ClickHouse/docs/zh/sql-reference/table-functions/mysql.md

110 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

# mysql {#mysql}
允许对存储在远程MySQL服务器上的数据执行`SELECT`和`INSERT`查询。
**语法**
``` sql
mysql('host:port', 'database', 'table', 'user', 'password'[, replace_query, 'on_duplicate_clause']);
```
**参数**
- `host:port` — MySQL服务器地址.
- `database` — 远程数据库名称.
- `table` — 远程表名称.
- `user` — MySQL用户.
- `password` — 用户密码.
- `replace_query` — 将INSERT INTO` 查询转换为 `REPLACE INTO`的标志。如果 `replace_query=1`,查询被替换。
- `on_duplicate_clause` — 添加 `ON DUPLICATE KEY on_duplicate_clause` 表达式到 `INSERT` 查询。明确规定只能使用 `replace_query = 0` 如果你同时设置replace_query = 1`和`on_duplicate_clause`ClickHouse将产生异常。
示例:`INSERT INTO t (c1,c2) VALUES ('a', 2) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c2 = c2 + 1`
`on_duplicate_clause`这里是`UPDATE c2 = c2 + 1`。请查阅MySQL文档来找到可以和`ON DUPLICATE KEY`一起使用的 `on_duplicate_clause`子句。
简单的 `WHERE` 子句如 `=, !=, >, >=, <, <=` 将即时在MySQL服务器上执行。其余的条件和 `LIMIT` 只有在对MySQL的查询完成后才会在ClickHouse中执行采样约束。
支持使用`|`并列进行多副本查询,示例如下:
```sql
SELECT name FROM mysql(`mysql{1|2|3}:3306`, 'mysql_database', 'mysql_table', 'user', 'password');
```
```sql
SELECT name FROM mysql(`mysql1:3306|mysql2:3306|mysql3:3306`, 'mysql_database', 'mysql_table', 'user', 'password');
```
**返回值**
与原始MySQL表具有相同列的表对象。
!!! note "注意"
在`INSERT`查询中为了区分`mysql(...)`与带有列名列表的表名的表函数,你必须使用关键字`FUNCTION`或`TABLE FUNCTION`。查看如下示例。
## 用法示例 {#usage-example}
MySQL中的表:
``` text
mysql> CREATE TABLE `test`.`test` (
-> `int_id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> `int_nullable` INT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
-> `float` FLOAT NOT NULL,
-> `float_nullable` FLOAT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY (`int_id`));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,09 sec)
mysql> insert into test (`int_id`, `float`) VALUES (1,2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0,00 sec)
mysql> select * from test;
+------+----------+-----+----------+
| int_id | int_nullable | float | float_nullable |
+------+----------+-----+----------+
| 1 | NULL | 2 | NULL |
+------+----------+-----+----------+
1 row in set (0,00 sec)
```
从ClickHouse中查询数据:
``` sql
SELECT * FROM mysql('localhost:3306', 'test', 'test', 'bayonet', '123')
```
``` text
┌─int_id─┬─int_nullable─┬─float─┬─float_nullable─┐
│ 1 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │ 2 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
└────────┴──────────────┴───────┴────────────────┘
```
替换和插入:
```sql
INSERT INTO FUNCTION mysql('localhost:3306', 'test', 'test', 'bayonet', '123', 1) (int_id, float) VALUES (1, 3);
INSERT INTO TABLE FUNCTION mysql('localhost:3306', 'test', 'test', 'bayonet', '123', 0, 'UPDATE int_id = int_id + 1') (int_id, float) VALUES (1, 4);
SELECT * FROM mysql('localhost:3306', 'test', 'test', 'bayonet', '123');
```
```text
┌─int_id─┬─float─┐
│ 1 │ 3 │
│ 2 │ 4 │
└────────┴───────┘
```
## 另请参阅 {#see-also}
- [MySQL 表引擎](../../engines/table-engines/integrations/mysql.md)
- [使用MySQL作为外部字典的来源](../../sql-reference/dictionaries/external-dictionaries/external-dicts-dict-sources.md#dicts-external_dicts_dict_sources-mysql)
[原始文章](https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/query_language/table_functions/mysql/) <!--hide-->