ClickHouse/docs/en/sql-reference/functions/ip-address-functions.md
2020-06-19 13:16:08 +03:00

247 lines
9.3 KiB
Markdown
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

---
toc_priority: 55
toc_title: IP Addresses
---
# Functions for Working with IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses {#functions-for-working-with-ip-addresses}
## IPv4NumToString(num) {#ipv4numtostringnum}
Takes a UInt32 number. Interprets it as an IPv4 address in big endian. Returns a string containing the corresponding IPv4 address in the format A.B.C.d (dot-separated numbers in decimal form).
## IPv4StringToNum(s) {#ipv4stringtonums}
The reverse function of IPv4NumToString. If the IPv4 address has an invalid format, it returns 0.
## IPv4NumToStringClassC(num) {#ipv4numtostringclasscnum}
Similar to IPv4NumToString, but using xxx instead of the last octet.
Example:
``` sql
SELECT
IPv4NumToStringClassC(ClientIP) AS k,
count() AS c
FROM test.hits
GROUP BY k
ORDER BY c DESC
LIMIT 10
```
``` text
┌─k──────────────┬─────c─┐
│ 83.149.9.xxx │ 26238 │
│ 217.118.81.xxx │ 26074 │
│ 213.87.129.xxx │ 25481 │
│ 83.149.8.xxx │ 24984 │
│ 217.118.83.xxx │ 22797 │
│ 78.25.120.xxx │ 22354 │
│ 213.87.131.xxx │ 21285 │
│ 78.25.121.xxx │ 20887 │
│ 188.162.65.xxx │ 19694 │
│ 83.149.48.xxx │ 17406 │
└────────────────┴───────┘
```
Since using xxx is highly unusual, this may be changed in the future. We recommend that you dont rely on the exact format of this fragment.
### IPv6NumToString(x) {#ipv6numtostringx}
Accepts a FixedString(16) value containing the IPv6 address in binary format. Returns a string containing this address in text format.
IPv6-mapped IPv4 addresses are output in the format ::ffff:111.222.33.44. Examples:
``` sql
SELECT IPv6NumToString(toFixedString(unhex('2A0206B8000000000000000000000011'), 16)) AS addr
```
``` text
┌─addr─────────┐
│ 2a02:6b8::11 │
└──────────────┘
```
``` sql
SELECT
IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6 AS k),
count() AS c
FROM hits_all
WHERE EventDate = today() AND substring(ClientIP6, 1, 12) != unhex('00000000000000000000FFFF')
GROUP BY k
ORDER BY c DESC
LIMIT 10
```
``` text
┌─IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6)──────────────┬─────c─┐
│ 2a02:2168:aaa:bbbb::2 │ 24695 │
│ 2a02:2698:abcd:abcd:abcd:abcd:8888:5555 │ 22408 │
│ 2a02:6b8:0:fff::ff │ 16389 │
│ 2a01:4f8:111:6666::2 │ 16016 │
│ 2a02:2168:888:222::1 │ 15896 │
│ 2a01:7e00::ffff:ffff:ffff:222 │ 14774 │
│ 2a02:8109:eee:ee:eeee:eeee:eeee:eeee │ 14443 │
│ 2a02:810b:8888:888:8888:8888:8888:8888 │ 14345 │
│ 2a02:6b8:0:444:4444:4444:4444:4444 │ 14279 │
│ 2a01:7e00::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff │ 13880 │
└─────────────────────────────────────────┴───────┘
```
``` sql
SELECT
IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6 AS k),
count() AS c
FROM hits_all
WHERE EventDate = today()
GROUP BY k
ORDER BY c DESC
LIMIT 10
```
``` text
┌─IPv6NumToString(ClientIP6)─┬──────c─┐
│ ::ffff:94.26.111.111 │ 747440 │
│ ::ffff:37.143.222.4 │ 529483 │
│ ::ffff:5.166.111.99 │ 317707 │
│ ::ffff:46.38.11.77 │ 263086 │
│ ::ffff:79.105.111.111 │ 186611 │
│ ::ffff:93.92.111.88 │ 176773 │
│ ::ffff:84.53.111.33 │ 158709 │
│ ::ffff:217.118.11.22 │ 154004 │
│ ::ffff:217.118.11.33 │ 148449 │
│ ::ffff:217.118.11.44 │ 148243 │
└────────────────────────────┴────────┘
```
## IPv6StringToNum(s) {#ipv6stringtonums}
The reverse function of IPv6NumToString. If the IPv6 address has an invalid format, it returns a string of null bytes.
HEX can be uppercase or lowercase.
## IPv4ToIPv6(x) {#ipv4toipv6x}
Takes a `UInt32` number. Interprets it as an IPv4 address in [big endian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness). Returns a `FixedString(16)` value containing the IPv6 address in binary format. Examples:
``` sql
SELECT IPv6NumToString(IPv4ToIPv6(IPv4StringToNum('192.168.0.1'))) AS addr
```
``` text
┌─addr───────────────┐
│ ::ffff:192.168.0.1 │
└────────────────────┘
```
## cutIPv6(x, bytesToCutForIPv6, bytesToCutForIPv4) {#cutipv6x-bytestocutforipv6-bytestocutforipv4}
Accepts a FixedString(16) value containing the IPv6 address in binary format. Returns a string containing the address of the specified number of bytes removed in text format. For example:
``` sql
WITH
IPv6StringToNum('2001:0DB8:AC10:FE01:FEED:BABE:CAFE:F00D') AS ipv6,
IPv4ToIPv6(IPv4StringToNum('192.168.0.1')) AS ipv4
SELECT
cutIPv6(ipv6, 2, 0),
cutIPv6(ipv4, 0, 2)
```
``` text
┌─cutIPv6(ipv6, 2, 0)─────────────────┬─cutIPv6(ipv4, 0, 2)─┐
│ 2001:db8:ac10:fe01:feed:babe:cafe:0 │ ::ffff:192.168.0.0 │
└─────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
```
## IPv4CIDRToRange(ipv4, Cidr), {#ipv4cidrtorangeipv4-cidr}
Accepts an IPv4 and an UInt8 value containing the [CIDR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classless_Inter-Domain_Routing). Return a tuple with two IPv4 containing the lower range and the higher range of the subnet.
``` sql
SELECT IPv4CIDRToRange(toIPv4('192.168.5.2'), 16)
```
``` text
┌─IPv4CIDRToRange(toIPv4('192.168.5.2'), 16)─┐
│ ('192.168.0.0','192.168.255.255') │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
## IPv6CIDRToRange(ipv6, Cidr), {#ipv6cidrtorangeipv6-cidr}
Accepts an IPv6 and an UInt8 value containing the CIDR. Return a tuple with two IPv6 containing the lower range and the higher range of the subnet.
``` sql
SELECT IPv6CIDRToRange(toIPv6('2001:0db8:0000:85a3:0000:0000:ac1f:8001'), 32);
```
``` text
┌─IPv6CIDRToRange(toIPv6('2001:0db8:0000:85a3:0000:0000:ac1f:8001'), 32)─┐
│ ('2001:db8::','2001:db8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff') │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
## toIPv4(string) {#toipv4string}
An alias to `IPv4StringToNum()` that takes a string form of IPv4 address and returns value of [IPv4](../../sql-reference/data-types/domains/ipv4.md) type, which is binary equal to value returned by `IPv4StringToNum()`.
``` sql
WITH
'171.225.130.45' as IPv4_string
SELECT
toTypeName(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string)),
toTypeName(toIPv4(IPv4_string))
```
``` text
┌─toTypeName(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string))─┬─toTypeName(toIPv4(IPv4_string))─┐
│ UInt32 │ IPv4 │
└──────────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────┘
```
``` sql
WITH
'171.225.130.45' as IPv4_string
SELECT
hex(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string)),
hex(toIPv4(IPv4_string))
```
``` text
┌─hex(IPv4StringToNum(IPv4_string))─┬─hex(toIPv4(IPv4_string))─┐
│ ABE1822D │ ABE1822D │
└───────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘
```
## toIPv6(string) {#toipv6string}
An alias to `IPv6StringToNum()` that takes a string form of IPv6 address and returns value of [IPv6](../../sql-reference/data-types/domains/ipv6.md) type, which is binary equal to value returned by `IPv6StringToNum()`.
``` sql
WITH
'2001:438:ffff::407d:1bc1' as IPv6_string
SELECT
toTypeName(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string)),
toTypeName(toIPv6(IPv6_string))
```
``` text
┌─toTypeName(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string))─┬─toTypeName(toIPv6(IPv6_string))─┐
│ FixedString(16) │ IPv6 │
└──────────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────┘
```
``` sql
WITH
'2001:438:ffff::407d:1bc1' as IPv6_string
SELECT
hex(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string)),
hex(toIPv6(IPv6_string))
```
``` text
┌─hex(IPv6StringToNum(IPv6_string))─┬─hex(toIPv6(IPv6_string))─────────┐
│ 20010438FFFF000000000000407D1BC1 │ 20010438FFFF000000000000407D1BC1 │
└───────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
```
[Original article](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/query_language/functions/ip_address_functions/) <!--hide-->