mirror of
https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse.git
synced 2024-09-20 08:40:50 +00:00
353 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
353 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
---
|
||
slug: /zh/getting-started/example-datasets/menus
|
||
sidebar_label: '纽约公共图书馆“菜单上有什么？”数据集'
|
||
title: '纽约公共图书馆“菜单上有什么？”数据集'
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
该数据集由纽约公共图书馆创建。其中含有有关酒店、餐馆和咖啡馆的菜单上的菜肴及其价格的历史数据。
|
||
|
||
来源：http://menus.nypl.org/data
|
||
数据为开放数据。
|
||
|
||
数据来自于图书馆中的档案，因此可能不完整，以至于难以进行统计分析。尽管如此，该数据集也是非常有意思的。数据集中只有 130 万条关于菜单中的菜肴的记录 - 这对于 ClickHouse 来说是一个非常小的数据量，但这仍是一个很好的例子。
|
||
|
||
## 下载数据集 {#download-dataset}
|
||
|
||
运行命令：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
wget https://s3.amazonaws.com/menusdata.nypl.org/gzips/2021_08_01_07_01_17_data.tgz
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
如果有需要可以使用 http://menus.nypl.org/data 中的最新链接。下载的大小约为 35 MB。
|
||
|
||
## 解压数据集 {#unpack-dataset}
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
tar xvf 2021_08_01_07_01_17_data.tgz
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
解压后的的大小约为 150 MB。
|
||
|
||
数据集由四个表组成：
|
||
|
||
- `Menu` - 有关菜单的信息，其中包含：餐厅名称，看到菜单的日期等
|
||
- `Dish` - 有关菜肴的信息，其中包含：菜肴名称以及一些特征。
|
||
- `MenuPage` - 有关菜单中页面的信息，每个页面都属于某个 `Menu`。
|
||
- `MenuItem` - 菜单项。某个菜单页面上的菜肴及其价格：指向 `Dish` 和 `MenuPage`的链接。
|
||
|
||
## 创建表 {#create-tables}
|
||
|
||
使用 [Decimal](/docs/zh/sql-reference/data-types/decimal.md) 数据类型来存储价格。
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
CREATE TABLE dish
|
||
(
|
||
id UInt32,
|
||
name String,
|
||
description String,
|
||
menus_appeared UInt32,
|
||
times_appeared Int32,
|
||
first_appeared UInt16,
|
||
last_appeared UInt16,
|
||
lowest_price Decimal64(3),
|
||
highest_price Decimal64(3)
|
||
) ENGINE = MergeTree ORDER BY id;
|
||
|
||
CREATE TABLE menu
|
||
(
|
||
id UInt32,
|
||
name String,
|
||
sponsor String,
|
||
event String,
|
||
venue String,
|
||
place String,
|
||
physical_description String,
|
||
occasion String,
|
||
notes String,
|
||
call_number String,
|
||
keywords String,
|
||
language String,
|
||
date String,
|
||
location String,
|
||
location_type String,
|
||
currency String,
|
||
currency_symbol String,
|
||
status String,
|
||
page_count UInt16,
|
||
dish_count UInt16
|
||
) ENGINE = MergeTree ORDER BY id;
|
||
|
||
CREATE TABLE menu_page
|
||
(
|
||
id UInt32,
|
||
menu_id UInt32,
|
||
page_number UInt16,
|
||
image_id String,
|
||
full_height UInt16,
|
||
full_width UInt16,
|
||
uuid UUID
|
||
) ENGINE = MergeTree ORDER BY id;
|
||
|
||
CREATE TABLE menu_item
|
||
(
|
||
id UInt32,
|
||
menu_page_id UInt32,
|
||
price Decimal64(3),
|
||
high_price Decimal64(3),
|
||
dish_id UInt32,
|
||
created_at DateTime,
|
||
updated_at DateTime,
|
||
xpos Float64,
|
||
ypos Float64
|
||
) ENGINE = MergeTree ORDER BY id;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 导入数据 {#import-data}
|
||
|
||
执行以下命令将数据导入 ClickHouse：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
clickhouse-client --format_csv_allow_single_quotes 0 --input_format_null_as_default 0 --query "INSERT INTO dish FORMAT CSVWithNames" < Dish.csv
|
||
clickhouse-client --format_csv_allow_single_quotes 0 --input_format_null_as_default 0 --query "INSERT INTO menu FORMAT CSVWithNames" < Menu.csv
|
||
clickhouse-client --format_csv_allow_single_quotes 0 --input_format_null_as_default 0 --query "INSERT INTO menu_page FORMAT CSVWithNames" < MenuPage.csv
|
||
clickhouse-client --format_csv_allow_single_quotes 0 --input_format_null_as_default 0 --date_time_input_format best_effort --query "INSERT INTO menu_item FORMAT CSVWithNames" < MenuItem.csv
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
因为数据由带有标题的 CSV 表示，所以使用 [CSVWithNames](/docs/zh/interfaces/formats.md#csvwithnames) 格式。
|
||
|
||
因为只有双引号用于数据字段，单引号可以在值内，所以禁用了 `format_csv_allow_single_quotes` 以避免混淆 CSV 解析器。
|
||
|
||
因为数据中没有 [NULL](/docs/zh/sql-reference/syntax.md#null-literal) 值，所以禁用 [input_format_null_as_default](/docs/zh/operations/settings/settings.md#settings-input-format-null-as-default)。不然 ClickHouse 将会尝试解析 `\N` 序列，并可能与数据中的 `\` 混淆。
|
||
|
||
设置 [date_time_input_format best_effort](/docs/zh/operations/settings/settings.md#settings-date_time_input_format) 以便解析各种格式的 [DateTime](/docs/zh/sql-reference/data-types/datetime.md)字段。例如，识别像“2000-01-01 01:02”这样没有秒数的 ISO-8601 时间字符串。如果没有此设置，则仅允许使用固定的 DateTime 格式。
|
||
|
||
## 非规范化数据 {#denormalize-data}
|
||
|
||
数据以 [规范化形式] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization#Normal_forms) 在多个表格中呈现。这意味着如果你想进行如查询菜单项中的菜名这类的查询，则必须执行 [JOIN](/docs/zh/sql-reference/statements/select/join.md#select-join)。在典型的分析任务中，预先处理联接的数据以避免每次都执行“联接”会更有效率。这中操作被称为“非规范化”数据。
|
||
|
||
我们将创建一个表“menu_item_denorm”，其中将包含所有联接在一起的数据：
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
CREATE TABLE menu_item_denorm
|
||
ENGINE = MergeTree ORDER BY (dish_name, created_at)
|
||
AS SELECT
|
||
price,
|
||
high_price,
|
||
created_at,
|
||
updated_at,
|
||
xpos,
|
||
ypos,
|
||
dish.id AS dish_id,
|
||
dish.name AS dish_name,
|
||
dish.description AS dish_description,
|
||
dish.menus_appeared AS dish_menus_appeared,
|
||
dish.times_appeared AS dish_times_appeared,
|
||
dish.first_appeared AS dish_first_appeared,
|
||
dish.last_appeared AS dish_last_appeared,
|
||
dish.lowest_price AS dish_lowest_price,
|
||
dish.highest_price AS dish_highest_price,
|
||
menu.id AS menu_id,
|
||
menu.name AS menu_name,
|
||
menu.sponsor AS menu_sponsor,
|
||
menu.event AS menu_event,
|
||
menu.venue AS menu_venue,
|
||
menu.place AS menu_place,
|
||
menu.physical_description AS menu_physical_description,
|
||
menu.occasion AS menu_occasion,
|
||
menu.notes AS menu_notes,
|
||
menu.call_number AS menu_call_number,
|
||
menu.keywords AS menu_keywords,
|
||
menu.language AS menu_language,
|
||
menu.date AS menu_date,
|
||
menu.location AS menu_location,
|
||
menu.location_type AS menu_location_type,
|
||
menu.currency AS menu_currency,
|
||
menu.currency_symbol AS menu_currency_symbol,
|
||
menu.status AS menu_status,
|
||
menu.page_count AS menu_page_count,
|
||
menu.dish_count AS menu_dish_count
|
||
FROM menu_item
|
||
JOIN dish ON menu_item.dish_id = dish.id
|
||
JOIN menu_page ON menu_item.menu_page_id = menu_page.id
|
||
JOIN menu ON menu_page.menu_id = menu.id;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 验证数据 {#validate-data}
|
||
|
||
请求：
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
SELECT count() FROM menu_item_denorm;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
结果：
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
┌─count()─┐
|
||
│ 1329175 │
|
||
└─────────┘
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 运行一些查询 {#run-queries}
|
||
|
||
### 菜品的平均历史价格 {#query-averaged-historical-prices}
|
||
|
||
请求：
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
SELECT
|
||
round(toUInt32OrZero(extract(menu_date, '^\\d{4}')), -1) AS d,
|
||
count(),
|
||
round(avg(price), 2),
|
||
bar(avg(price), 0, 100, 100)
|
||
FROM menu_item_denorm
|
||
WHERE (menu_currency = 'Dollars') AND (d > 0) AND (d < 2022)
|
||
GROUP BY d
|
||
ORDER BY d ASC;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
结果：
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
┌────d─┬─count()─┬─round(avg(price), 2)─┬─bar(avg(price), 0, 100, 100)─┐
|
||
│ 1850 │ 618 │ 1.5 │ █▍ │
|
||
│ 1860 │ 1634 │ 1.29 │ █▎ │
|
||
│ 1870 │ 2215 │ 1.36 │ █▎ │
|
||
│ 1880 │ 3909 │ 1.01 │ █ │
|
||
│ 1890 │ 8837 │ 1.4 │ █▍ │
|
||
│ 1900 │ 176292 │ 0.68 │ ▋ │
|
||
│ 1910 │ 212196 │ 0.88 │ ▊ │
|
||
│ 1920 │ 179590 │ 0.74 │ ▋ │
|
||
│ 1930 │ 73707 │ 0.6 │ ▌ │
|
||
│ 1940 │ 58795 │ 0.57 │ ▌ │
|
||
│ 1950 │ 41407 │ 0.95 │ ▊ │
|
||
│ 1960 │ 51179 │ 1.32 │ █▎ │
|
||
│ 1970 │ 12914 │ 1.86 │ █▋ │
|
||
│ 1980 │ 7268 │ 4.35 │ ████▎ │
|
||
│ 1990 │ 11055 │ 6.03 │ ██████ │
|
||
│ 2000 │ 2467 │ 11.85 │ ███████████▋ │
|
||
│ 2010 │ 597 │ 25.66 │ █████████████████████████▋ │
|
||
└──────┴─────────┴──────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────┘
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
带上一粒盐。
|
||
|
||
### 汉堡价格 {#query-burger-prices}
|
||
|
||
请求：
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
SELECT
|
||
round(toUInt32OrZero(extract(menu_date, '^\\d{4}')), -1) AS d,
|
||
count(),
|
||
round(avg(price), 2),
|
||
bar(avg(price), 0, 50, 100)
|
||
FROM menu_item_denorm
|
||
WHERE (menu_currency = 'Dollars') AND (d > 0) AND (d < 2022) AND (dish_name ILIKE '%burger%')
|
||
GROUP BY d
|
||
ORDER BY d ASC;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
结果：
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
┌────d─┬─count()─┬─round(avg(price), 2)─┬─bar(avg(price), 0, 50, 100)───────────┐
|
||
│ 1880 │ 2 │ 0.42 │ ▋ │
|
||
│ 1890 │ 7 │ 0.85 │ █▋ │
|
||
│ 1900 │ 399 │ 0.49 │ ▊ │
|
||
│ 1910 │ 589 │ 0.68 │ █▎ │
|
||
│ 1920 │ 280 │ 0.56 │ █ │
|
||
│ 1930 │ 74 │ 0.42 │ ▋ │
|
||
│ 1940 │ 119 │ 0.59 │ █▏ │
|
||
│ 1950 │ 134 │ 1.09 │ ██▏ │
|
||
│ 1960 │ 272 │ 0.92 │ █▋ │
|
||
│ 1970 │ 108 │ 1.18 │ ██▎ │
|
||
│ 1980 │ 88 │ 2.82 │ █████▋ │
|
||
│ 1990 │ 184 │ 3.68 │ ███████▎ │
|
||
│ 2000 │ 21 │ 7.14 │ ██████████████▎ │
|
||
│ 2010 │ 6 │ 18.42 │ ████████████████████████████████████▋ │
|
||
└──────┴─────────┴──────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────┘
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
###伏特加{#query-vodka}
|
||
|
||
请求：
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
SELECT
|
||
round(toUInt32OrZero(extract(menu_date, '^\\d{4}')), -1) AS d,
|
||
count(),
|
||
round(avg(price), 2),
|
||
bar(avg(price), 0, 50, 100)
|
||
FROM menu_item_denorm
|
||
WHERE (menu_currency IN ('Dollars', '')) AND (d > 0) AND (d < 2022) AND (dish_name ILIKE '%vodka%')
|
||
GROUP BY d
|
||
ORDER BY d ASC;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
结果：
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
┌────d─┬─count()─┬─round(avg(price), 2)─┬─bar(avg(price), 0, 50, 100)─┐
|
||
│ 1910 │ 2 │ 0 │ │
|
||
│ 1920 │ 1 │ 0.3 │ ▌ │
|
||
│ 1940 │ 21 │ 0.42 │ ▋ │
|
||
│ 1950 │ 14 │ 0.59 │ █▏ │
|
||
│ 1960 │ 113 │ 2.17 │ ████▎ │
|
||
│ 1970 │ 37 │ 0.68 │ █▎ │
|
||
│ 1980 │ 19 │ 2.55 │ █████ │
|
||
│ 1990 │ 86 │ 3.6 │ ███████▏ │
|
||
│ 2000 │ 2 │ 3.98 │ ███████▊ │
|
||
└──────┴─────────┴──────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
要查询 `Vodka`，必须声明通过 `ILIKE '%vodka%'` 进行查询。
|
||
|
||
### 鱼子酱 {#query-caviar}
|
||
|
||
列出鱼子酱的价格。另外，列出任何带有鱼子酱的菜肴的名称。
|
||
|
||
请求：
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
SELECT
|
||
round(toUInt32OrZero(extract(menu_date, '^\\d{4}')), -1) AS d,
|
||
count(),
|
||
round(avg(price), 2),
|
||
bar(avg(price), 0, 50, 100),
|
||
any(dish_name)
|
||
FROM menu_item_denorm
|
||
WHERE (menu_currency IN ('Dollars', '')) AND (d > 0) AND (d < 2022) AND (dish_name ILIKE '%caviar%')
|
||
GROUP BY d
|
||
ORDER BY d ASC;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
结果：
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
┌────d─┬─count()─┬─round(avg(price), 2)─┬─bar(avg(price), 0, 50, 100)──────┬─any(dish_name)──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
|
||
│ 1090 │ 1 │ 0 │ │ Caviar │
|
||
│ 1880 │ 3 │ 0 │ │ Caviar │
|
||
│ 1890 │ 39 │ 0.59 │ █▏ │ Butter and caviar │
|
||
│ 1900 │ 1014 │ 0.34 │ ▋ │ Anchovy Caviar on Toast │
|
||
│ 1910 │ 1588 │ 1.35 │ ██▋ │ 1/1 Brötchen Caviar │
|
||
│ 1920 │ 927 │ 1.37 │ ██▋ │ ASTRAKAN CAVIAR │
|
||
│ 1930 │ 289 │ 1.91 │ ███▋ │ Astrachan caviar │
|
||
│ 1940 │ 201 │ 0.83 │ █▋ │ (SPECIAL) Domestic Caviar Sandwich │
|
||
│ 1950 │ 81 │ 2.27 │ ████▌ │ Beluga Caviar │
|
||
│ 1960 │ 126 │ 2.21 │ ████▍ │ Beluga Caviar │
|
||
│ 1970 │ 105 │ 0.95 │ █▊ │ BELUGA MALOSSOL CAVIAR AMERICAN DRESSING │
|
||
│ 1980 │ 12 │ 7.22 │ ██████████████▍ │ Authentic Iranian Beluga Caviar the world's finest black caviar presented in ice garni and a sampling of chilled 100° Russian vodka │
|
||
│ 1990 │ 74 │ 14.42 │ ████████████████████████████▋ │ Avocado Salad, Fresh cut avocado with caviare │
|
||
│ 2000 │ 3 │ 7.82 │ ███████████████▋ │ Aufgeschlagenes Kartoffelsueppchen mit Forellencaviar │
|
||
│ 2010 │ 6 │ 15.58 │ ███████████████████████████████▏ │ "OYSTERS AND PEARLS" "Sabayon" of Pearl Tapioca with Island Creek Oysters and Russian Sevruga Caviar │
|
||
└──────┴─────────┴──────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
至少他们有伏特加配鱼子酱。真棒。
|
||
|
||
## 在线 Playground{#playground}
|
||
|
||
此数据集已经上传到了 ClickHouse Playground 中，[example](https://play.clickhouse.com/play?user=play#U0VMRUNUCiAgICByb3VuZCh0b1VJbnQzMk9yWmVybyhleHRyYWN0KG1lbnVfZGF0ZSwgJ15cXGR7NH0nKSksIC0xKSBBUyBkLAogICAgY291bnQoKSwKICAgIHJvdW5kKGF2ZyhwcmljZSksIDIpLAogICAgYmFyKGF2ZyhwcmljZSksIDAsIDUwLCAxMDApLAogICAgYW55KGRpc2hfbmFtZSkKRlJPTSBtZW51X2l0ZW1fZGVub3JtCldIRVJFIChtZW51X2N1cnJlbmN5IElOICgnRG9sbGFycycsICcnKSkgQU5EIChkID4gMCkgQU5EIChkIDwgMjAyMikgQU5EIChkaXNoX25hbWUgSUxJS0UgJyVjYXZpYXIlJykKR1JPVVAgQlkgZApPUkRFUiBCWSBkIEFTQw==)。
|