ClickHouse/src/Interpreters/HashJoin.h
2022-07-06 15:11:23 +00:00

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#pragma once
#include <variant>
#include <optional>
#include <shared_mutex>
#include <deque>
#include <vector>
#include <Parsers/ASTTablesInSelectQuery.h>
#include <Interpreters/IJoin.h>
#include <Interpreters/AggregationCommon.h>
#include <Interpreters/RowRefs.h>
#include <Common/Arena.h>
#include <Common/ColumnsHashing.h>
#include <Common/HashTable/HashMap.h>
#include <Common/HashTable/FixedHashMap.h>
#include <Storages/TableLockHolder.h>
#include <Common/logger_useful.h>
#include <Columns/ColumnString.h>
#include <Columns/ColumnFixedString.h>
#include <QueryPipeline/SizeLimits.h>
#include <Core/Block.h>
#include <Storages/IStorage_fwd.h>
#include <Storages/IKVStorage.h>
namespace DB
{
class TableJoin;
class DictionaryReader;
namespace JoinStuff
{
/// Flags needed to implement RIGHT and FULL JOINs.
class JoinUsedFlags
{
using RawBlockPtr = const Block *;
using UsedFlagsForBlock = std::vector<std::atomic_bool>;
/// For multiple dijuncts each empty in hashmap stores flags for particular block
/// For single dicunct we store all flags in `nullptr` entry, index is the offset in FindResult
std::unordered_map<RawBlockPtr, UsedFlagsForBlock> flags;
bool need_flags;
public:
/// Update size for vector with flags.
/// Calling this method invalidates existing flags.
/// It can be called several times, but all of them should happen before using this structure.
template <ASTTableJoin::Kind KIND, ASTTableJoin::Strictness STRICTNESS>
void reinit(size_t size_);
template <ASTTableJoin::Kind KIND, ASTTableJoin::Strictness STRICTNESS>
void reinit(const Block * block_ptr);
bool getUsedSafe(size_t i) const;
bool getUsedSafe(const Block * block_ptr, size_t row_idx) const;
template <bool use_flags, bool multiple_disjuncts, typename T>
void setUsed(const T & f);
template <bool use_flags, bool multiple_disjunct>
void setUsed(const Block * block, size_t row_num, size_t offset);
template <bool use_flags, bool multiple_disjuncts, typename T>
bool getUsed(const T & f);
template <bool use_flags, bool multiple_disjuncts, typename T>
bool setUsedOnce(const T & f);
};
}
/** Data structure for implementation of JOIN.
* It is just a hash table: keys -> rows of joined ("right") table.
* Additionally, CROSS JOIN is supported: instead of hash table, it use just set of blocks without keys.
*
* JOIN-s could be of these types:
* - ALL × LEFT/INNER/RIGHT/FULL
* - ANY × LEFT/INNER/RIGHT
* - SEMI/ANTI x LEFT/RIGHT
* - ASOF x LEFT/INNER
* - CROSS
*
* ALL means usual JOIN, when rows are multiplied by number of matching rows from the "right" table.
* ANY uses one line per unique key from right table. For LEFT JOIN it would be any row (with needed joined key) from the right table,
* for RIGHT JOIN it would be any row from the left table and for INNER one it would be any row from right and any row from left.
* SEMI JOIN filter left table by keys that are present in right table for LEFT JOIN, and filter right table by keys from left table
* for RIGHT JOIN. In other words SEMI JOIN returns only rows which joining keys present in another table.
* ANTI JOIN is the same as SEMI JOIN but returns rows with joining keys that are NOT present in another table.
* SEMI/ANTI JOINs allow to get values from both tables. For filter table it gets any row with joining same key. For ANTI JOIN it returns
* defaults other table columns.
* ASOF JOIN is not-equi join. For one key column it finds nearest value to join according to join inequality.
* It's expected that ANY|SEMI LEFT JOIN is more efficient that ALL one.
*
* If INNER is specified - leave only rows that have matching rows from "right" table.
* If LEFT is specified - in case when there is no matching row in "right" table, fill it with default values instead.
* If RIGHT is specified - first process as INNER, but track what rows from the right table was joined,
* and at the end, add rows from right table that was not joined and substitute default values for columns of left table.
* If FULL is specified - first process as LEFT, but track what rows from the right table was joined,
* and at the end, add rows from right table that was not joined and substitute default values for columns of left table.
*
* Thus, LEFT and RIGHT JOINs are not symmetric in terms of implementation.
*
* All JOINs (except CROSS) are done by equality condition on keys (equijoin).
* Non-equality and other conditions are not supported.
*
* Implementation:
*
* 1. Build hash table in memory from "right" table.
* This hash table is in form of keys -> row in case of ANY or keys -> [rows...] in case of ALL.
* This is done in insertFromBlock method.
*
* 2. Process "left" table and join corresponding rows from "right" table by lookups in the map.
* This is done in joinBlock methods.
*
* In case of ANY LEFT JOIN - form new columns with found values or default values.
* This is the most simple. Number of rows in left table does not change.
*
* In case of ANY INNER JOIN - form new columns with found values,
* and also build a filter - in what rows nothing was found.
* Then filter columns of "left" table.
*
* In case of ALL ... JOIN - form new columns with all found rows,
* and also fill 'offsets' array, describing how many times we need to replicate values of "left" table.
* Then replicate columns of "left" table.
*
* How Nullable keys are processed:
*
* NULLs never join to anything, even to each other.
* During building of map, we just skip keys with NULL value of any component.
* During joining, we simply treat rows with any NULLs in key as non joined.
*
* Default values for outer joins (LEFT, RIGHT, FULL):
*
* Behaviour is controlled by 'join_use_nulls' settings.
* If it is false, we substitute (global) default value for the data type, for non-joined rows
* (zero, empty string, etc. and NULL for Nullable data types).
* If it is true, we always generate Nullable column and substitute NULLs for non-joined rows,
* as in standard SQL.
*/
class HashJoin : public IJoin
{
public:
HashJoin(std::shared_ptr<TableJoin> table_join_, const Block & right_sample_block, bool any_take_last_row_ = false);
const TableJoin & getTableJoin() const override { return *table_join; }
/** Add block of data from right hand of JOIN to the map.
* Returns false, if some limit was exceeded and you should not insert more data.
*/
bool addJoinedBlock(const Block & block, bool check_limits) override;
void checkTypesOfKeys(const Block & block) const override;
/** Join data from the map (that was previously built by calls to addJoinedBlock) to the block with data from "left" table.
* Could be called from different threads in parallel.
*/
void joinBlock(Block & block, ExtraBlockPtr & not_processed) override;
/// Check joinGet arguments and infer the return type.
DataTypePtr joinGetCheckAndGetReturnType(const DataTypes & data_types, const String & column_name, bool or_null) const;
/// Used by joinGet function that turns StorageJoin into a dictionary.
ColumnWithTypeAndName joinGet(const Block & block, const Block & block_with_columns_to_add) const;
bool isFilled() const override { return from_storage_join || data->type == Type::DICT; }
JoinPipelineType pipelineType() const override
{
/// No need to process anything in the right stream if it's a dictionary will just join the left stream with it.
bool is_filled = from_storage_join || data->type == Type::DICT;
if (is_filled)
return JoinPipelineType::FilledRight;
/// Default pipeline processes right stream at first and then left.
return JoinPipelineType::FillRightFirst;
}
/** For RIGHT and FULL JOINs.
* A stream that will contain default values from left table, joined with rows from right table, that was not joined before.
* Use only after all calls to joinBlock was done.
* left_sample_block is passed without account of 'use_nulls' setting (columns will be converted to Nullable inside).
*/
std::shared_ptr<NotJoinedBlocks> getNonJoinedBlocks(
const Block & left_sample_block, const Block & result_sample_block, UInt64 max_block_size) const override;
/// Number of keys in all built JOIN maps.
size_t getTotalRowCount() const final;
/// Sum size in bytes of all buffers, used for JOIN maps and for all memory pools.
size_t getTotalByteCount() const final;
bool alwaysReturnsEmptySet() const final;
ASTTableJoin::Kind getKind() const { return kind; }
ASTTableJoin::Strictness getStrictness() const { return strictness; }
const std::optional<TypeIndex> & getAsofType() const { return asof_type; }
ASOF::Inequality getAsofInequality() const { return asof_inequality; }
bool anyTakeLastRow() const { return any_take_last_row; }
const ColumnWithTypeAndName & rightAsofKeyColumn() const;
/// Different types of keys for maps.
#define APPLY_FOR_JOIN_VARIANTS(M) \
M(key8) \
M(key16) \
M(key32) \
M(key64) \
M(key_string) \
M(key_fixed_string) \
M(keys128) \
M(keys256) \
M(hashed)
/// Used for reading from StorageJoin and applying joinGet function
#define APPLY_FOR_JOIN_VARIANTS_LIMITED(M) \
M(key8) \
M(key16) \
M(key32) \
M(key64) \
M(key_string) \
M(key_fixed_string)
enum class Type
{
EMPTY,
CROSS,
DICT,
#define M(NAME) NAME,
APPLY_FOR_JOIN_VARIANTS(M)
#undef M
};
/** Different data structures, that are used to perform JOIN.
*/
template <typename Mapped>
struct MapsTemplate
{
using MappedType = Mapped;
std::unique_ptr<FixedHashMap<UInt8, Mapped>> key8;
std::unique_ptr<FixedHashMap<UInt16, Mapped>> key16;
std::unique_ptr<HashMap<UInt32, Mapped, HashCRC32<UInt32>>> key32;
std::unique_ptr<HashMap<UInt64, Mapped, HashCRC32<UInt64>>> key64;
std::unique_ptr<HashMapWithSavedHash<StringRef, Mapped>> key_string;
std::unique_ptr<HashMapWithSavedHash<StringRef, Mapped>> key_fixed_string;
std::unique_ptr<HashMap<UInt128, Mapped, UInt128HashCRC32>> keys128;
std::unique_ptr<HashMap<UInt256, Mapped, UInt256HashCRC32>> keys256;
std::unique_ptr<HashMap<UInt128, Mapped, UInt128TrivialHash>> hashed;
void create(Type which)
{
switch (which)
{
case Type::EMPTY: break;
case Type::CROSS: break;
case Type::DICT: break;
#define M(NAME) \
case Type::NAME: NAME = std::make_unique<typename decltype(NAME)::element_type>(); break;
APPLY_FOR_JOIN_VARIANTS(M)
#undef M
}
}
size_t getTotalRowCount(Type which) const
{
switch (which)
{
case Type::EMPTY: return 0;
case Type::CROSS: return 0;
case Type::DICT: return 0;
#define M(NAME) \
case Type::NAME: return NAME ? NAME->size() : 0;
APPLY_FOR_JOIN_VARIANTS(M)
#undef M
}
__builtin_unreachable();
}
size_t getTotalByteCountImpl(Type which) const
{
switch (which)
{
case Type::EMPTY: return 0;
case Type::CROSS: return 0;
case Type::DICT: return 0;
#define M(NAME) \
case Type::NAME: return NAME ? NAME->getBufferSizeInBytes() : 0;
APPLY_FOR_JOIN_VARIANTS(M)
#undef M
}
__builtin_unreachable();
}
size_t getBufferSizeInCells(Type which) const
{
switch (which)
{
case Type::EMPTY: return 0;
case Type::CROSS: return 0;
case Type::DICT: return 0;
#define M(NAME) \
case Type::NAME: return NAME ? NAME->getBufferSizeInCells() : 0;
APPLY_FOR_JOIN_VARIANTS(M)
#undef M
}
__builtin_unreachable();
}
};
using MapsOne = MapsTemplate<RowRef>;
using MapsAll = MapsTemplate<RowRefList>;
using MapsAsof = MapsTemplate<AsofRowRefs>;
using MapsVariant = std::variant<MapsOne, MapsAll, MapsAsof>;
using RawBlockPtr = const Block *;
using BlockNullmapList = std::deque<std::pair<RawBlockPtr, ColumnPtr>>;
struct RightTableData
{
Type type = Type::EMPTY;
bool empty = true;
std::vector<MapsVariant> maps;
Block sample_block; /// Block as it would appear in the BlockList
BlocksList blocks; /// Blocks of "right" table.
BlockNullmapList blocks_nullmaps; /// Nullmaps for blocks of "right" table (if needed)
/// Additional data - strings for string keys and continuation elements of single-linked lists of references to rows.
Arena pool;
};
using RightTableDataPtr = std::shared_ptr<RightTableData>;
/// We keep correspondence between used_flags and hash table internal buffer.
/// Hash table cannot be modified during HashJoin lifetime and must be protected with lock.
void setLock(TableLockHolder rwlock_holder)
{
storage_join_lock = rwlock_holder;
}
void reuseJoinedData(const HashJoin & join);
RightTableDataPtr getJoinedData() const { return data; }
bool isUsed(size_t off) const { return used_flags.getUsedSafe(off); }
bool isUsed(const Block * block_ptr, size_t row_idx) const { return used_flags.getUsedSafe(block_ptr, row_idx); }
private:
template<bool> friend class NotJoinedHash;
friend class JoinSource;
std::shared_ptr<TableJoin> table_join;
ASTTableJoin::Kind kind;
ASTTableJoin::Strictness strictness;
/// This join was created from StorageJoin and it is already filled.
bool from_storage_join = false;
bool any_take_last_row; /// Overwrite existing values when encountering the same key again
std::optional<TypeIndex> asof_type;
ASOF::Inequality asof_inequality;
/// Right table data. StorageJoin shares it between many Join objects.
/// Flags that indicate that particular row already used in join.
/// Flag is stored for every record in hash map.
/// Number of this flags equals to hashtable buffer size (plus one for zero value).
/// Changes in hash table broke correspondence,
/// so we must guarantee constantness of hash table during HashJoin lifetime (using method setLock)
mutable JoinStuff::JoinUsedFlags used_flags;
RightTableDataPtr data;
std::vector<Sizes> key_sizes;
/// Block with columns from the right-side table.
Block right_sample_block;
/// Block with columns from the right-side table except key columns.
Block sample_block_with_columns_to_add;
/// Block with key columns in the same order they appear in the right-side table (duplicates appear once).
Block right_table_keys;
/// Block with key columns right-side table keys that are needed in result (would be attached after joined columns).
Block required_right_keys;
/// Left table column names that are sources for required_right_keys columns
std::vector<String> required_right_keys_sources;
Poco::Logger * log;
/// Should be set via setLock to protect hash table from modification from StorageJoin
/// If set HashJoin instance is not available for modification (addJoinedBlock)
TableLockHolder storage_join_lock = nullptr;
void dataMapInit(MapsVariant &);
const Block & savedBlockSample() const { return data->sample_block; }
/// Modify (structure) right block to save it in block list
Block structureRightBlock(const Block & stored_block) const;
void initRightBlockStructure(Block & saved_block_sample);
template <ASTTableJoin::Kind KIND, ASTTableJoin::Strictness STRICTNESS, typename Maps>
void joinBlockImpl(
Block & block,
const Block & block_with_columns_to_add,
const std::vector<const Maps *> & maps_,
bool is_join_get = false) const;
void joinBlockImplCross(Block & block, ExtraBlockPtr & not_processed) const;
static Type chooseMethod(ASTTableJoin::Kind kind, const ColumnRawPtrs & key_columns, Sizes & key_sizes);
bool empty() const;
bool overDictionary() const;
};
}