--- toc_priority: 38 toc_title: GRANT --- # GRANT Statement {#grant} - Grants [privileges](#grant-privileges) to ClickHouse user accounts or roles. - Assigns roles to user accounts or to the other roles. To revoke privileges, use the [REVOKE](../../sql-reference/statements/revoke.md) statement. Also you can list granted privileges with the [SHOW GRANTS](../../sql-reference/statements/show.md#show-grants-statement) statement. ## Granting Privilege Syntax {#grant-privigele-syntax} ``` sql GRANT [ON CLUSTER cluster_name] privilege[(column_name [,...])] [,...] ON {db.table|db.*|*.*|table|*} TO {user | role | CURRENT_USER} [,...] [WITH GRANT OPTION] ``` - `privilege` — Type of privilege. - `role` — ClickHouse user role. - `user` — ClickHouse user account. The `WITH GRANT OPTION` clause grants `user` or `role` with permission to execute the `GRANT` query. Users can grant privileges of the same scope they have and less. ## Assigning Role Syntax {#assign-role-syntax} ``` sql GRANT [ON CLUSTER cluster_name] role [,...] TO {user | another_role | CURRENT_USER} [,...] [WITH ADMIN OPTION] ``` - `role` — ClickHouse user role. - `user` — ClickHouse user account. The `WITH ADMIN OPTION` clause grants [ADMIN OPTION](#admin-option-privilege) privilege to `user` or `role`. ## Usage {#grant-usage} To use `GRANT`, your account must have the `GRANT OPTION` privilege. You can grant privileges only inside the scope of your account privileges. For example, administrator has granted privileges to the `john` account by the query: ``` sql GRANT SELECT(x,y) ON db.table TO john WITH GRANT OPTION ``` It means that `john` has the permission to execute: - `SELECT x,y FROM db.table`. - `SELECT x FROM db.table`. - `SELECT y FROM db.table`. `john` can’t execute `SELECT z FROM db.table`. The `SELECT * FROM db.table` also is not available. Processing this query, ClickHouse doesn’t return any data, even `x` and `y`. The only exception is if a table contains only `x` and `y` columns. In this case ClickHouse returns all the data. Also `john` has the `GRANT OPTION` privilege, so it can grant other users with privileges of the same or smaller scope. Specifying privileges you can use asterisk (`*`) instead of a table or a database name. For example, the `GRANT SELECT ON db.* TO john` query allows `john` to execute the `SELECT` query over all the tables in `db` database. Also, you can omit database name. In this case privileges are granted for current database. For example, `GRANT SELECT ON * TO john` grants the privilege on all the tables in the current database, `GRANT SELECT ON mytable TO john` grants the privilege on the `mytable` table in the current database. Access to the `system` database is always allowed (since this database is used for processing queries). You can grant multiple privileges to multiple accounts in one query. The query `GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON *.* TO john, robin` allows accounts `john` and `robin` to execute the `INSERT` and `SELECT` queries over all the tables in all the databases on the server. ## Privileges {#grant-privileges} Privilege is a permission to execute specific kind of queries. Privileges have a hierarchical structure. A set of permitted queries depends on the privilege scope. Hierarchy of privileges: - [SELECT](#grant-select) - [INSERT](#grant-insert) - [ALTER](#grant-alter) - `ALTER TABLE` - `ALTER UPDATE` - `ALTER DELETE` - `ALTER COLUMN` - `ALTER ADD COLUMN` - `ALTER DROP COLUMN` - `ALTER MODIFY COLUMN` - `ALTER COMMENT COLUMN` - `ALTER CLEAR COLUMN` - `ALTER RENAME COLUMN` - `ALTER INDEX` - `ALTER ORDER BY` - `ALTER SAMPLE BY` - `ALTER ADD INDEX` - `ALTER DROP INDEX` - `ALTER MATERIALIZE INDEX` - `ALTER CLEAR INDEX` - `ALTER CONSTRAINT` - `ALTER ADD CONSTRAINT` - `ALTER DROP CONSTRAINT` - `ALTER TTL` - `ALTER MATERIALIZE TTL` - `ALTER SETTINGS` - `ALTER MOVE PARTITION` - `ALTER FETCH PARTITION` - `ALTER FREEZE PARTITION` - `ALTER VIEW` - `ALTER VIEW REFRESH` - `ALTER VIEW MODIFY QUERY` - [CREATE](#grant-create) - `CREATE DATABASE` - `CREATE TABLE` - `CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE` - `CREATE VIEW` - `CREATE DICTIONARY` - [DROP](#grant-drop) - `DROP DATABASE` - `DROP TABLE` - `DROP VIEW` - `DROP DICTIONARY` - [TRUNCATE](#grant-truncate) - [OPTIMIZE](#grant-optimize) - [SHOW](#grant-show) - `SHOW DATABASES` - `SHOW TABLES` - `SHOW COLUMNS` - `SHOW DICTIONARIES` - [KILL QUERY](#grant-kill-query) - [ACCESS MANAGEMENT](#grant-access-management) - `CREATE USER` - `ALTER USER` - `DROP USER` - `CREATE ROLE` - `ALTER ROLE` - `DROP ROLE` - `CREATE ROW POLICY` - `ALTER ROW POLICY` - `DROP ROW POLICY` - `CREATE QUOTA` - `ALTER QUOTA` - `DROP QUOTA` - `CREATE SETTINGS PROFILE` - `ALTER SETTINGS PROFILE` - `DROP SETTINGS PROFILE` - `SHOW ACCESS` - `SHOW_USERS` - `SHOW_ROLES` - `SHOW_ROW_POLICIES` - `SHOW_QUOTAS` - `SHOW_SETTINGS_PROFILES` - `ROLE ADMIN` - [SYSTEM](#grant-system) - `SYSTEM SHUTDOWN` - `SYSTEM DROP CACHE` - `SYSTEM DROP DNS CACHE` - `SYSTEM DROP MARK CACHE` - `SYSTEM DROP UNCOMPRESSED CACHE` - `SYSTEM RELOAD` - `SYSTEM RELOAD CONFIG` - `SYSTEM RELOAD DICTIONARY` - `SYSTEM RELOAD EMBEDDED DICTIONARIES` - `SYSTEM MERGES` - `SYSTEM TTL MERGES` - `SYSTEM FETCHES` - `SYSTEM MOVES` - `SYSTEM SENDS` - `SYSTEM DISTRIBUTED SENDS` - `SYSTEM REPLICATED SENDS` - `SYSTEM REPLICATION QUEUES` - `SYSTEM SYNC REPLICA` - `SYSTEM RESTART REPLICA` - `SYSTEM FLUSH` - `SYSTEM FLUSH DISTRIBUTED` - `SYSTEM FLUSH LOGS` - [INTROSPECTION](#grant-introspection) - `addressToLine` - `addressToSymbol` - `demangle` - [SOURCES](#grant-sources) - `FILE` - `URL` - `REMOTE` - `YSQL` - `ODBC` - `JDBC` - `HDFS` - `S3` - [dictGet](#grant-dictget) Examples of how this hierarchy is treated: - The `ALTER` privilege includes all other `ALTER*` privileges. - `ALTER CONSTRAINT` includes `ALTER ADD CONSTRAINT` and `ALTER DROP CONSTRAINT` privileges. Privileges are applied at different levels. Knowing of a level suggests syntax available for privilege. Levels (from lower to higher): - `COLUMN` — Privilege can be granted for column, table, database, or globally. - `TABLE` — Privilege can be granted for table, database, or globally. - `VIEW` — Privilege can be granted for view, database, or globally. - `DICTIONARY` — Privilege can be granted for dictionary, database, or globally. - `DATABASE` — Privilege can be granted for database or globally. - `GLOBAL` — Privilege can be granted only globally. - `GROUP` — Groups privileges of different levels. When `GROUP`-level privilege is granted, only that privileges from the group are granted which correspond to the used syntax. Examples of allowed syntax: - `GRANT SELECT(x) ON db.table TO user` - `GRANT SELECT ON db.* TO user` Examples of disallowed syntax: - `GRANT CREATE USER(x) ON db.table TO user` - `GRANT CREATE USER ON db.* TO user` The special privilege [ALL](#grant-all) grants all the privileges to a user account or a role. By default, a user account or a role has no privileges. If a user or a role has no privileges, it is displayed as [NONE](#grant-none) privilege. Some queries by their implementation require a set of privileges. For example, to execute the [RENAME](../../sql-reference/statements/misc.md#misc_operations-rename) query you need the following privileges: `SELECT`, `CREATE TABLE`, `INSERT` and `DROP TABLE`. ### SELECT {#grant-select} Allows executing [SELECT](../../sql-reference/statements/select/index.md) queries. Privilege level: `COLUMN`. **Description** User granted with this privilege can execute `SELECT` queries over a specified list of columns in the specified table and database. If user includes other columns then specified a query returns no data. Consider the following privilege: ``` sql GRANT SELECT(x,y) ON db.table TO john ``` This privilege allows `john` to execute any `SELECT` query that involves data from the `x` and/or `y` columns in `db.table`, for example, `SELECT x FROM db.table`. `john` can’t execute `SELECT z FROM db.table`. The `SELECT * FROM db.table` also is not available. Processing this query, ClickHouse doesn’t return any data, even `x` and `y`. The only exception is if a table contains only `x` and `y` columns, in this case ClickHouse returns all the data. ### INSERT {#grant-insert} Allows executing [INSERT](../../sql-reference/statements/insert-into.md) queries. Privilege level: `COLUMN`. **Description** User granted with this privilege can execute `INSERT` queries over a specified list of columns in the specified table and database. If user includes other columns then specified a query doesn’t insert any data. **Example** ``` sql GRANT INSERT(x,y) ON db.table TO john ``` The granted privilege allows `john` to insert data to the `x` and/or `y` columns in `db.table`. ### ALTER {#grant-alter} Allows executing [ALTER](../../sql-reference/statements/alter/index.md) queries according to the following hierarchy of privileges: - `ALTER`. Level: `COLUMN`. - `ALTER TABLE`. Level: `GROUP` - `ALTER UPDATE`. Level: `COLUMN`. Aliases: `UPDATE` - `ALTER DELETE`. Level: `COLUMN`. Aliases: `DELETE` - `ALTER COLUMN`. Level: `GROUP` - `ALTER ADD COLUMN`. Level: `COLUMN`. Aliases: `ADD COLUMN` - `ALTER DROP COLUMN`. Level: `COLUMN`. Aliases: `DROP COLUMN` - `ALTER MODIFY COLUMN`. Level: `COLUMN`. Aliases: `MODIFY COLUMN` - `ALTER COMMENT COLUMN`. Level: `COLUMN`. Aliases: `COMMENT COLUMN` - `ALTER CLEAR COLUMN`. Level: `COLUMN`. Aliases: `CLEAR COLUMN` - `ALTER RENAME COLUMN`. Level: `COLUMN`. Aliases: `RENAME COLUMN` - `ALTER INDEX`. Level: `GROUP`. Aliases: `INDEX` - `ALTER ORDER BY`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `ALTER MODIFY ORDER BY`, `MODIFY ORDER BY` - `ALTER SAMPLE BY`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `ALTER MODIFY SAMPLE BY`, `MODIFY SAMPLE BY` - `ALTER ADD INDEX`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `ADD INDEX` - `ALTER DROP INDEX`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `DROP INDEX` - `ALTER MATERIALIZE INDEX`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `MATERIALIZE INDEX` - `ALTER CLEAR INDEX`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `CLEAR INDEX` - `ALTER CONSTRAINT`. Level: `GROUP`. Aliases: `CONSTRAINT` - `ALTER ADD CONSTRAINT`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `ADD CONSTRAINT` - `ALTER DROP CONSTRAINT`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `DROP CONSTRAINT` - `ALTER TTL`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `ALTER MODIFY TTL`, `MODIFY TTL` - `ALTER MATERIALIZE TTL`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `MATERIALIZE TTL` - `ALTER SETTINGS`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `ALTER SETTING`, `ALTER MODIFY SETTING`, `MODIFY SETTING` - `ALTER MOVE PARTITION`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `ALTER MOVE PART`, `MOVE PARTITION`, `MOVE PART` - `ALTER FETCH PARTITION`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `ALTER FETCH PART`, `FETCH PARTITION`, `FETCH PART` - `ALTER FREEZE PARTITION`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `FREEZE PARTITION` - `ALTER VIEW` Level: `GROUP` - `ALTER VIEW REFRESH`. Level: `VIEW`. Aliases: `ALTER LIVE VIEW REFRESH`, `REFRESH VIEW` - `ALTER VIEW MODIFY QUERY`. Level: `VIEW`. Aliases: `ALTER TABLE MODIFY QUERY` Examples of how this hierarchy is treated: - The `ALTER` privilege includes all other `ALTER*` privileges. - `ALTER CONSTRAINT` includes `ALTER ADD CONSTRAINT` and `ALTER DROP CONSTRAINT` privileges. **Notes** - The `MODIFY SETTING` privilege allows modifying table engine settings. It doesn’t affect settings or server configuration parameters. - The `ATTACH` operation needs the [CREATE](#grant-create) privilege. - The `DETACH` operation needs the [DROP](#grant-drop) privilege. - To stop mutation by the [KILL MUTATION](../../sql-reference/statements/misc.md#kill-mutation) query, you need to have a privilege to start this mutation. For example, if you want to stop the `ALTER UPDATE` query, you need the `ALTER UPDATE`, `ALTER TABLE`, or `ALTER` privilege. ### CREATE {#grant-create} Allows executing [CREATE](../../sql-reference/statements/create/index.md) and [ATTACH](../../sql-reference/statements/misc.md#attach) DDL-queries according to the following hierarchy of privileges: - `CREATE`. Level: `GROUP` - `CREATE DATABASE`. Level: `DATABASE` - `CREATE TABLE`. Level: `TABLE` - `CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `CREATE VIEW`. Level: `VIEW` - `CREATE DICTIONARY`. Level: `DICTIONARY` **Notes** - To delete the created table, a user needs [DROP](#grant-drop). ### DROP {#grant-drop} Allows executing [DROP](../../sql-reference/statements/misc.md#drop) and [DETACH](../../sql-reference/statements/misc.md#detach) queries according to the following hierarchy of privileges: - `DROP`. Level: `GROUP` - `DROP DATABASE`. Level: `DATABASE` - `DROP TABLE`. Level: `TABLE` - `DROP VIEW`. Level: `VIEW` - `DROP DICTIONARY`. Level: `DICTIONARY` ### TRUNCATE {#grant-truncate} Allows executing [TRUNCATE](../../sql-reference/statements/misc.md#truncate-statement) queries. Privilege level: `TABLE`. ### OPTIMIZE {#grant-optimize} Allows executing [OPTIMIZE TABLE](../../sql-reference/statements/misc.md#misc_operations-optimize) queries. Privilege level: `TABLE`. ### SHOW {#grant-show} Allows executing `SHOW`, `DESCRIBE`, `USE`, and `EXISTS` queries according to the following hierarchy of privileges: - `SHOW`. Level: `GROUP` - `SHOW DATABASES`. Level: `DATABASE`. Allows to execute `SHOW DATABASES`, `SHOW CREATE DATABASE`, `USE ` queries. - `SHOW TABLES`. Level: `TABLE`. Allows to execute `SHOW TABLES`, `EXISTS `, `CHECK
` queries. - `SHOW COLUMNS`. Level: `COLUMN`. Allows to execute `SHOW CREATE TABLE`, `DESCRIBE` queries. - `SHOW DICTIONARIES`. Level: `DICTIONARY`. Allows to execute `SHOW DICTIONARIES`, `SHOW CREATE DICTIONARY`, `EXISTS ` queries. **Notes** A user has the `SHOW` privilege if it has any other privilege concerning the specified table, dictionary or database. ### KILL QUERY {#grant-kill-query} Allows executing [KILL](../../sql-reference/statements/misc.md#kill-query-statement) queries according to the following hierarchy of privileges: Privilege level: `GLOBAL`. **Notes** `KILL QUERY` privilege allows one user to kill queries of other users. ### ACCESS MANAGEMENT {#grant-access-management} Allows a user to execute queries that manage users, roles and row policies. - `ACCESS MANAGEMENT`. Level: `GROUP` - `CREATE USER`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `ALTER USER`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `DROP USER`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `CREATE ROLE`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `ALTER ROLE`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `DROP ROLE`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `ROLE ADMIN`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `CREATE ROW POLICY`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `CREATE POLICY` - `ALTER ROW POLICY`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `ALTER POLICY` - `DROP ROW POLICY`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `DROP POLICY` - `CREATE QUOTA`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `ALTER QUOTA`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `DROP QUOTA`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `CREATE SETTINGS PROFILE`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `CREATE PROFILE` - `ALTER SETTINGS PROFILE`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `ALTER PROFILE` - `DROP SETTINGS PROFILE`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `DROP PROFILE` - `SHOW ACCESS`. Level: `GROUP` - `SHOW_USERS`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `SHOW CREATE USER` - `SHOW_ROLES`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `SHOW CREATE ROLE` - `SHOW_ROW_POLICIES`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `SHOW POLICIES`, `SHOW CREATE ROW POLICY`, `SHOW CREATE POLICY` - `SHOW_QUOTAS`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `SHOW CREATE QUOTA` - `SHOW_SETTINGS_PROFILES`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `SHOW PROFILES`, `SHOW CREATE SETTINGS PROFILE`, `SHOW CREATE PROFILE` The `ROLE ADMIN` privilege allows a user to assign and revoke any roles including those which are not assigned to the user with the admin option. ### SYSTEM {#grant-system} Allows a user to execute [SYSTEM](../../sql-reference/statements/system.md) queries according to the following hierarchy of privileges. - `SYSTEM`. Level: `GROUP` - `SYSTEM SHUTDOWN`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `SYSTEM KILL`, `SHUTDOWN` - `SYSTEM DROP CACHE`. Aliases: `DROP CACHE` - `SYSTEM DROP DNS CACHE`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `SYSTEM DROP DNS`, `DROP DNS CACHE`, `DROP DNS` - `SYSTEM DROP MARK CACHE`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `SYSTEM DROP MARK`, `DROP MARK CACHE`, `DROP MARKS` - `SYSTEM DROP UNCOMPRESSED CACHE`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `SYSTEM DROP UNCOMPRESSED`, `DROP UNCOMPRESSED CACHE`, `DROP UNCOMPRESSED` - `SYSTEM RELOAD`. Level: `GROUP` - `SYSTEM RELOAD CONFIG`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `RELOAD CONFIG` - `SYSTEM RELOAD DICTIONARY`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `SYSTEM RELOAD DICTIONARIES`, `RELOAD DICTIONARY`, `RELOAD DICTIONARIES` - `SYSTEM RELOAD EMBEDDED DICTIONARIES`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `RELOAD EMBEDDED DICTIONARIES` - `SYSTEM MERGES`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `SYSTEM STOP MERGES`, `SYSTEM START MERGES`, `STOP MERGES`, `START MERGES` - `SYSTEM TTL MERGES`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `SYSTEM STOP TTL MERGES`, `SYSTEM START TTL MERGES`, `STOP TTL MERGES`, `START TTL MERGES` - `SYSTEM FETCHES`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `SYSTEM STOP FETCHES`, `SYSTEM START FETCHES`, `STOP FETCHES`, `START FETCHES` - `SYSTEM MOVES`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `SYSTEM STOP MOVES`, `SYSTEM START MOVES`, `STOP MOVES`, `START MOVES` - `SYSTEM SENDS`. Level: `GROUP`. Aliases: `SYSTEM STOP SENDS`, `SYSTEM START SENDS`, `STOP SENDS`, `START SENDS` - `SYSTEM DISTRIBUTED SENDS`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `SYSTEM STOP DISTRIBUTED SENDS`, `SYSTEM START DISTRIBUTED SENDS`, `STOP DISTRIBUTED SENDS`, `START DISTRIBUTED SENDS` - `SYSTEM REPLICATED SENDS`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `SYSTEM STOP REPLICATED SENDS`, `SYSTEM START REPLICATED SENDS`, `STOP REPLICATED SENDS`, `START REPLICATED SENDS` - `SYSTEM REPLICATION QUEUES`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `SYSTEM STOP REPLICATION QUEUES`, `SYSTEM START REPLICATION QUEUES`, `STOP REPLICATION QUEUES`, `START REPLICATION QUEUES` - `SYSTEM SYNC REPLICA`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `SYNC REPLICA` - `SYSTEM RESTART REPLICA`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `RESTART REPLICA` - `SYSTEM FLUSH`. Level: `GROUP` - `SYSTEM FLUSH DISTRIBUTED`. Level: `TABLE`. Aliases: `FLUSH DISTRIBUTED` - `SYSTEM FLUSH LOGS`. Level: `GLOBAL`. Aliases: `FLUSH LOGS` The `SYSTEM RELOAD EMBEDDED DICTIONARIES` privilege implicitly granted by the `SYSTEM RELOAD DICTIONARY ON *.*` privilege. ### INTROSPECTION {#grant-introspection} Allows using [introspection](../../operations/optimizing-performance/sampling-query-profiler.md) functions. - `INTROSPECTION`. Level: `GROUP`. Aliases: `INTROSPECTION FUNCTIONS` - `addressToLine`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `addressToSymbol`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `demangle`. Level: `GLOBAL` ### SOURCES {#grant-sources} Allows using external data sources. Applies to [table engines](../../engines/table-engines/index.md) and [table functions](../../sql-reference/table-functions/index.md#table-functions). - `SOURCES`. Level: `GROUP` - `FILE`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `URL`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `REMOTE`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `YSQL`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `ODBC`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `JDBC`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `HDFS`. Level: `GLOBAL` - `S3`. Level: `GLOBAL` The `SOURCES` privilege enables use of all the sources. Also you can grant a privilege for each source individually. To use sources, you need additional privileges. Examples: - To create a table with the [MySQL table engine](../../engines/table-engines/integrations/mysql.md), you need `CREATE TABLE (ON db.table_name)` and `MYSQL` privileges. - To use the [mysql table function](../../sql-reference/table-functions/mysql.md), you need `CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE` and `MYSQL` privileges. ### dictGet {#grant-dictget} - `dictGet`. Aliases: `dictHas`, `dictGetHierarchy`, `dictIsIn` Allows a user to execute [dictGet](../../sql-reference/functions/ext-dict-functions.md#dictget), [dictHas](../../sql-reference/functions/ext-dict-functions.md#dicthas), [dictGetHierarchy](../../sql-reference/functions/ext-dict-functions.md#dictgethierarchy), [dictIsIn](../../sql-reference/functions/ext-dict-functions.md#dictisin) functions. Privilege level: `DICTIONARY`. **Examples** - `GRANT dictGet ON mydb.mydictionary TO john` - `GRANT dictGet ON mydictionary TO john` ### ALL {#grant-all} Grants all the privileges on regulated entity to a user account or a role. ### NONE {#grant-none} Doesn’t grant any privileges. ### ADMIN OPTION {#admin-option-privilege} The `ADMIN OPTION` privilege allows a user to grant their role to another user.