ClickHouse/docs/ru/data_types/array.md
Ivan Blinkov 16ca492938
WIP on docs (#3813)
* CLICKHOUSE-4063: less manual html @ index.md

* CLICKHOUSE-4063: recommend markdown="1" in README.md

* CLICKHOUSE-4003: manually purge custom.css for now

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* minor punctuation

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* find . -name '*.md' -type f | xargs -I{} perl -pi -e 's//g' {}

* find . -name '*.md' -type f | xargs -I{} perl -pi -e 's/ sql/g' {}

* Remove outdated stuff from roadmap.md

* Not so light font on front page too

* Refactor Chinese formats.md to match recent changes in other languages

* Update some links on front page

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* minor changes

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* test

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* build fixes

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2018-12-12 20:28:00 +03:00

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Array(T)

Массив из элементов типа T.

T может любым, в том числе, массивом. Таким образом поддержаны многомерные массивы.

Создание массива

Массив можно создать с помощью функции:

array(T)

Также можно использовать квадратные скобки

[]

Пример создания массива:

:) SELECT array(1, 2) AS x, toTypeName(x)

SELECT
    [1, 2] AS x,
    toTypeName(x)

┌─x─────┬─toTypeName(array(1, 2))─┐
│ [1,2] │ Array(UInt8)            │
└───────┴─────────────────────────┘

1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.002 sec.

:) SELECT [1, 2] AS x, toTypeName(x)

SELECT
    [1, 2] AS x,
    toTypeName(x)

┌─x─────┬─toTypeName([1, 2])─┐
│ [1,2] │ Array(UInt8)       │
└───────┴────────────────────┘

1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.002 sec.

Особенности работы с типами данных

При создании массива "на лету" ClickHouse автоматически определяет тип аргументов как наиболее узкий тип данных, в котором можно хранить все перечисленные аргументы. Если среди аргументов есть NULL или аргумент типа Nullable, то тип элементов массива — Nullable.

Если ClickHouse не смог подобрать тип данных, то он сгенерирует исключение. Это произойдёт, например, при попытке создать массив одновременно со строками и числами SELECT array(1, 'a').

Примеры автоматического определения типа данных:

:) SELECT array(1, 2, NULL) AS x, toTypeName(x)

SELECT
    [1, 2, NULL] AS x,
    toTypeName(x)

┌─x──────────┬─toTypeName(array(1, 2, NULL))─┐
│ [1,2,NULL] │ Array(Nullable(UInt8))        │
└────────────┴───────────────────────────────┘

1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.002 sec.

Если попытаться создать массив из несовместимых типов данных, то ClickHouse выбросит исключение:

:) SELECT array(1, 'a')

SELECT [1, 'a']

Received exception from server (version 1.1.54388):
Code: 386. DB::Exception: Received from localhost:9000, 127.0.0.1. DB::Exception: There is no supertype for types UInt8, String because some of them are String/FixedString and some of them are not.

0 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.246 sec.

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