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83 lines
3.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
83 lines
3.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
AggregatingMergeTree
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This engine differs from ``MergeTree`` in that the merge combines the states of aggregate functions stored in the table for rows with the same primary key value.
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In order for this to work, it uses the AggregateFunction data type and the -State and -Merge modifiers for aggregate functions. Let's examine it more closely.
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There is an AggregateFunction data type, which is a parametric data type. As parameters, the name of the aggregate function is passed, then the types of its arguments.
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Examples:
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.. code-block:: sql
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CREATE TABLE t
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(
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column1 AggregateFunction(uniq, UInt64),
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column2 AggregateFunction(anyIf, String, UInt8),
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column3 AggregateFunction(quantiles(0.5, 0.9), UInt64)
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) ENGINE = ...
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This type of column stores the state of an aggregate function.
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To get this type of value, use aggregate functions with the 'State' suffix.
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Example: uniqState(UserID), quantilesState(0.5, 0.9)(SendTiming) - in contrast to the corresponding 'uniq' and 'quantiles' functions, these functions return the state, rather than the prepared value. In other words, they return an AggregateFunction type value.
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An AggregateFunction type value can't be output in Pretty formats. In other formats, these types of values are output as implementation-specific binary data. The AggregateFunction type values are not intended for output or saving in a dump.
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The only useful thing you can do with AggregateFunction type values is combine the states and get a result, which essentially means to finish aggregation. Aggregate functions with the 'Merge' suffix are used for this purpose.
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Example: uniqMerge(UserIDState), where UserIDState has the AggregateFunction type.
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In other words, an aggregate function with the 'Merge' suffix takes a set of states, combines them, and returns the result.
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As an example, these two queries return the same result:
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.. code-block:: sql
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SELECT uniq(UserID) FROM table
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SELECT uniqMerge(state) FROM (SELECT uniqState(UserID) AS state FROM table GROUP BY RegionID)
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There is an AggregatingMergeTree engine. Its job during a merge is to combine the states of aggregate functions from different table rows with the same primary key value.
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You can't use a normal INSERT to insert a row in a table containing AggregateFunction columns, because you can't explicitly define the AggregateFunction value. Instead, use INSERT SELECT with '-State' aggregate functions for inserting data.
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With SELECT from an AggregatingMergeTree table, use GROUP BY and aggregate functions with the '-Merge' modifier in order to complete data aggregation.
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You can use AggregatingMergeTree tables for incremental data aggregation, including for aggregated materialized views.
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Example:
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Creating a materialized AggregatingMergeTree view that tracks the 'test.visits' table:
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.. code-block:: sql
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CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW test.basic
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ENGINE = AggregatingMergeTree(StartDate, (CounterID, StartDate), 8192)
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AS SELECT
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CounterID,
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StartDate,
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sumState(Sign) AS Visits,
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uniqState(UserID) AS Users
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FROM test.visits
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GROUP BY CounterID, StartDate;
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Inserting data in the 'test.visits' table. Data will also be inserted in the view, where it will be aggregated:
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.. code-block:: sql
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INSERT INTO test.visits ...
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Performing SELECT from the view using GROUP BY to finish data aggregation:
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.. code-block:: sql
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SELECT
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StartDate,
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sumMerge(Visits) AS Visits,
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uniqMerge(Users) AS Users
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FROM test.basic
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GROUP BY StartDate
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ORDER BY StartDate;
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You can create a materialized view like this and assign a normal view to it that finishes data aggregation.
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Note that in most cases, using AggregatingMergeTree is not justified, since queries can be run efficiently enough on non-aggregated data.
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