# IP函数 ## IPv4NumToString(num) 接受一个UInt32(大端)表示的IPv4的地址,返回相应IPv4的字符串表现形式,格式为A.B.C.D(以点分割的十进制数字)。 ## IPv4StringToNum(s) 与IPv4NumToString函数相反。如果IPv4地址格式无效,则返回0。 ## IPv4NumToStringClassC(num) 与IPv4NumToString类似,但使用xxx替换最后一个字节。 示例: ``` sql SELECT IPv4NumToStringClassC(ClientIP) AS k, count() AS c FROM test.hits GROUP BY k ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 10 ``` ``` ┌─k──────────────┬─────c─┐ │ 83.149.9.xxx │ 26238 │ │ 217.118.81.xxx │ 26074 │ │ 213.87.129.xxx │ 25481 │ │ 83.149.8.xxx │ 24984 │ │ 217.118.83.xxx │ 22797 │ │ 78.25.120.xxx │ 22354 │ │ 213.87.131.xxx │ 21285 │ │ 78.25.121.xxx │ 20887 │ │ 188.162.65.xxx │ 19694 │ │ 83.149.48.xxx │ 17406 │ └────────────────┴───────┘ ``` 由于使用'xxx'是不规范的,因此将来可能会更改。我们建议您不要依赖此格式。 ### IPv6NumToString(x) 接受FixedString(16)类型的二进制格式的IPv6地址。以文本格式返回此地址的字符串。 IPv6映射的IPv4地址以::ffff:111.222.33。例如: ``` sql SELECT IPv6NumToString(toFixedString(unhex('2A0206B8000000000000000000000011'), 16)) AS addr ``` ``` ┌─addr─────────┐ │ 2a02:6b8::11 │ └──────────────┘ ``` ``` sql SELECT IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6 AS k), count() AS c FROM hits_all WHERE EventDate = today() AND substring(ClientIP6, 1, 12) != unhex('00000000000000000000FFFF') GROUP BY k ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 10 ``` ``` ┌─IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6)──────────────┬─────c─┐ │ 2a02:2168:aaa:bbbb::2 │ 24695 │ │ 2a02:2698:abcd:abcd:abcd:abcd:8888:5555 │ 22408 │ │ 2a02:6b8:0:fff::ff │ 16389 │ │ 2a01:4f8:111:6666::2 │ 16016 │ │ 2a02:2168:888:222::1 │ 15896 │ │ 2a01:7e00::ffff:ffff:ffff:222 │ 14774 │ │ 2a02:8109:eee:ee:eeee:eeee:eeee:eeee │ 14443 │ │ 2a02:810b:8888:888:8888:8888:8888:8888 │ 14345 │ │ 2a02:6b8:0:444:4444:4444:4444:4444 │ 14279 │ │ 2a01:7e00::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff │ 13880 │ └─────────────────────────────────────────┴───────┘ ``` ``` sql SELECT IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6 AS k), count() AS c FROM hits_all WHERE EventDate = today() GROUP BY k ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 10 ``` ``` ┌─IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6)─┬──────c─┐ │ ::ffff:94.26.111.111 │ 747440 │ │ ::ffff:37.143.222.4 │ 529483 │ │ ::ffff:5.166.111.99 │ 317707 │ │ ::ffff:46.38.11.77 │ 263086 │ │ ::ffff:79.105.111.111 │ 186611 │ │ ::ffff:93.92.111.88 │ 176773 │ │ ::ffff:84.53.111.33 │ 158709 │ │ ::ffff:217.118.11.22 │ 154004 │ │ ::ffff:217.118.11.33 │ 148449 │ │ ::ffff:217.118.11.44 │ 148243 │ └────────────────────────────┴────────┘ ``` ## IPv6StringToNum(s) 与IPv6NumToString的相反。如果IPv6地址格式无效,则返回空字节字符串。 十六进制可以是大写的或小写的。 ## IPv4ToIPv6(x) 接受一个UInt32类型的IPv4地址,返回FixedString(16)类型的IPv6地址。例如: ``` sql SELECT IPv6NumToString(IPv4ToIPv6(IPv4StringToNum('192.168.0.1'))) AS addr ``` ``` ┌─addr───────────────┐ │ ::ffff:192.168.0.1 │ └────────────────────┘ ``` ## cutIPv6(x, bitsToCutForIPv6, bitsToCutForIPv4) 接受一个FixedString(16)类型的IPv6地址,返回一个String,这个String中包含了删除指定位之后的地址的文本格式。例如: ```sql WITH IPv6StringToNum('2001:0DB8:AC10:FE01:FEED:BABE:CAFE:F00D') AS ipv6, IPv4ToIPv6(IPv4StringToNum('192.168.0.1')) AS ipv4 SELECT cutIPv6(ipv6, 2, 0), cutIPv6(ipv4, 0, 2) ``` ``` ┌─cutIPv6(ipv6, 2, 0)─────────────────┬─cutIPv6(ipv4, 0, 2)─┐ │ 2001:db8:ac10:fe01:feed:babe:cafe:0 │ ::ffff:192.168.0.0 │ └─────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘ ``` ## IPv4CIDRtoIPv4Range(ipv4, cidr), 接受一个IPv4地址以及一个UInt8类型的CIDR。返回包含子网最低范围以及最高范围的元组。 ```sql SELECT IPv4CIDRtoIPv4Range(toIPv4('192.168.5.2'), 16) ``` ``` ┌─IPv4CIDRtoIPv4Range(toIPv4('192.168.5.2'), 16)─┐ │ ('192.168.0.0','192.168.255.255') │ └────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ``` ## IPv6CIDRtoIPv6Range(ipv6, cidr), 接受一个IPv6地址以及一个UInt8类型的CIDR。返回包含子网最低范围以及最高范围的元组。 ```sql SELECT IPv6CIDRtoIPv6Range(toIPv6('2001:0db8:0000:85a3:0000:0000:ac1f:8001'), 32); ``` ``` ┌─IPv6CIDRtoIPv6Range(toIPv6('2001:0db8:0000:85a3:0000:0000:ac1f:8001'), 32)─┐ │ ('2001:db8::','2001:db8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff') │ └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ``` ## toIPv4(string) `IPv4StringToNum()`的别名,它采用字符串形式的IPv4地址并返回[IPv4](../../data_types/domains/ipv4.md)类型的值,该二进制值等于`IPv4StringToNum()`返回的值。 ``` sql WITH '171.225.130.45' as IPv4_string SELECT toTypeName(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string)), toTypeName(toIPv4(IPv4_string)) ``` ``` ┌─toTypeName(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string))─┬─toTypeName(toIPv4(IPv4_string))─┐ │ UInt32 │ IPv4 │ └──────────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────┘ ``` ``` sql WITH '171.225.130.45' as IPv4_string SELECT hex(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string)), hex(toIPv4(IPv4_string)) ``` ``` ┌─hex(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string))─┬─hex(toIPv4(IPv4_string))─┐ │ ABE1822D │ ABE1822D │ └───────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘ ``` ## toIPv6(string) `IPv6StringToNum()`的别名,它采用字符串形式的IPv6地址并返回[IPv6](../../data_types/domains/ipv6.md)类型的值,该二进制值等于`IPv6StringToNum()`返回的值。 ``` sql WITH '2001:438:ffff::407d:1bc1' as IPv6_string SELECT toTypeName(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string)), toTypeName(toIPv6(IPv6_string)) ``` ``` ┌─toTypeName(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string))─┬─toTypeName(toIPv6(IPv6_string))─┐ │ FixedString(16) │ IPv6 │ └──────────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────┘ ``` ``` sql WITH '2001:438:ffff::407d:1bc1' as IPv6_string SELECT hex(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string)), hex(toIPv6(IPv6_string)) ``` ``` ┌─hex(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string))─┬─hex(toIPv6(IPv6_string))─────────┐ │ 20010438FFFF000000000000407D1BC1 │ 20010438FFFF000000000000407D1BC1 │ └───────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┘ ``` [来源文章](https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/query_language/functions/ip_address_functions/)