ClickHouse/docs/zh/sql-reference/statements/select/where.md
2022-08-26 15:07:59 -04:00

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---
slug: /zh/sql-reference/statements/select/where
sidebar_label: WHERE
---
# WHERE {#select-where}
`WHERE` 子句允许过滤来自`SELECT`的子句 [FROM](../../../sql-reference/statements/select/from.md) 的数据.
如果有一个 `WHERE` 子句,它必须包含一个表达式与 `UInt8` 类型。 这通常是一个带有比较和逻辑运算符的表达式。 表达式计算结果为0的行将被排除在在进一步的转换或结果之外。
如果基础表引擎支持,`WHERE`表达式会使用索引和分区进行剪枝。
!!! note "注"
有一个叫做过滤优化 [prewhere](../../../sql-reference/statements/select/prewhere.md) 的东西.
如果需要测试一个 [NULL](../../../sql-reference/syntax.md#null-literal) 值,请使用 [IS NULL](../../operators/index.md#operator-is-null) and [IS NOT NULL](../../operators/index.md#is-not-null) 运算符或 [isNull](../../../sql-reference/functions/functions-for-nulls.md#isnull) 和 [isNotNull](../../../sql-reference/functions/functions-for-nulls.md#isnotnull) 函数。否则带有 NULL 的表达式永远不会通过。
**示例**
在 [numbers table](../../../sql-reference/table-functions/numbers.md) 表上执行下述语句以找到为3的倍数且大于10的数字
To find numbers that are multiples of 3 and are greater than 10 execute the following query on the :
``` sql
SELECT number FROM numbers(20) WHERE (number > 10) AND (number % 3 == 0);
```
结果:
``` text
┌─number─┐
│ 12 │
│ 15 │
│ 18 │
└────────┘
```
带有 `NULL` 值的查询:
``` sql
CREATE TABLE t_null(x Int8, y Nullable(Int8)) ENGINE=MergeTree() ORDER BY x;
INSERT INTO t_null VALUES (1, NULL), (2, 3);
SELECT * FROM t_null WHERE y IS NULL;
SELECT * FROM t_null WHERE y != 0;
```
结果:
``` text
┌─x─┬────y─┐
│ 1 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
└───┴──────┘
┌─x─┬─y─┐
│ 2 │ 3 │
└───┴───┘
```