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109 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
109 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
---
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slug: /zh/operations/quotas
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---
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# 配额 {#quotas}
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配额允许您在一段时间内限制资源使用情况，或者只是跟踪资源的使用。
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配额在用户配置中设置。 这通常是 ‘users.xml’.
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The system also has a feature for limiting the complexity of a single query. See the section «Restrictions on query complexity»).
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与查询复杂性限制相比，配额:
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- 对可以在一段时间内运行的一组查询设置限制，而不是限制单个查询。
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- 占用在所有远程服务器上用于分布式查询处理的资源。
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让我们来看看的部分 ‘users.xml’ 定义配额的文件。
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``` xml
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<!-- Quotas -->
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<quotas>
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<!-- Quota name. -->
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<default>
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<!-- Restrictions for a time period. You can set many intervals with different restrictions. -->
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<interval>
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<!-- Length of the interval. -->
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<duration>3600</duration>
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<!-- Unlimited. Just collect data for the specified time interval. -->
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<queries>0</queries>
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<errors>0</errors>
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<result_rows>0</result_rows>
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<read_rows>0</read_rows>
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<execution_time>0</execution_time>
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</interval>
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</default>
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```
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默认情况下，配额只跟踪每小时的资源消耗，而不限制使用情况。
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每次请求后，计算出的每个时间间隔的资源消耗将输出到服务器日志中。
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``` xml
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<statbox>
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<!-- Restrictions for a time period. You can set many intervals with different restrictions. -->
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<interval>
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<!-- Length of the interval. -->
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<duration>3600</duration>
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<queries>1000</queries>
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<errors>100</errors>
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<result_rows>1000000000</result_rows>
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<read_rows>100000000000</read_rows>
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<execution_time>900</execution_time>
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</interval>
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<interval>
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<duration>86400</duration>
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<queries>10000</queries>
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<errors>1000</errors>
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<result_rows>5000000000</result_rows>
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<read_rows>500000000000</read_rows>
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<execution_time>7200</execution_time>
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</interval>
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</statbox>
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```
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为 ‘statbox’ 配额，限制设置为每小时和每24小时（86,400秒）。 时间间隔从实现定义的固定时刻开始计数。 换句话说，24小时间隔不一定从午夜开始。
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间隔结束时，将清除所有收集的值。 在下一个小时内，配额计算将重新开始。
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以下是可以限制的金额:
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`queries` – The total number of requests.
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`errors` – The number of queries that threw an exception.
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`result_rows` – The total number of rows given as the result.
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`read_rows` – The total number of source rows read from tables for running the query, on all remote servers.
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`execution_time` – The total query execution time, in seconds (wall time).
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如果在至少一个时间间隔内超出限制，则会引发异常，其中包含有关超出了哪个限制、哪个时间间隔以及新时间间隔开始时（何时可以再次发送查询）的文本。
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Quotas can use the «quota key» feature in order to report on resources for multiple keys independently. Here is an example of this:
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``` xml
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<!-- For the global reports designer. -->
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<web_global>
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<!-- keyed – The quota_key "key" is passed in the query parameter,
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and the quota is tracked separately for each key value.
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For example, you can pass a Yandex.Metrica username as the key,
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so the quota will be counted separately for each username.
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Using keys makes sense only if quota_key is transmitted by the program, not by a user.
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You can also write <keyed_by_ip /> so the IP address is used as the quota key.
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(But keep in mind that users can change the IPv6 address fairly easily.)
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-->
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<keyed />
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```
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配额分配给用户 ‘users’ section of the config. See the section «Access rights».
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For distributed query processing, the accumulated amounts are stored on the requestor server. So if the user goes to another server, the quota there will «start over».
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服务器重新启动时，将重置配额。
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[原始文章](https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/operations/quotas/) <!--hide-->
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