---
slug: /en/sql-reference/statements/select/array-join
sidebar_label: ARRAY JOIN
---

# ARRAY JOIN Clause

It is a common operation for tables that contain an array column to produce a new table that has a column with each individual array element of that initial column, while values of other columns are duplicated. This is the basic case of what `ARRAY JOIN` clause does.

Its name comes from the fact that it can be looked at as executing `JOIN` with an array or nested data structure. The intent is similar to the [arrayJoin](../../../sql-reference/functions/array-join.md#functions_arrayjoin) function, but the clause functionality is broader.

Syntax:

``` sql
SELECT <expr_list>
FROM <left_subquery>
[LEFT] ARRAY JOIN <array>
[WHERE|PREWHERE <expr>]
...
```

You can specify only one `ARRAY JOIN` clause in a `SELECT` query.

Supported types of `ARRAY JOIN` are listed below:

-   `ARRAY JOIN` - In base case, empty arrays are not included in the result of `JOIN`.
-   `LEFT ARRAY JOIN` - The result of `JOIN` contains rows with empty arrays. The value for an empty array is set to the default value for the array element type (usually 0, empty string or NULL).

## Basic ARRAY JOIN Examples

The examples below demonstrate the usage of the `ARRAY JOIN` and `LEFT ARRAY JOIN` clauses. Let’s create a table with an [Array](../../../sql-reference/data-types/array.md) type column and insert values into it:

``` sql
CREATE TABLE arrays_test
(
    s String,
    arr Array(UInt8)
) ENGINE = Memory;

INSERT INTO arrays_test
VALUES ('Hello', [1,2]), ('World', [3,4,5]), ('Goodbye', []);
```

``` text
┌─s───────────┬─arr─────┐
│ Hello       │ [1,2]   │
│ World       │ [3,4,5] │
│ Goodbye     │ []      │
└─────────────┴─────────┘
```

The example below uses the `ARRAY JOIN` clause:

``` sql
SELECT s, arr
FROM arrays_test
ARRAY JOIN arr;
```

``` text
┌─s─────┬─arr─┐
│ Hello │   1 │
│ Hello │   2 │
│ World │   3 │
│ World │   4 │
│ World │   5 │
└───────┴─────┘
```

The next example uses the `LEFT ARRAY JOIN` clause:

``` sql
SELECT s, arr
FROM arrays_test
LEFT ARRAY JOIN arr;
```

``` text
┌─s───────────┬─arr─┐
│ Hello       │   1 │
│ Hello       │   2 │
│ World       │   3 │
│ World       │   4 │
│ World       │   5 │
│ Goodbye     │   0 │
└─────────────┴─────┘
```

## Using Aliases

An alias can be specified for an array in the `ARRAY JOIN` clause. In this case, an array item can be accessed by this alias, but the array itself is accessed by the original name. Example:

``` sql
SELECT s, arr, a
FROM arrays_test
ARRAY JOIN arr AS a;
```

``` text
┌─s─────┬─arr─────┬─a─┐
│ Hello │ [1,2]   │ 1 │
│ Hello │ [1,2]   │ 2 │
│ World │ [3,4,5] │ 3 │
│ World │ [3,4,5] │ 4 │
│ World │ [3,4,5] │ 5 │
└───────┴─────────┴───┘
```

Using aliases, you can perform `ARRAY JOIN` with an external array. For example:

``` sql
SELECT s, arr_external
FROM arrays_test
ARRAY JOIN [1, 2, 3] AS arr_external;
```

``` text
┌─s───────────┬─arr_external─┐
│ Hello       │            1 │
│ Hello       │            2 │
│ Hello       │            3 │
│ World       │            1 │
│ World       │            2 │
│ World       │            3 │
│ Goodbye     │            1 │
│ Goodbye     │            2 │
│ Goodbye     │            3 │
└─────────────┴──────────────┘
```

Multiple arrays can be comma-separated in the `ARRAY JOIN` clause. In this case, `JOIN` is performed with them simultaneously (the direct sum, not the cartesian product). Note that all the arrays must have the same size by default. Example:

``` sql
SELECT s, arr, a, num, mapped
FROM arrays_test
ARRAY JOIN arr AS a, arrayEnumerate(arr) AS num, arrayMap(x -> x + 1, arr) AS mapped;
```

``` text
┌─s─────┬─arr─────┬─a─┬─num─┬─mapped─┐
│ Hello │ [1,2]   │ 1 │   1 │      2 │
│ Hello │ [1,2]   │ 2 │   2 │      3 │
│ World │ [3,4,5] │ 3 │   1 │      4 │
│ World │ [3,4,5] │ 4 │   2 │      5 │
│ World │ [3,4,5] │ 5 │   3 │      6 │
└───────┴─────────┴───┴─────┴────────┘
```

The example below uses the [arrayEnumerate](../../../sql-reference/functions/array-functions#array_functions-arrayenumerate) function:

``` sql
SELECT s, arr, a, num, arrayEnumerate(arr)
FROM arrays_test
ARRAY JOIN arr AS a, arrayEnumerate(arr) AS num;
```

``` text
┌─s─────┬─arr─────┬─a─┬─num─┬─arrayEnumerate(arr)─┐
│ Hello │ [1,2]   │ 1 │   1 │ [1,2]               │
│ Hello │ [1,2]   │ 2 │   2 │ [1,2]               │
│ World │ [3,4,5] │ 3 │   1 │ [1,2,3]             │
│ World │ [3,4,5] │ 4 │   2 │ [1,2,3]             │
│ World │ [3,4,5] │ 5 │   3 │ [1,2,3]             │
└───────┴─────────┴───┴─────┴─────────────────────┘
```
Multiple arrays with different sizes can be joined by using: `SETTINGS enable_unaligned_array_join = 1`. Example:

```sql
SELECT s, arr, a, b 
FROM arrays_test ARRAY JOIN arr as a, [['a','b'],['c']] as b 
SETTINGS enable_unaligned_array_join = 1;
```

```text
┌─s───────┬─arr─────┬─a─┬─b─────────┐
│ Hello   │ [1,2]   │ 1 │ ['a','b'] │
│ Hello   │ [1,2]   │ 2 │ ['c']     │
│ World   │ [3,4,5] │ 3 │ ['a','b'] │
│ World   │ [3,4,5] │ 4 │ ['c']     │
│ World   │ [3,4,5] │ 5 │ []        │
│ Goodbye │ []      │ 0 │ ['a','b'] │
│ Goodbye │ []      │ 0 │ ['c']     │
└─────────┴─────────┴───┴───────────┘
```

## ARRAY JOIN with Nested Data Structure

`ARRAY JOIN` also works with [nested data structures](../../../sql-reference/data-types/nested-data-structures/nested.md):

``` sql
CREATE TABLE nested_test
(
    s String,
    nest Nested(
    x UInt8,
    y UInt32)
) ENGINE = Memory;

INSERT INTO nested_test
VALUES ('Hello', [1,2], [10,20]), ('World', [3,4,5], [30,40,50]), ('Goodbye', [], []);
```

``` text
┌─s───────┬─nest.x──┬─nest.y─────┐
│ Hello   │ [1,2]   │ [10,20]    │
│ World   │ [3,4,5] │ [30,40,50] │
│ Goodbye │ []      │ []         │
└─────────┴─────────┴────────────┘
```

``` sql
SELECT s, `nest.x`, `nest.y`
FROM nested_test
ARRAY JOIN nest;
```

``` text
┌─s─────┬─nest.x─┬─nest.y─┐
│ Hello │      1 │     10 │
│ Hello │      2 │     20 │
│ World │      3 │     30 │
│ World │      4 │     40 │
│ World │      5 │     50 │
└───────┴────────┴────────┘
```

When specifying names of nested data structures in `ARRAY JOIN`, the meaning is the same as `ARRAY JOIN` with all the array elements that it consists of. Examples are listed below:

``` sql
SELECT s, `nest.x`, `nest.y`
FROM nested_test
ARRAY JOIN `nest.x`, `nest.y`;
```

``` text
┌─s─────┬─nest.x─┬─nest.y─┐
│ Hello │      1 │     10 │
│ Hello │      2 │     20 │
│ World │      3 │     30 │
│ World │      4 │     40 │
│ World │      5 │     50 │
└───────┴────────┴────────┘
```

This variation also makes sense:

``` sql
SELECT s, `nest.x`, `nest.y`
FROM nested_test
ARRAY JOIN `nest.x`;
```

``` text
┌─s─────┬─nest.x─┬─nest.y─────┐
│ Hello │      1 │ [10,20]    │
│ Hello │      2 │ [10,20]    │
│ World │      3 │ [30,40,50] │
│ World │      4 │ [30,40,50] │
│ World │      5 │ [30,40,50] │
└───────┴────────┴────────────┘
```

An alias may be used for a nested data structure, in order to select either the `JOIN` result or the source array. Example:

``` sql
SELECT s, `n.x`, `n.y`, `nest.x`, `nest.y`
FROM nested_test
ARRAY JOIN nest AS n;
```

``` text
┌─s─────┬─n.x─┬─n.y─┬─nest.x──┬─nest.y─────┐
│ Hello │   1 │  10 │ [1,2]   │ [10,20]    │
│ Hello │   2 │  20 │ [1,2]   │ [10,20]    │
│ World │   3 │  30 │ [3,4,5] │ [30,40,50] │
│ World │   4 │  40 │ [3,4,5] │ [30,40,50] │
│ World │   5 │  50 │ [3,4,5] │ [30,40,50] │
└───────┴─────┴─────┴─────────┴────────────┘
```

Example of using the [arrayEnumerate](../../../sql-reference/functions/array-functions#array_functions-arrayenumerate) function:

``` sql
SELECT s, `n.x`, `n.y`, `nest.x`, `nest.y`, num
FROM nested_test
ARRAY JOIN nest AS n, arrayEnumerate(`nest.x`) AS num;
```

``` text
┌─s─────┬─n.x─┬─n.y─┬─nest.x──┬─nest.y─────┬─num─┐
│ Hello │   1 │  10 │ [1,2]   │ [10,20]    │   1 │
│ Hello │   2 │  20 │ [1,2]   │ [10,20]    │   2 │
│ World │   3 │  30 │ [3,4,5] │ [30,40,50] │   1 │
│ World │   4 │  40 │ [3,4,5] │ [30,40,50] │   2 │
│ World │   5 │  50 │ [3,4,5] │ [30,40,50] │   3 │
└───────┴─────┴─────┴─────────┴────────────┴─────┘
```

## Implementation Details

The query execution order is optimized when running `ARRAY JOIN`. Although `ARRAY JOIN` must always be specified before the [WHERE](../../../sql-reference/statements/select/where.md)/[PREWHERE](../../../sql-reference/statements/select/prewhere.md) clause in a query, technically they can be performed in any order, unless result of `ARRAY JOIN` is used for filtering. The processing order is controlled by the query optimizer.