mirror of
https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse.git
synced 2024-11-16 12:44:42 +00:00
111 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
111 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
|
|
# file
|
|
|
|
Creates a table from a file. This table function is similar to [url](url.md) and [hdfs](hdfs.md) ones.
|
|
|
|
```sql
|
|
file(path, format, structure)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
**Input parameters**
|
|
|
|
- `path` — The relative path to the file from [user_files_path](../../operations/server_settings/settings.md#server_settings-user_files_path). Path to file support following globs in readonly mode: `*`, `?`, `{abc,def}` and `{N..M}` where `N`, `M` — numbers, ``'abc', 'def'` — strings.
|
|
- `format` — The [format](../../interfaces/formats.md#formats) of the file.
|
|
- `structure` — Structure of the table. Format `'column1_name column1_type, column2_name column2_type, ...'`.
|
|
|
|
**Returned value**
|
|
|
|
A table with the specified structure for reading or writing data in the specified file.
|
|
|
|
**Example**
|
|
|
|
Setting `user_files_path` and the contents of the file `test.csv`:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
$ grep user_files_path /etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml
|
|
<user_files_path>/var/lib/clickhouse/user_files/</user_files_path>
|
|
|
|
$ cat /var/lib/clickhouse/user_files/test.csv
|
|
1,2,3
|
|
3,2,1
|
|
78,43,45
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Table from`test.csv` and selection of the first two rows from it:
|
|
|
|
```sql
|
|
SELECT *
|
|
FROM file('test.csv', 'CSV', 'column1 UInt32, column2 UInt32, column3 UInt32')
|
|
LIMIT 2
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
┌─column1─┬─column2─┬─column3─┐
|
|
│ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │
|
|
│ 3 │ 2 │ 1 │
|
|
└─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```sql
|
|
-- getting the first 10 lines of a table that contains 3 columns of UInt32 type from a CSV file
|
|
SELECT * FROM file('test.csv', 'CSV', 'column1 UInt32, column2 UInt32, column3 UInt32') LIMIT 10
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
**Globs in path**
|
|
|
|
Multiple path components can have globs. For being processed file should exists and matches to the whole path pattern (not only suffix or prefix).
|
|
|
|
- `*` — Substitutes any number of any characters except `/` including empty string.
|
|
- `?` — Substitutes any single character.
|
|
- `{some_string,another_string,yet_another_one}` — Substitutes any of strings `'some_string', 'another_string', 'yet_another_one'`.
|
|
- `{N..M}` — Substitutes any number in range from N to M including both borders.
|
|
|
|
Constructions with `{}` are similar to the [remote table function](../../query_language/table_functions/remote.md)).
|
|
|
|
**Example**
|
|
|
|
1. Suppose we have several files with the following relative paths:
|
|
|
|
- 'some_dir/some_file_1'
|
|
- 'some_dir/some_file_2'
|
|
- 'some_dir/some_file_3'
|
|
- 'another_dir/some_file_1'
|
|
- 'another_dir/some_file_2'
|
|
- 'another_dir/some_file_3'
|
|
|
|
2. Query the amount of rows in these files:
|
|
|
|
```sql
|
|
SELECT count(*)
|
|
FROM file('{some,another}_dir/some_file_{1..3}', 'TSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
3. Query the amount of rows in all files of these two directories:
|
|
|
|
```sql
|
|
SELECT count(*)
|
|
FROM file('{some,another}_dir/*', 'TSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
|
|
```
|
|
!!! warning
|
|
If your listing of files contains number ranges with leading zeros, use the construction with braces for each digit separately or use `?`.
|
|
|
|
**Example**
|
|
|
|
Query the data from files named `file000`, `file001`, ... , `file999`:
|
|
|
|
```sql
|
|
SELECT count(*)
|
|
FROM file('big_dir/file{0..9}{0..9}{0..9}', 'CSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Virtual Columns
|
|
|
|
- `_path` — Path to the file.
|
|
- `_file` — Name of the file.
|
|
|
|
**See Also**
|
|
|
|
- [Virtual columns](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/operations/table_engines/#table_engines-virtual_columns)
|
|
|
|
[Original article](https://clickhouse.tech/docs/en/query_language/table_functions/file/) <!--hide-->
|