--- slug: /en/sql-reference/functions/tuple-map-functions sidebar_position: 120 sidebar_label: Maps --- ## map Arranges `key:value` pairs into [Map(key, value)](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md) data type. **Syntax** ```sql map(key1, value1[, key2, value2, ...]) ``` **Arguments** - `key` — The key part of the pair. [String](../../sql-reference/data-types/string.md), [Integer](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md), [LowCardinality](../../sql-reference/data-types/lowcardinality.md), [FixedString](../../sql-reference/data-types/fixedstring.md), [UUID](../../sql-reference/data-types/uuid.md), [Date](../../sql-reference/data-types/date.md), [DateTime](../../sql-reference/data-types/datetime.md), [Date32](../../sql-reference/data-types/date32.md), [Enum](../../sql-reference/data-types/enum.md). - `value` — The value part of the pair. Arbitrary type, including [Map](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md) and [Array](../../sql-reference/data-types/array.md). **Returned value** - Data structure as `key:value` pairs. Type: [Map(key, value)](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md). **Examples** Query: ```sql SELECT map('key1', number, 'key2', number * 2) FROM numbers(3); ``` Result: ``` text ┌─map('key1', number, 'key2', multiply(number, 2))─┐ │ {'key1':0,'key2':0} │ │ {'key1':1,'key2':2} │ │ {'key1':2,'key2':4} │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ``` Query: ```sql CREATE TABLE table_map (a Map(String, UInt64)) ENGINE = MergeTree() ORDER BY a; INSERT INTO table_map SELECT map('key1', number, 'key2', number * 2) FROM numbers(3); SELECT a['key2'] FROM table_map; ``` Result: ```text ┌─arrayElement(a, 'key2')─┐ │ 0 │ │ 2 │ │ 4 │ └─────────────────────────┘ ``` **See Also** - [Map(key, value)](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md) data type ## mapFromArrays Merges an [Array](../../sql-reference/data-types/array.md) of keys and an [Array](../../sql-reference/data-types/array.md) of values into a [Map(key, value)](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md). Notice that the second argument could also be a [Map](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md), thus it is casted to an Array when executing. The function is a more convenient alternative to `CAST((key_array, value_array_or_map), 'Map(key_type, value_type)')`. For example, instead of writing `CAST((['aa', 'bb'], [4, 5]), 'Map(String, UInt32)')`, you can write `mapFromArrays(['aa', 'bb'], [4, 5])`. **Syntax** ```sql mapFromArrays(keys, values) ``` Alias: `MAP_FROM_ARRAYS(keys, values)` **Arguments** - `keys` — Given key array to create a map from. The nested type of array must be: [String](../../sql-reference/data-types/string.md), [Integer](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md), [LowCardinality](../../sql-reference/data-types/lowcardinality.md), [FixedString](../../sql-reference/data-types/fixedstring.md), [UUID](../../sql-reference/data-types/uuid.md), [Date](../../sql-reference/data-types/date.md), [DateTime](../../sql-reference/data-types/datetime.md), [Date32](../../sql-reference/data-types/date32.md), [Enum](../../sql-reference/data-types/enum.md) - `values` - Given value array or map to create a map from. **Returned value** - A map whose keys and values are constructed from the key array and value array/map. **Example** Query: ```sql select mapFromArrays(['a', 'b', 'c'], [1, 2, 3]) ┌─mapFromArrays(['a', 'b', 'c'], [1, 2, 3])─┐ │ {'a':1,'b':2,'c':3} │ └───────────────────────────────────────────┘ SELECT mapFromArrays([1, 2, 3], map('a', 1, 'b', 2, 'c', 3)) ┌─mapFromArrays([1, 2, 3], map('a', 1, 'b', 2, 'c', 3))─┐ │ {1:('a',1),2:('b',2),3:('c',3)} │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ``` ## mapAdd Collect all the keys and sum corresponding values. **Syntax** ```sql mapAdd(arg1, arg2 [, ...]) ``` **Arguments** Arguments are [maps](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md) or [tuples](../../sql-reference/data-types/tuple.md#tuplet1-t2) of two [arrays](../../sql-reference/data-types/array.md#data-type-array), where items in the first array represent keys, and the second array contains values for the each key. All key arrays should have same type, and all value arrays should contain items which are promoted to the one type ([Int64](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md#int-ranges), [UInt64](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md#uint-ranges) or [Float64](../../sql-reference/data-types/float.md#float32-float64)). The common promoted type is used as a type for the result array. **Returned value** - Depending on the arguments returns one [map](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md) or [tuple](../../sql-reference/data-types/tuple.md#tuplet1-t2), where the first array contains the sorted keys and the second array contains values. **Example** Query with a tuple: ```sql SELECT mapAdd(([toUInt8(1), 2], [1, 1]), ([toUInt8(1), 2], [1, 1])) as res, toTypeName(res) as type; ``` Result: ```text ┌─res───────────┬─type───────────────────────────────┐ │ ([1,2],[2,2]) │ Tuple(Array(UInt8), Array(UInt64)) │ └───────────────┴────────────────────────────────────┘ ``` Query with `Map` type: ```sql SELECT mapAdd(map(1,1), map(1,1)); ``` Result: ```text ┌─mapAdd(map(1, 1), map(1, 1))─┐ │ {1:2} │ └──────────────────────────────┘ ``` ## mapSubtract Collect all the keys and subtract corresponding values. **Syntax** ```sql mapSubtract(Tuple(Array, Array), Tuple(Array, Array) [, ...]) ``` **Arguments** Arguments are [maps](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md) or [tuples](../../sql-reference/data-types/tuple.md#tuplet1-t2) of two [arrays](../../sql-reference/data-types/array.md#data-type-array), where items in the first array represent keys, and the second array contains values for the each key. All key arrays should have same type, and all value arrays should contain items which are promote to the one type ([Int64](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md#int-ranges), [UInt64](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md#uint-ranges) or [Float64](../../sql-reference/data-types/float.md#float32-float64)). The common promoted type is used as a type for the result array. **Returned value** - Depending on the arguments returns one [map](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md) or [tuple](../../sql-reference/data-types/tuple.md#tuplet1-t2), where the first array contains the sorted keys and the second array contains values. **Example** Query with a tuple map: ```sql SELECT mapSubtract(([toUInt8(1), 2], [toInt32(1), 1]), ([toUInt8(1), 2], [toInt32(2), 1])) as res, toTypeName(res) as type; ``` Result: ```text ┌─res────────────┬─type──────────────────────────────┐ │ ([1,2],[-1,0]) │ Tuple(Array(UInt8), Array(Int64)) │ └────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────┘ ``` Query with `Map` type: ```sql SELECT mapSubtract(map(1,1), map(1,1)); ``` Result: ```text ┌─mapSubtract(map(1, 1), map(1, 1))─┐ │ {1:0} │ └───────────────────────────────────┘ ``` ## mapPopulateSeries Fills missing keys in the maps (key and value array pair), where keys are integers. Also, it supports specifying the max key, which is used to extend the keys array. **Syntax** ```sql mapPopulateSeries(keys, values[, max]) mapPopulateSeries(map[, max]) ``` Generates a map (a tuple with two arrays or a value of `Map` type, depending on the arguments), where keys are a series of numbers, from minimum to maximum keys (or `max` argument if it specified) taken from the map with a step size of one, and corresponding values. If the value is not specified for the key, then it uses the default value in the resulting map. For repeated keys, only the first value (in order of appearing) gets associated with the key. For array arguments the number of elements in `keys` and `values` must be the same for each row. **Arguments** Arguments are [maps](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md) or two [arrays](../../sql-reference/data-types/array.md#data-type-array), where the first array represent keys, and the second array contains values for the each key. Mapped arrays: - `keys` — Array of keys. [Array](../../sql-reference/data-types/array.md#data-type-array)([Int](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md#uint-ranges)). - `values` — Array of values. [Array](../../sql-reference/data-types/array.md#data-type-array)([Int](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md#uint-ranges)). - `max` — Maximum key value. Optional. [Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, Int128, Int256](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md#int-ranges). or - `map` — Map with integer keys. [Map](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md). **Returned value** - Depending on the arguments returns a [map](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md) or a [tuple](../../sql-reference/data-types/tuple.md#tuplet1-t2) of two [arrays](../../sql-reference/data-types/array.md#data-type-array): keys in sorted order, and values the corresponding keys. **Example** Query with mapped arrays: ```sql SELECT mapPopulateSeries([1,2,4], [11,22,44], 5) AS res, toTypeName(res) AS type; ``` Result: ```text ┌─res──────────────────────────┬─type──────────────────────────────┐ │ ([1,2,3,4,5],[11,22,0,44,0]) │ Tuple(Array(UInt8), Array(UInt8)) │ └──────────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────┘ ``` Query with `Map` type: ```sql SELECT mapPopulateSeries(map(1, 10, 5, 20), 6); ``` Result: ```text ┌─mapPopulateSeries(map(1, 10, 5, 20), 6)─┐ │ {1:10,2:0,3:0,4:0,5:20,6:0} │ └─────────────────────────────────────────┘ ``` ## mapContains Determines whether the `map` contains the `key` parameter. **Syntax** ```sql mapContains(map, key) ``` **Arguments** - `map` — Map. [Map](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md). - `key` — Key. Type matches the type of keys of `map` parameter. **Returned value** - `1` if `map` contains `key`, `0` if not. Type: [UInt8](../../sql-reference/data-types/int-uint.md). **Example** Query: ```sql CREATE TABLE test (a Map(String,String)) ENGINE = Memory; INSERT INTO test VALUES ({'name':'eleven','age':'11'}), ({'number':'twelve','position':'6.0'}); SELECT mapContains(a, 'name') FROM test; ``` Result: ```text ┌─mapContains(a, 'name')─┐ │ 1 │ │ 0 │ └────────────────────────┘ ``` ## mapKeys Returns all keys from the `map` parameter. Can be optimized by enabling the [optimize_functions_to_subcolumns](../../operations/settings/settings.md#optimize-functions-to-subcolumns) setting. With `optimize_functions_to_subcolumns = 1` the function reads only [keys](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md#map-subcolumns) subcolumn instead of reading and processing the whole column data. The query `SELECT mapKeys(m) FROM table` transforms to `SELECT m.keys FROM table`. **Syntax** ```sql mapKeys(map) ``` **Arguments** - `map` — Map. [Map](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md). **Returned value** - Array containing all keys from the `map`. Type: [Array](../../sql-reference/data-types/array.md). **Example** Query: ```sql CREATE TABLE test (a Map(String,String)) ENGINE = Memory; INSERT INTO test VALUES ({'name':'eleven','age':'11'}), ({'number':'twelve','position':'6.0'}); SELECT mapKeys(a) FROM test; ``` Result: ```text ┌─mapKeys(a)────────────┐ │ ['name','age'] │ │ ['number','position'] │ └───────────────────────┘ ``` ## mapValues Returns all values from the `map` parameter. Can be optimized by enabling the [optimize_functions_to_subcolumns](../../operations/settings/settings.md#optimize-functions-to-subcolumns) setting. With `optimize_functions_to_subcolumns = 1` the function reads only [values](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md#map-subcolumns) subcolumn instead of reading and processing the whole column data. The query `SELECT mapValues(m) FROM table` transforms to `SELECT m.values FROM table`. **Syntax** ```sql mapValues(map) ``` **Arguments** - `map` — Map. [Map](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md). **Returned value** - Array containing all the values from `map`. Type: [Array](../../sql-reference/data-types/array.md). **Example** Query: ```sql CREATE TABLE test (a Map(String,String)) ENGINE = Memory; INSERT INTO test VALUES ({'name':'eleven','age':'11'}), ({'number':'twelve','position':'6.0'}); SELECT mapValues(a) FROM test; ``` Result: ```text ┌─mapValues(a)─────┐ │ ['eleven','11'] │ │ ['twelve','6.0'] │ └──────────────────┘ ``` ## mapContainsKeyLike **Syntax** ```sql mapContainsKeyLike(map, pattern) ``` **Arguments** - `map` — Map. [Map](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md). - `pattern` - String pattern to match. **Returned value** - `1` if `map` contains `key` like specified pattern, `0` if not. **Example** Query: ```sql CREATE TABLE test (a Map(String,String)) ENGINE = Memory; INSERT INTO test VALUES ({'abc':'abc','def':'def'}), ({'hij':'hij','klm':'klm'}); SELECT mapContainsKeyLike(a, 'a%') FROM test; ``` Result: ```text ┌─mapContainsKeyLike(a, 'a%')─┐ │ 1 │ │ 0 │ └─────────────────────────────┘ ``` ## mapExtractKeyLike **Syntax** ```sql mapExtractKeyLike(map, pattern) ``` **Arguments** - `map` — Map. [Map](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md). - `pattern` - String pattern to match. **Returned value** - A map contained elements the key of which matchs the specified pattern. If there are no elements matched the pattern, it will return an empty map. **Example** Query: ```sql CREATE TABLE test (a Map(String,String)) ENGINE = Memory; INSERT INTO test VALUES ({'abc':'abc','def':'def'}), ({'hij':'hij','klm':'klm'}); SELECT mapExtractKeyLike(a, 'a%') FROM test; ``` Result: ```text ┌─mapExtractKeyLike(a, 'a%')─┐ │ {'abc':'abc'} │ │ {} │ └────────────────────────────┘ ``` ## mapApply **Syntax** ```sql mapApply(func, map) ``` **Arguments** - `func` - [Lambda function](../../sql-reference/functions/index.md#higher-order-functions---operator-and-lambdaparams-expr-function). - `map` — [Map](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md). **Returned value** - Returns a map obtained from the original map by application of `func(map1[i], …, mapN[i])` for each element. **Example** Query: ```sql SELECT mapApply((k, v) -> (k, v * 10), _map) AS r FROM ( SELECT map('key1', number, 'key2', number * 2) AS _map FROM numbers(3) ) ``` Result: ```text ┌─r─────────────────────┐ │ {'key1':0,'key2':0} │ │ {'key1':10,'key2':20} │ │ {'key1':20,'key2':40} │ └───────────────────────┘ ``` ## mapFilter **Syntax** ```sql mapFilter(func, map) ``` **Arguments** - `func` - [Lambda function](../../sql-reference/functions/index.md#higher-order-functions---operator-and-lambdaparams-expr-function). - `map` — [Map](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md). **Returned value** - Returns a map containing only the elements in `map` for which `func(map1[i], …, mapN[i])` returns something other than 0. **Example** Query: ```sql SELECT mapFilter((k, v) -> ((v % 2) = 0), _map) AS r FROM ( SELECT map('key1', number, 'key2', number * 2) AS _map FROM numbers(3) ) ``` Result: ```text ┌─r───────────────────┐ │ {'key1':0,'key2':0} │ │ {'key2':2} │ │ {'key1':2,'key2':4} │ └─────────────────────┘ ``` ## mapUpdate **Syntax** ```sql mapUpdate(map1, map2) ``` **Arguments** - `map1` [Map](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md). - `map2` [Map](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md). **Returned value** - Returns a map1 with values updated of values for the corresponding keys in map2. **Example** Query: ```sql SELECT mapUpdate(map('key1', 0, 'key3', 0), map('key1', 10, 'key2', 10)) AS map; ``` Result: ```text ┌─map────────────────────────────┐ │ {'key3':0,'key1':10,'key2':10} │ └────────────────────────────────┘ ``` ## mapConcat **Syntax** ```sql mapConcat(maps) ``` **Arguments** - `maps` – Arbitrary number of arguments of [Map](../../sql-reference/data-types/map.md) type. **Returned value** - Returns a map with concatenated maps passed as arguments. If there are same keys in two or more maps, all of them are added to the result map, but only the first one is accessible via operator `[]` **Examples** Query: ```sql SELECT mapConcat(map('key1', 1, 'key3', 3), map('key2', 2)) AS map; ``` Result: ```text ┌─map──────────────────────────┐ │ {'key1':1,'key3':3,'key2':2} │ └──────────────────────────────┘ ``` Query: ```sql SELECT mapConcat(map('key1', 1, 'key2', 2), map('key1', 3)) AS map, map['key1']; ``` Result: ```text ┌─map──────────────────────────┬─elem─┐ │ {'key1':1,'key2':2,'key1':3} │ 1 │ └──────────────────────────────┴──────┘ ``` ## mapExists(\[func,\], map) Returns 1 if there is at least one key-value pair in `map` for which `func(key, value)` returns something other than 0. Otherwise, it returns 0. Note that the `mapExists` is a [higher-order function](../../sql-reference/functions/index.md#higher-order-functions). You can pass a lambda function to it as the first argument. **Example** Query: ```sql SELECT mapExists((k, v) -> (v = 1), map('k1', 1, 'k2', 2)) AS res ``` Result: ```text ┌─res─┐ │ 1 │ └─────┘ ``` ## mapAll(\[func,\] map) Returns 1 if `func(key, value)` returns something other than 0 for all key-value pairs in `map`. Otherwise, it returns 0. Note that the `mapAll` is a [higher-order function](../../sql-reference/functions/index.md#higher-order-functions). You can pass a lambda function to it as the first argument. **Example** Query: ```sql SELECT mapAll((k, v) -> (v = 1), map('k1', 1, 'k2', 2)) AS res ``` Result: ```text ┌─res─┐ │ 0 │ └─────┘ ``` ## mapSort(\[func,\], map) Sorts the elements of the `map` in ascending order. If the `func` function is specified, sorting order is determined by the result of the `func` function applied to the keys and values of the map. **Examples** ``` sql SELECT mapSort(map('key2', 2, 'key3', 1, 'key1', 3)) AS map; ``` ``` text ┌─map──────────────────────────┐ │ {'key1':3,'key2':2,'key3':1} │ └──────────────────────────────┘ ``` ``` sql SELECT mapSort((k, v) -> v, map('key2', 2, 'key3', 1, 'key1', 3)) AS map; ``` ``` text ┌─map──────────────────────────┐ │ {'key3':1,'key2':2,'key1':3} │ └──────────────────────────────┘ ``` For more details see the [reference](../../sql-reference/functions/array-functions.md#array_functions-sort) for `arraySort` function. ## mapReverseSort(\[func,\], map) Sorts the elements of the `map` in descending order. If the `func` function is specified, sorting order is determined by the result of the `func` function applied to the keys and values of the map. **Examples** ``` sql SELECT mapReverseSort(map('key2', 2, 'key3', 1, 'key1', 3)) AS map; ``` ``` text ┌─map──────────────────────────┐ │ {'key3':1,'key2':2,'key1':3} │ └──────────────────────────────┘ ``` ``` sql SELECT mapReverseSort((k, v) -> v, map('key2', 2, 'key3', 1, 'key1', 3)) AS map; ``` ``` text ┌─map──────────────────────────┐ │ {'key1':3,'key2':2,'key3':1} │ └──────────────────────────────┘ ``` For more details see the [reference](../../sql-reference/functions/array-functions.md#array_functions-reverse-sort) for `arrayReverseSort` function.