ClickHouse/docs/zh/query_language/insert_into.md
Ivan Blinkov 16ca492938
WIP on docs (#3813)
* CLICKHOUSE-4063: less manual html @ index.md

* CLICKHOUSE-4063: recommend markdown="1" in README.md

* CLICKHOUSE-4003: manually purge custom.css for now

* CLICKHOUSE-4064: expand <details> before any print (including to pdf)

* CLICKHOUSE-3927: rearrange interfaces/formats.md a bit

* CLICKHOUSE-3306: add few http headers

* Remove copy-paste introduced in #3392

* Hopefully better chinese fonts #3392

* get rid of tabs @ custom.css

* Apply comments and patch from #3384

* Add jdbc.md to ToC and some translation, though it still looks badly incomplete

* minor punctuation

* Add some backlinks to official website from mirrors that just blindly take markdown sources

* Do not make fonts extra light

* find . -name '*.md' -type f | xargs -I{} perl -pi -e 's//g' {}

* find . -name '*.md' -type f | xargs -I{} perl -pi -e 's/ sql/g' {}

* Remove outdated stuff from roadmap.md

* Not so light font on front page too

* Refactor Chinese formats.md to match recent changes in other languages

* Update some links on front page

* Remove some outdated comment

* Add twitter link to front page

* More front page links tuning

* Add Amsterdam meetup link

* Smaller font to avoid second line

* Add Amsterdam link to README.md

* Proper docs nav translation

* Back to 300 font-weight except Chinese

* fix docs build

* Update Amsterdam link

* remove symlinks

* more zh punctuation

* apply lost comment by @zhang2014

* Apply comments by @zhang2014 from #3417

* Remove Beijing link

* rm incorrect symlink

* restore content of docs/zh/operations/table_engines/index.md

* CLICKHOUSE-3751: stem terms while searching docs

* CLICKHOUSE-3751: use English stemmer in non-English docs too

* CLICKHOUSE-4135 fix

* Remove past meetup link

* Add blog link to top nav

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* Add form link to front page + refactor some texts

* couple markup fixes

* minor

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* More verbose 3rd party libs disclaimer

* Put third-party stuff into a separate folder

* Separate third-party stuff in ToC too

* Update links

* Move stuff that is not really (only) a client library into a separate page

* Add clickhouse-hdfs-loader link

* Some introduction for "interfaces" section

* Rewrite tcp.md

* http_interface.md -> http.md

* fix link

* Remove unconvenient error for now

* try to guess anchor instead of failing

* remove symlink

* Remove outdated info from introduction

* remove ru roadmap.md

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* Update roadmap.md

* lost file

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* Sync "Functions" ToC section with en

* Remove reference to pretty old ClickHouse release from docs

* couple lost symlinks in fa

* Close quote in proper place

* Rewrite en/getting_started/index.md

* Sync en<>ru getting_started/index.md

* minor changes

* Some gui.md refactoring

* Translate DataGrip section to ru

* Translate DataGrip section to zh

* Translate DataGrip section to fa

* Translate DBeaver section to fa

* Translate DBeaver section to zh

* Split third-party GUI to open-source and commercial

* Mention some RDBMS integrations + ad-hoc translation fixes

* Add rel="external nofollow" to outgoing links from docs

* Lost blank lines

* Fix class name

* More rel="external nofollow"

* Apply suggestions by @sundy-li

* Mobile version of front page improvements

* test

* test 2

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* Update LICENSE

* minor docs fix

* Highlight current article as suggested by @sundy-li

* fix link destination

* Introduce backup.md (only "en" for now)

* Mention INSERT+SELECT in backup.md

* Some improvements for replication.md

* Add backup.md to toc

* Mention clickhouse-backup tool

* Mention LightHouse in third-party GUI list

* Introduce interfaces/third-party/proxy.md

* Add clickhouse-bulk to proxy.md

* Major extension of integrations.md contents

* fix link target

* remove unneeded file

* better toc item name

* fix markdown

* better ru punctuation

* Add yet another possible backup approach

* Simplify copying permalinks to headers

* Support non-eng link anchors in docs + update some deps

* Generate anchors for single-page mode automatically

* Remove anchors to top of pages

* Remove anchors that nobody links to

* build fixes

* fix few links

* restore css

* fix some links

* restore gifs

* fix lost words

* more docs fixes

* docs fixes

* NULL anchor

* update urllib3 dependency

* more fixes
2018-12-12 20:28:00 +03:00

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INSERT

INSERT查询主要用于向系统中添加数据.

查询的基本格式:

INSERT INTO [db.]table [(c1, c2, c3)] VALUES (v11, v12, v13), (v21, v22, v23), ...

您可以在查询中指定插入的列的列表,如:[(c1, c2, c3)]。对于存在于表结构中但不存在于插入列表中的列,它们将会按照如下方式填充数据:

  • 如果存在DEFAULT表达式,根据DEFAULT表达式计算被填充的值。
  • 如果没有定义DEFAULT表达式,则填充零或空字符串。

如果strict_insert_defaults=1,你必须在查询中列出所有没有定义DEFAULT表达式的列。

数据可以以ClickHouse支持的任何输入输出格式传递给INSERT。格式的名称必须显示的指定在查询中

INSERT INTO [db.]table [(c1, c2, c3)] FORMAT format_name data_set

例如下面的查询所使用的输入格式就与上面INSERT ... VALUES的中使用的输入格式相同

INSERT INTO [db.]table [(c1, c2, c3)] FORMAT Values (v11, v12, v13), (v21, v22, v23), ...

ClickHouse会清除数据前所有的空白字符与一行摘要信息如果需要的话。所以在进行查询时我们建议您将数据放入到输入输出格式名称后的新的一行中去如果数据是以空白字符开始的这将非常重要

示例:

INSERT INTO t FORMAT TabSeparated
11  Hello, world!
22  Qwerty

在使用命令行客户端或HTTP客户端时你可以将具体的查询语句与数据分开发送。更多具体信息请参考“客户端”部分。

使用SELECT的结果写入

INSERT INTO [db.]table [(c1, c2, c3)] SELECT ...

写入与SELECT的列的对应关系是使用位置来进行对应的尽管它们在SELECT表达式与INSERT中的名称可能是不同的。如果需要会对它们执行对应的类型转换。

除了VALUES格式之外其他格式中的数据都不允许出现诸如now()1 + 2等表达式。VALUES格式允许您有限度的使用这些表达式但是不建议您这么做因为执行这些表达式总是低效的。

系统不支持的其他用于修改数据的查询:UPDATE, DELETE, REPLACE, MERGE, UPSERT, INSERT UPDATE。 但是,您可以使用 ALTER TABLE ... DROP PARTITION查询来删除一些旧的数据。

性能的注意事项

在进行INSERT时将会对写入的数据进行一些处理,按照主键排序,按照月份对数据进行分区等。所以如果在您的写入数据中包含多个月份的混合数据时,将会显著的降低INSERT的性能。为了避免这种情况:

  • 数据总是以尽量大的batch进行写入如每次写入100,000行。
  • 数据在写入ClickHouse前预先的对数据进行分组。

在以下的情况下,性能不会下降:

  • 数据总是被实时的写入。
  • 写入的数据已经按照时间排序。

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