mirror of
https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse.git
synced 2024-12-04 13:32:13 +00:00
113 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
113 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
# HDFS {#table_engines-hdfs}
|
|
|
|
This engine provides integration with [Apache Hadoop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Hadoop) ecosystem by allowing to manage data on [HDFS](https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/current/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-hdfs/HdfsDesign.html)via ClickHouse. This engine is similar
|
|
to the [File](file.md) and [URL](url.md) engines, but provides Hadoop-specific features.
|
|
|
|
## Usage
|
|
|
|
```sql
|
|
ENGINE = HDFS(URI, format)
|
|
```
|
|
The `URI` parameter is the whole file URI in HDFS.
|
|
The `format` parameter specifies one of the available file formats. To perform
|
|
`SELECT` queries, the format must be supported for input, and to perform
|
|
`INSERT` queries -- for output. The available formats are listed in the
|
|
[Formats](../../interfaces/formats.md#formats) section.
|
|
The path part of `URI` may contain globs. In this case the table would be readonly.
|
|
|
|
**Example:**
|
|
|
|
**1.** Set up the `hdfs_engine_table` table:
|
|
|
|
```sql
|
|
CREATE TABLE hdfs_engine_table (name String, value UInt32) ENGINE=HDFS('hdfs://hdfs1:9000/other_storage', 'TSV')
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
**2.** Fill file:
|
|
```sql
|
|
INSERT INTO hdfs_engine_table VALUES ('one', 1), ('two', 2), ('three', 3)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
**3.** Query the data:
|
|
|
|
```sql
|
|
SELECT * FROM hdfs_engine_table LIMIT 2
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
┌─name─┬─value─┐
|
|
│ one │ 1 │
|
|
│ two │ 2 │
|
|
└──────┴───────┘
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Implementation Details
|
|
|
|
- Reads and writes can be parallel
|
|
- Not supported:
|
|
- `ALTER` and `SELECT...SAMPLE` operations.
|
|
- Indexes.
|
|
- Replication.
|
|
|
|
**Globs in path**
|
|
|
|
Multiple path components can have globs. For being processed file should exists and matches to the whole path pattern. Listing of files determines during `SELECT` (not at `CREATE` moment).
|
|
|
|
- `*` — Substitutes any number of any characters except `/` including empty string.
|
|
- `?` — Substitutes any single character.
|
|
- `{some_string,another_string,yet_another_one}` — Substitutes any of strings `'some_string', 'another_string', 'yet_another_one'`.
|
|
- `{N..M}` — Substitutes any number in range from N to M including both borders.
|
|
|
|
Constructions with `{}` are similar to the [remote](../../query_language/table_functions/remote.md) table function.
|
|
|
|
**Example**
|
|
|
|
1. Suppose we have several files in TSV format with the following URIs on HDFS:
|
|
|
|
- 'hdfs://hdfs1:9000/some_dir/some_file_1'
|
|
- 'hdfs://hdfs1:9000/some_dir/some_file_2'
|
|
- 'hdfs://hdfs1:9000/some_dir/some_file_3'
|
|
- 'hdfs://hdfs1:9000/another_dir/some_file_1'
|
|
- 'hdfs://hdfs1:9000/another_dir/some_file_2'
|
|
- 'hdfs://hdfs1:9000/another_dir/some_file_3'
|
|
|
|
2. There are several ways to make a table consisting of all six files:
|
|
|
|
```sql
|
|
CREATE TABLE table_with_range (name String, value UInt32) ENGINE = HDFS('hdfs://hdfs1:9000/{some,another}_dir/some_file_{1..3}', 'TSV')
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Another way:
|
|
|
|
```sql
|
|
CREATE TABLE table_with_question_mark (name String, value UInt32) ENGINE = HDFS('hdfs://hdfs1:9000/{some,another}_dir/some_file_?', 'TSV')
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Table consists of all the files in both directories (all files should satisfy format and schema described in query):
|
|
|
|
```sql
|
|
CREATE TABLE table_with_asterisk (name String, value UInt32) ENGINE = HDFS('hdfs://hdfs1:9000/{some,another}_dir/*', 'TSV')
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
!!! warning
|
|
If the listing of files contains number ranges with leading zeros, use the construction with braces for each digit separately or use `?`.
|
|
|
|
**Example**
|
|
|
|
Create table with files named `file000`, `file001`, ... , `file999`:
|
|
|
|
```sql
|
|
CREARE TABLE big_table (name String, value UInt32) ENGINE = HDFS('hdfs://hdfs1:9000/big_dir/file{0..9}{0..9}{0..9}', 'CSV')
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Virtual Columns
|
|
|
|
- `_path` — Path to the file.
|
|
- `_file` — Name of the file.
|
|
|
|
**See Also**
|
|
|
|
- [Virtual columns](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/operations/table_engines/#table_engines-virtual_columns)
|
|
|
|
[Original article](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/operations/table_engines/hdfs/) <!--hide-->
|