 │     5 │ [5]          │
└──────────┴───────┴───────┴──────────────┘

-- sliding frame - 1 PRECEDING ROW AND CURRENT ROW
SELECT
    part_key,
    value,
    order,
    groupArray(value) OVER (PARTITION BY part_key ORDER BY order ASC
          Rows BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS frame_values
FROM wf_frame
ORDER BY
    part_key ASC,
    value ASC;

┌─part_key─┬─value─┬─order─┬─frame_values─┐
│        1 │     1 │     1 │ [1]          │
│        1 │     2 │     2 │ [1,2]        │
│        1 │     3 │     3 │ [2,3]        │
│        1 │     4 │     4 │ [3,4]        │
│        1 │     5 │     5 │ [4,5]        │
└──────────┴───────┴───────┴──────────────┘

-- sliding frame - Rows BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING 
SELECT
    part_key,
    value,
    order,
    groupArray(value) OVER (PARTITION BY part_key ORDER BY order ASC
          Rows BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS frame_values
FROM wf_frame
ORDER BY
    part_key ASC,
    value ASC;
┌─part_key─┬─value─┬─order─┬─frame_values─┐
│        1 │     1 │     1 │ [1,2,3,4,5]  │
│        1 │     2 │     2 │ [1,2,3,4,5]  │
│        1 │     3 │     3 │ [2,3,4,5]    │
│        1 │     4 │     4 │ [3,4,5]      │
│        1 │     5 │     5 │ [4,5]        │
└──────────┴───────┴───────┴──────────────┘

-- row_number does not respect the frame, so rn_1 = rn_2 = rn_3 != rn_4
SELECT
    part_key,
    value,
    order,
    groupArray(value) OVER w1 AS frame_values,
    row_number() OVER w1 AS rn_1,
    sum(1) OVER w1 AS rn_2,
    row_number() OVER w2 AS rn_3,
    sum(1) OVER w2 AS rn_4
FROM wf_frame
WINDOW
    w1 AS (PARTITION BY part_key ORDER BY order DESC),
    w2 AS (PARTITION BY part_key ORDER BY order DESC 
                   Rows BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
ORDER BY
    part_key ASC,
    value ASC;
┌─part_key─┬─value─┬─order─┬─frame_values─┬─rn_1─┬─rn_2─┬─rn_3─┬─rn_4─┐
│        1 │     1 │     1 │ [5,4,3,2,1]  │    5 │    5 │    5 │    2 │
│        1 │     2 │     2 │ [5,4,3,2]    │    4 │    4 │    4 │    2 │
│        1 │     3 │     3 │ [5,4,3]      │    3 │    3 │    3 │    2 │
│        1 │     4 │     4 │ [5,4]        │    2 │    2 │    2 │    2 │
│        1 │     5 │     5 │ [5]          │    1 │    1 │    1 │    1 │
└──────────┴───────┴───────┴──────────────┴──────┴──────┴──────┴──────┘

-- first_value and last_value respect the frame
SELECT
    groupArray(value) OVER w1 AS frame_values_1,
    first_value(value) OVER w1 AS first_value_1,
    last_value(value) OVER w1 AS last_value_1,
    groupArray(value) OVER w2 AS frame_values_2,
    first_value(value) OVER w2 AS first_value_2,
    last_value(value) OVER w2 AS last_value_2
FROM wf_frame
WINDOW
    w1 AS (PARTITION BY part_key ORDER BY order ASC),
    w2 AS (PARTITION BY part_key ORDER BY order ASC Rows BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
ORDER BY
    part_key ASC,
    value ASC;
┌─frame_values_1─┬─first_value_1─┬─last_value_1─┬─frame_values_2─┬─first_value_2─┬─last_value_2─┐
│ [1]            │             1 │            1 │ [1]            │             1 │            1 │
│ [1,2]          │             1 │            2 │ [1,2]          │             1 │            2 │
│ [1,2,3]        │             1 │            3 │ [2,3]          │             2 │            3 │
│ [1,2,3,4]      │             1 │            4 │ [3,4]          │             3 │            4 │
│ [1,2,3,4,5]    │             1 │            5 │ [4,5]          │             4 │            5 │
└────────────────┴───────────────┴──────────────┴────────────────┴───────────────┴──────────────┘

-- second value within the frame
SELECT
    groupArray(value) OVER w1 AS frame_values_1,
    nth_value(value, 2) OVER w1 AS second_value
FROM wf_frame
WINDOW w1 AS (PARTITION BY part_key ORDER BY order ASC Rows BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
ORDER BY
    part_key ASC,
    value ASC
┌─frame_values_1─┬─second_value─┐
│ [1]            │            0 │
│ [1,2]          │            2 │
│ [1,2,3]        │            2 │
│ [1,2,3,4]      │            2 │
│ [2,3,4,5]      │            3 │
└────────────────┴──────────────┘

-- second value within the frame + Null for missing values
SELECT
    groupArray(value) OVER w1 AS frame_values_1,
    nth_value(toNullable(value), 2) OVER w1 AS second_value
FROM wf_frame
WINDOW w1 AS (PARTITION BY part_key ORDER BY order ASC Rows BETWEEN 3 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
ORDER BY
    part_key ASC,
    value ASC
┌─frame_values_1─┬─second_value─┐
│ [1]            │         ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
│ [1,2]          │            2 │
│ [1,2,3]        │            2 │
│ [1,2,3,4]      │            2 │
│ [2,3,4,5]      │            3 │
└────────────────┴──────────────┘
```

## Real world examples

### Maximum/total salary per department.

```sql
CREATE TABLE employees
(
    `department` String,
    `employee_name` String,
    `salary` Float
)
ENGINE = Memory;

INSERT INTO employees FORMAT Values
   ('Finance', 'Jonh', 200),
   ('Finance', 'Joan', 210),
   ('Finance', 'Jean', 505),
   ('IT', 'Tim', 200),
   ('IT', 'Anna', 300),
   ('IT', 'Elen', 500);

SELECT
    department,
    employee_name AS emp,
    salary,
    max_salary_per_dep,
    total_salary_per_dep,
    round((salary / total_salary_per_dep) * 100, 2) AS `share_per_dep(%)`
FROM
(
    SELECT
        department,
        employee_name,
        salary,
        max(salary) OVER wndw AS max_salary_per_dep,
        sum(salary) OVER wndw AS total_salary_per_dep
    FROM employees
    WINDOW wndw AS (PARTITION BY department
          rows BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
    ORDER BY
        department ASC,
        employee_name ASC
);

┌─department─┬─emp──┬─salary─┬─max_salary_per_dep─┬─total_salary_per_dep─┬─share_per_dep(%)─┐
│ Finance    │ Jean │    505 │                505 │                  915 │            55.19 │
│ Finance    │ Joan │    210 │                505 │                  915 │            22.95 │
│ Finance    │ Jonh │    200 │                505 │                  915 │            21.86 │
│ IT         │ Anna │    300 │                500 │                 1000 │               30 │
│ IT         │ Elen │    500 │                500 │                 1000 │               50 │
│ IT         │ Tim  │    200 │                500 │                 1000 │               20 │
└────────────┴──────┴────────┴────────────────────┴──────────────────────┴──────────────────┘
```

### Cumulative sum.

```sql
CREATE TABLE warehouse
(
    `item` String,
    `ts` DateTime,
    `value` Float
)
ENGINE = Memory

INSERT INTO warehouse VALUES
    ('sku38', '2020-01-01', 9),
    ('sku38', '2020-02-01', 1),
    ('sku38', '2020-03-01', -4),
    ('sku1', '2020-01-01', 1),
    ('sku1', '2020-02-01', 1),
    ('sku1', '2020-03-01', 1);

SELECT
    item,
    ts,
    value,
    sum(value) OVER (PARTITION BY item ORDER BY ts ASC) AS stock_balance
FROM warehouse
ORDER BY
    item ASC,
    ts ASC;

┌─item──┬──────────────────ts─┬─value─┬─stock_balance─┐
│ sku1  │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │     1 │             1 │
│ sku1  │ 2020-02-01 00:00:00 │     1 │             2 │
│ sku1  │ 2020-03-01 00:00:00 │     1 │             3 │
│ sku38 │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │     9 │             9 │
│ sku38 │ 2020-02-01 00:00:00 │     1 │            10 │
│ sku38 │ 2020-03-01 00:00:00 │    -4 │             6 │
└───────┴─────────────────────┴───────┴───────────────┘
```

### Moving / Sliding Average (per 3 rows)

```sql
CREATE TABLE sensors
(
    `metric` String,
    `ts` DateTime,
    `value` Float
)
ENGINE = Memory;

insert into sensors values('cpu_temp', '2020-01-01 00:00:00', 87),
                          ('cpu_temp', '2020-01-01 00:00:01', 77),
                          ('cpu_temp', '2020-01-01 00:00:02', 93),
                          ('cpu_temp', '2020-01-01 00:00:03', 87),
                          ('cpu_temp', '2020-01-01 00:00:04', 87),
                          ('cpu_temp', '2020-01-01 00:00:05', 87),
                          ('cpu_temp', '2020-01-01 00:00:06', 87),
                          ('cpu_temp', '2020-01-01 00:00:07', 87);
SELECT
    metric,
    ts,
    value,
    avg(value) OVER
       (PARTITION BY metric ORDER BY ts ASC Rows BETWEEN 2 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
         AS moving_avg_temp
FROM sensors
ORDER BY
    metric ASC,
    ts ASC;

┌─metric───┬──────────────────ts─┬─value─┬───moving_avg_temp─┐
│ cpu_temp │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │    87 │                87 │
│ cpu_temp │ 2020-01-01 00:00:01 │    77 │                82 │
│ cpu_temp │ 2020-01-01 00:00:02 │    93 │ 85.66666666666667 │
│ cpu_temp │ 2020-01-01 00:00:03 │    87 │ 85.66666666666667 │
│ cpu_temp │ 2020-01-01 00:00:04 │    87 │                89 │
│ cpu_temp │ 2020-01-01 00:00:05 │    87 │                87 │
│ cpu_temp │ 2020-01-01 00:00:06 │    87 │                87 │
│ cpu_temp │ 2020-01-01 00:00:07 │    87 │                87 │
└──────────┴─────────────────────┴───────┴───────────────────┘
```

### Moving / Sliding Average (per 10 seconds)

```sql
SELECT
    metric,
    ts,
    value,
    avg(value) OVER (PARTITION BY metric ORDER BY ts
      Range BETWEEN 10 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS moving_avg_10_seconds_temp
FROM sensors
ORDER BY
    metric ASC,
    ts ASC;
    
┌─metric───┬──────────────────ts─┬─value─┬─moving_avg_10_seconds_temp─┐
│ cpu_temp │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │    87 │                         87 │
│ cpu_temp │ 2020-01-01 00:01:10 │    77 │                         77 │
│ cpu_temp │ 2020-01-01 00:02:20 │    93 │                         93 │
│ cpu_temp │ 2020-01-01 00:03:30 │    87 │                         87 │
│ cpu_temp │ 2020-01-01 00:04:40 │    87 │                         87 │
│ cpu_temp │ 2020-01-01 00:05:50 │    87 │                         87 │
│ cpu_temp │ 2020-01-01 00:06:00 │    87 │                         87 │
│ cpu_temp │ 2020-01-01 00:07:10 │    87 │                         87 │
└──────────┴─────────────────────┴───────┴────────────────────────────┘
```

### Moving / Sliding Average (per 10 days)

Temperature is stored with second precision, but using `Range` and `ORDER BY toDate(ts)` we form a frame with the size of 10 units, and because of `toDate(ts)` the unit is a day.

```sql
CREATE TABLE sensors
(
    `metric` String,
    `ts` DateTime,
    `value` Float
)
ENGINE = Memory;

insert into sensors values('ambient_temp', '2020-01-01 00:00:00', 16),
                          ('ambient_temp', '2020-01-01 12:00:00', 16),
                          ('ambient_temp', '2020-01-02 11:00:00', 9),
                          ('ambient_temp', '2020-01-02 12:00:00', 9),                          
                          ('ambient_temp', '2020-02-01 10:00:00', 10),
                          ('ambient_temp', '2020-02-01 12:00:00', 10),
                          ('ambient_temp', '2020-02-10 12:00:00', 12),                          
                          ('ambient_temp', '2020-02-10 13:00:00', 12),
                          ('ambient_temp', '2020-02-20 12:00:01', 16),
                          ('ambient_temp', '2020-03-01 12:00:00', 16),
                          ('ambient_temp', '2020-03-01 12:00:00', 16),
                          ('ambient_temp', '2020-03-01 12:00:00', 16);

SELECT
    metric,
    ts,
    value,
    round(avg(value) OVER (PARTITION BY metric ORDER BY toDate(ts) 
       Range BETWEEN 10 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW),2) moving_avg_10_days_temp
FROM sensors
ORDER BY
    metric ASC,
    ts ASC;

┌─metric───────┬──────────────────ts─┬─value─┬─moving_avg_10_days_temp─┐
│ ambient_temp │ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │    16 │                      16 │
│ ambient_temp │ 2020-01-01 12:00:00 │    16 │                      16 │
│ ambient_temp │ 2020-01-02 11:00:00 │     9 │                    12.5 │
│ ambient_temp │ 2020-01-02 12:00:00 │     9 │                    12.5 │
│ ambient_temp │ 2020-02-01 10:00:00 │    10 │                      10 │
│ ambient_temp │ 2020-02-01 12:00:00 │    10 │                      10 │
│ ambient_temp │ 2020-02-10 12:00:00 │    12 │                      11 │
│ ambient_temp │ 2020-02-10 13:00:00 │    12 │                      11 │
│ ambient_temp │ 2020-02-20 12:00:01 │    16 │                   13.33 │
│ ambient_temp │ 2020-03-01 12:00:00 │    16 │                      16 │
│ ambient_temp │ 2020-03-01 12:00:00 │    16 │                      16 │
│ ambient_temp │ 2020-03-01 12:00:00 │    16 │                      16 │
└──────────────┴─────────────────────┴───────┴─────────────────────────┘
```