-- { echoOn } SELECT 'Union constants'; Union constants SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1; 1 1 SELECT '--'; -- SELECT 1 UNION DISTINCT SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1; 1 1 SELECT '--'; -- SELECT 1 INTERSECT SELECT 1; 1 SELECT '--'; -- SELECT 1 EXCEPT SELECT 1; SELECT '--'; -- SELECT id FROM (SELECT 1 AS id UNION ALL SELECT 1); 1 1 SELECT 'Union non constants'; Union non constants SELECT value FROM (SELECT 1 as value UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1); 1 1 1 SELECT '--'; -- SELECT id FROM test_table UNION ALL SELECT id FROM test_table; 0 0 SELECT '--'; -- SELECT id FROM test_table UNION DISTINCT SELECT id FROM test_table; 0 SELECT '--'; -- SELECT id FROM test_table INTERSECT SELECT id FROM test_table; 0 SELECT '--'; -- SELECT id FROM test_table EXCEPT SELECT id FROM test_table; SELECT '--'; -- SELECT id FROM (SELECT id FROM test_table UNION ALL SELECT id FROM test_table); 0 0 SELECT '--'; -- SELECT id FROM (SELECT id FROM test_table UNION DISTINCT SELECT id FROM test_table); 0 SELECT '--'; -- SELECT id FROM (SELECT id FROM test_table INTERSECT SELECT id FROM test_table); 0 SELECT '--'; -- SELECT id FROM (SELECT id FROM test_table EXCEPT SELECT id FROM test_table);