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* split up select.md * array-join.md basic refactoring * distinct.md basic refactoring * format.md basic refactoring * from.md basic refactoring * group-by.md basic refactoring * having.md basic refactoring * additional index.md refactoring * into-outfile.md basic refactoring * join.md basic refactoring * limit.md basic refactoring * limit-by.md basic refactoring * order-by.md basic refactoring * prewhere.md basic refactoring * adjust operators/index.md links * adjust sample.md links * adjust more links * adjust operatots links * fix some links * adjust aggregate function article titles * basic refactor of remaining select clauses * absolute paths in make_links.sh * run make_links.sh * remove old select.md locations * translate docs/es * translate docs/fr * translate docs/fa * remove old operators.md location * change operators.md links * adjust links in docs/es * adjust links in docs/es * minor texts adjustments * wip * update machine translations to use new links * fix changelog * es build fixes * get rid of some select.md links * temporary adjust ru links * temporary adjust more ru links * improve curly brace handling * adjust ru as well * fa build fix * ru link fixes * zh link fixes * temporary disable part of anchor checks
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35 | ODBC |
ODBC
允许ClickHouse通过以下方式连接到外部数据库 ODBC.
为了安全地实现ODBC连接,ClickHouse使用单独的程序 clickhouse-odbc-bridge
. 如果直接从ODBC驱动程序加载 clickhouse-server
,驱动程序问题可能会导致ClickHouse服务器崩溃。 ClickHouse自动启动 clickhouse-odbc-bridge
当它是必需的。 ODBC桥程序是从相同的软件包作为安装 clickhouse-server
.
该引擎支持 可为空 数据类型。
创建表
CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster]
(
name1 [type1],
name2 [type2],
...
)
ENGINE = ODBC(connection_settings, external_database, external_table)
请参阅的详细说明 CREATE TABLE 查询。
表结构可以与源表结构不同:
- 列名应与源表中的列名相同,但您可以按任何顺序使用其中的一些列。
- 列类型可能与源表中的列类型不同。 ClickHouse尝试 投 ClickHouse数据类型的值。
发动机参数
connection_settings
— Name of the section with connection settings in theodbc.ini
文件external_database
— Name of a database in an external DBMS.external_table
— Name of a table in theexternal_database
.
用法示例
通过ODBC从本地MySQL安装中检索数据
此示例检查Ubuntu Linux18.04和MySQL服务器5.7。
确保安装了unixODBC和MySQL连接器。
默认情况下(如果从软件包安装),ClickHouse以用户身份启动 clickhouse
. 因此,您需要在MySQL服务器中创建和配置此用户。
$ sudo mysql
mysql> CREATE USER 'clickhouse'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'clickhouse';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'clickhouse'@'clickhouse' WITH GRANT OPTION;
然后配置连接 /etc/odbc.ini
.
$ cat /etc/odbc.ini
[mysqlconn]
DRIVER = /usr/local/lib/libmyodbc5w.so
SERVER = 127.0.0.1
PORT = 3306
DATABASE = test
USERNAME = clickhouse
PASSWORD = clickhouse
您可以使用 isql
unixodbc安装中的实用程序。
$ isql -v mysqlconn
+-------------------------+
| Connected! |
| |
...
MySQL中的表:
mysql> CREATE TABLE `test`.`test` (
-> `int_id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> `int_nullable` INT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
-> `float` FLOAT NOT NULL,
-> `float_nullable` FLOAT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY (`int_id`));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,09 sec)
mysql> insert into test (`int_id`, `float`) VALUES (1,2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0,00 sec)
mysql> select * from test;
+------+----------+-----+----------+
| int_id | int_nullable | float | float_nullable |
+------+----------+-----+----------+
| 1 | NULL | 2 | NULL |
+------+----------+-----+----------+
1 row in set (0,00 sec)
ClickHouse中的表,从MySQL表中检索数据:
CREATE TABLE odbc_t
(
`int_id` Int32,
`float_nullable` Nullable(Float32)
)
ENGINE = ODBC('DSN=mysqlconn', 'test', 'test')
SELECT * FROM odbc_t
┌─int_id─┬─float_nullable─┐
│ 1 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
└────────┴────────────────┘