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101 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
101 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
# Join
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Prepared data structure for using in [JOIN](../../query_language/select.md#select-join) operations.
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## Creating a Table {#creating-a-table}
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster]
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(
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name1 [type1] [DEFAULT|MATERIALIZED|ALIAS expr1] [TTL expr1],
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name2 [type2] [DEFAULT|MATERIALIZED|ALIAS expr2] [TTL expr2],
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) ENGINE = Join(join_strictness, join_type, k1[, k2, ...])
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```
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See the detailed description of the [CREATE TABLE](../../query_language/create.md#create-table-query) query.
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**Engine Parameters**
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- `join_strictness` – [JOIN strictness](../../query_language/select.md#select-join-strictness).
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- `join_type` – [JOIN type](../../query_language/select.md#select-join-types).
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- `k1[, k2, ...]` – Key columns from the `USING` clause that the `JOIN` operation is made with.
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Enter `join_strictness` and `join_type` parameters without quotes, for example, `Join(ANY, LEFT, col1)`. They must match the `JOIN` operation that the table will be used for. If the parameters don't match, ClickHouse doesn't throw an exception and may return incorrect data.
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## Table Usage
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### Example
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Creating the left-side table:
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE id_val(`id` UInt32, `val` UInt32) ENGINE = TinyLog
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```
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```sql
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INSERT INTO id_val VALUES (1,11)(2,12)(3,13)
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```
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Creating the right-side `Join` table:
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE id_val_join(`id` UInt32, `val` UInt8) ENGINE = Join(ANY, LEFT, id)
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```
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```sql
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INSERT INTO id_val_join VALUES (1,21)(1,22)(3,23)
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```
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Joining the tables:
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```sql
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SELECT * FROM id_val ANY LEFT JOIN id_val_join USING (id) SETTINGS join_use_nulls = 1
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```
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```text
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┌─id─┬─val─┬─id_val_join.val─┐
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│ 1 │ 11 │ 21 │
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│ 2 │ 12 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │
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│ 3 │ 13 │ 23 │
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└────┴─────┴─────────────────┘
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```
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As an alternative, you can retrieve data from the `Join` table, specifying the join key value:
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```sql
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SELECT joinGet('id_val_join', 'val', toUInt32(1))
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```
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```text
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┌─joinGet('id_val_join', 'val', toUInt32(1))─┐
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│ 21 │
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└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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### Selecting and Inserting Data
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You can use `INSERT` queries to add data to the `Join`-engine tables. If the table was created with the `ANY` strictness, data for duplicate keys are ignored. With the `ALL` strictness, all rows are added.
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You cannot perform a `SELECT` query directly from the table. Instead, use one of the following methods:
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- Place the table to the right side in a `JOIN` clause.
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- Call the [joinGet](../../query_language/functions/other_functions.md#joinget) function, which lets you extract data from the table the same way as from a dictionary.
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### Limitations and Settings {#join-limitations-and-settings}
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When creating a table, the following settings are applied:
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- [join_use_nulls](../settings/settings.md#join_use_nulls)
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- [max_rows_in_join](../settings/query_complexity.md#settings-max_rows_in_join)
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- [max_bytes_in_join](../settings/query_complexity.md#settings-max_bytes_in_join)
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- [join_overflow_mode](../settings/query_complexity.md#settings-join_overflow_mode)
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- [join_any_take_last_row](../settings/settings.md#settings-join_any_take_last_row)
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The `Join`-engine tables can't be used in `GLOBAL JOIN` operations.
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The `Join`-engine allows use [join_use_nulls](../settings/settings.md#join_use_nulls) setting in the `CREATE TABLE` statement. And [SELECT](../../query_language/select.md) query allows use `join_use_nulls` too. If you have different `join_use_nulls` settings, you can get an error joining table. It depends on kind of JOIN. When you use [joinGet](../../query_language/functions/other_functions.md#joinget) function, you have to use the same `join_use_nulls` setting in `CRATE TABLE` and `SELECT` statements.
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## Data Storage
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`Join` table data is always located in the RAM. When inserting rows into a table, ClickHouse writes data blocks to the directory on the disk so that they can be restored when the server restarts.
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If the server restarts incorrectly, the data block on the disk might get lost or damaged. In this case, you may need to manually delete the file with damaged data.
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[Original article](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/operations/table_engines/join/) <!--hide-->
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