ClickHouse/docs/en/operations/system-tables/index.md
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Co-authored-by: Anna <42538400+adevyatova@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: romanzhukov <romanzhukov@yandex-team.ru>
Co-authored-by: Vladimir <vdimir@yandex-team.ru>
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---
toc_priority: 52
toc_title: System Tables
---
# System Tables {#system-tables}
## Introduction {#system-tables-introduction}
System tables provide information about:
- Server states, processes, and environment.
- Servers internal processes.
System tables:
- Located in the `system` database.
- Available only for reading data.
- Cant be dropped or altered, but can be detached.
Most of system tables store their data in RAM. A ClickHouse server creates such system tables at the start.
Unlike other system tables, the system log tables [metric_log](../../operations/system-tables/metric_log.md), [query_log](../../operations/system-tables/query_log.md), [query_thread_log](../../operations/system-tables/query_thread_log.md), [trace_log](../../operations/system-tables/trace_log.md), [part_log](../../operations/system-tables/part_log.md), [crash_log](../../operations/system-tables/crash-log.md) and [text_log](../../operations/system-tables/text_log.md) are served by [MergeTree](../../engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/mergetree.md) table engine and store their data in a filesystem by default. If you remove a table from a filesystem, the ClickHouse server creates the empty one again at the time of the next data writing. If system table schema changed in a new release, then ClickHouse renames the current table and creates a new one.
System log tables can be customized by creating a config file with the same name as the table under `/etc/clickhouse-server/config.d/`, or setting corresponding elements in `/etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml`. Elements can be customized are:
- `database`: database the system log table belongs to. This option is deprecated now. All system log tables are under database `system`.
- `table`: table to insert data.
- `partition_by`: specify [PARTITION BY](../../engines/table-engines/mergetree-family/custom-partitioning-key.md) expression.
- `ttl`: specify table [TTL](../../sql-reference/statements/alter/ttl.md) expression.
- `flush_interval_milliseconds`: interval of flushing data to disk.
- `engine`: provide full engine expression (starting with `ENGINE =` ) with parameters. This option is contradict with `partition_by` and `ttl`. If set together, the server would raise an exception and exit.
An example:
```xml
<yandex>
<query_log>
<database>system</database>
<table>query_log</table>
<partition_by>toYYYYMM(event_date)</partition_by>
<ttl>event_date + INTERVAL 30 DAY DELETE</ttl>
<!--
<engine>ENGINE = MergeTree PARTITION BY toYYYYMM(event_date) ORDER BY (event_date, event_time) SETTINGS index_granularity = 1024</engine>
-->
<flush_interval_milliseconds>7500</flush_interval_milliseconds>
</query_log>
</yandex>
```
By default, table growth is unlimited. To control a size of a table, you can use [TTL](../../sql-reference/statements/alter/ttl.md#manipulations-with-table-ttl) settings for removing outdated log records. Also you can use the partitioning feature of `MergeTree`-engine tables.
## Sources of System Metrics {#system-tables-sources-of-system-metrics}
For collecting system metrics ClickHouse server uses:
- `CAP_NET_ADMIN` capability.
- [procfs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procfs) (only in Linux).
**procfs**
If ClickHouse server doesnt have `CAP_NET_ADMIN` capability, it tries to fall back to `ProcfsMetricsProvider`. `ProcfsMetricsProvider` allows collecting per-query system metrics (for CPU and I/O).
If procfs is supported and enabled on the system, ClickHouse server collects these metrics:
- `OSCPUVirtualTimeMicroseconds`
- `OSCPUWaitMicroseconds`
- `OSIOWaitMicroseconds`
- `OSReadChars`
- `OSWriteChars`
- `OSReadBytes`
- `OSWriteBytes`
[Original article](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/operations/system-tables/) <!--hide-->