ClickHouse/docs/en/sql-reference/functions/geo/polygon.md

slug	sidebar_label	title
/en/sql-reference/functions/geo/polygons	Polygons	Functions for Working with Polygons

WKT

Returns a WKT (Well Known Text) geometric object from various Geo Data Types. Supported WKT objects are:

• POINT
• POLYGON
• MULTIPOLYGON

Syntax

WKT(geo_data)

Parameters

geo_data can be one of the following Geo Data Types or their underlying primitive types:

• Point
• Ring
• Polygon
• MultiPolygon

Returned value

• WKT geometric object POINT is returned for a Point.
• WKT geometric object POLYGON is returned for a Polygon
• WKT geometric object MULTIPOLYGON is returned for a MultiPolygon.

Examples

POINT from tuple:

SELECT wkt((0., 0.));

POINT(0 0)

POLYGON from an array of tuples or an array of tuple arrays:

SELECT wkt([(0., 0.), (10., 0.), (10., 10.), (0., 10.)]);

POLYGON((0 0,10 0,10 10,0 10))

MULTIPOLYGON from an array of multi-dimensional tuple arrays:

SELECT wkt([[[(0., 0.), (10., 0.), (10., 10.), (0., 10.)], [(4., 4.), (5., 4.), (5., 5.), (4., 5.)]], [[(-10., -10.), (-10., -9.), (-9., 10.)]]]);

MULTIPOLYGON(((0 0,10 0,10 10,0 10,0 0),(4 4,5 4,5 5,4 5,4 4)),((-10 -10,-10 -9,-9 10,-10 -10)))

readWKTMultiPolygon

Converts a WKT (Well Known Text) MultiPolygon into a MultiPolygon type.

Example

SELECT
    toTypeName(readWKTMultiPolygon('MULTIPOLYGON(((2 0,10 0,10 10,0 10,2 0),(4 4,5 4,5 5,4 5,4 4)),((-10 -10,-10 -9,-9 10,-10 -10)))')) AS type,
    readWKTMultiPolygon('MULTIPOLYGON(((2 0,10 0,10 10,0 10,2 0),(4 4,5 4,5 5,4 5,4 4)),((-10 -10,-10 -9,-9 10,-10 -10)))') AS output FORMAT Markdown

type	output
MultiPolygon	[(2,0),(10,0),(10,10),(0,10),(2,0)],[(4,4),(5,4),(5,5),(4,5),(4,4),(-10,-10),(-10,-9),(-9,10),(-10,-10)]

Input parameters

String starting with MULTIPOLYGON

Returned value

MultiPolygon

readWKTPolygon

Converts a WKT (Well Known Text) MultiPolygon into a Polygon type.

Example

SELECT
    toTypeName(readWKTPolygon('POLYGON((2 0,10 0,10 10,0 10,2 0))')) AS type,
    readWKTPolygon('POLYGON((2 0,10 0,10 10,0 10,2 0))') AS output
FORMAT Markdown

type	output
Polygon	(2,0),(10,0),(10,10),(0,10),(2,0)

Input parameters

String starting with POLYGON

Returned value

Polygon

readWKTPoint

The readWKTPoint function in ClickHouse parses a Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of a Point geometry and returns a point in the internal ClickHouse format.

Syntax

readWKTPoint(wkt_string)

Arguments

• wkt_string: The input WKT string representing a Point geometry.

Returned value

The function returns a ClickHouse internal representation of the Point geometry.

Example

SELECT readWKTPoint('POINT (1.2 3.4)');

(1.2,3.4)

readWKTRing

Parses a Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of a Polygon geometry and returns a ring (closed linestring) in the internal ClickHouse format.

Syntax

readWKTRing(wkt_string)

Arguments

• wkt_string: The input WKT string representing a Polygon geometry.

Returned value

The function returns a ClickHouse internal representation of the ring (closed linestring) geometry.

Example

SELECT readWKTRing('LINESTRING (1 1, 2 2, 3 3, 1 1)');

[(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,1)]

polygonsWithinSpherical

Returns true or false depending on whether or not one polygon lies completely inside another polygon. Reference https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_62_0/libs/geometry/doc/html/geometry/reference/algorithms/within/within_2.html

Example

select polygonsWithinSpherical([[[(4.3613577, 50.8651821), (4.349556, 50.8535879), (4.3602419, 50.8435626), (4.3830299, 50.8428851), (4.3904543, 50.8564867), (4.3613148, 50.8651279)]]], [[[(4.346693, 50.858306), (4.367945, 50.852455), (4.366227, 50.840809), (4.344961, 50.833264), (4.338074, 50.848677), (4.346693, 50.858306)]]]);

0

Input parameters

Returned value

UInt8, 0 for false, 1 for true

polygonsDistanceSpherical

Calculates the minimal distance between two points where one point belongs to the first polygon and the second to another polygon. Spherical means that coordinates are interpreted as coordinates on a pure and ideal sphere, which is not true for the Earth. Using this type of coordinate system speeds up execution, but of course is not precise.

Example

SELECT polygonsDistanceSpherical([[[(0, 0), (0, 0.1), (0.1, 0.1), (0.1, 0)]]], [[[(10., 10.), (10., 40.), (40., 40.), (40., 10.), (10., 10.)]]])

0.24372872211133834

Input parameters

Two polygons

Returned value

Float64

polygonsDistanceCartesian

Calculates distance between two polygons

Example

SELECT polygonsDistanceCartesian([[[(0, 0), (0, 0.1), (0.1, 0.1), (0.1, 0)]]], [[[(10., 10.), (10., 40.), (40., 40.), (40., 10.), (10., 10.)]]])

14.000714267493642

Input parameters

Two polygons

Returned value

Float64

polygonsEqualsCartesian

Returns true if two polygons are equal

Example

SELECT polygonsEqualsCartesian([[[(1., 1.), (1., 4.), (4., 4.), (4., 1.)]]], [[[(1., 1.), (1., 4.), (4., 4.), (4., 1.), (1., 1.)]]])

1

Input parameters

Two polygons

Returned value

UInt8, 0 for false, 1 for true

polygonsSymDifferenceSpherical

Calculates the spatial set theoretic symmetric difference (XOR) between two polygons

Example

SELECT wkt(arraySort(polygonsSymDifferenceSpherical([[(50., 50.), (50., -50.), (-50., -50.), (-50., 50.), (50., 50.)], [(10., 10.), (10., 40.), (40., 40.), (40., 10.), (10., 10.)], [(-10., -10.), (-10., -40.), (-40., -40.), (-40., -10.), (-10., -10.)]], [[(-20., -20.), (-20., 20.), (20., 20.), (20., -20.), (-20., -20.)]])));

MULTIPOLYGON(((-20 -10.3067,-10 -10,-10 -20.8791,-20 -20,-20 -10.3067)),((10 20.8791,20 20,20 10.3067,10 10,10 20.8791)),((50 50,50 -50,-50 -50,-50 50,50 50),(20 10.3067,40 10,40 40,10 40,10 20.8791,-20 20,-20 -10.3067,-40 -10,-40 -40,-10 -40,-10 -20.8791,20 -20,20 10.3067)))

Input parameters

Polygons

Returned value

MultiPolygon

polygonsSymDifferenceCartesian

The same as polygonsSymDifferenceSpherical, but the coordinates are in the Cartesian coordinate system; which is more close to the model of the real Earth.

Example

SELECT wkt(polygonsSymDifferenceCartesian([[[(0, 0), (0, 3), (1, 2.9), (2, 2.6), (2.6, 2), (2.9, 1), (3, 0), (0, 0)]]], [[[(1., 1.), (1., 4.), (4., 4.), (4., 1.), (1., 1.)]]]))

MULTIPOLYGON(((1 2.9,1 1,2.9 1,3 0,0 0,0 3,1 2.9)),((1 2.9,1 4,4 4,4 1,2.9 1,2.6 2,2 2.6,1 2.9)))

Input parameters

Polygons

Returned value

MultiPolygon

polygonsIntersectionSpherical

Calculates the intersection (AND) between polygons, coordinates are spherical.

Example

SELECT wkt(arrayMap(a -> arrayMap(b -> arrayMap(c -> (round(c.1, 6), round(c.2, 6)), b), a), polygonsIntersectionSpherical([[[(4.3613577, 50.8651821), (4.349556, 50.8535879), (4.3602419, 50.8435626), (4.3830299, 50.8428851), (4.3904543, 50.8564867), (4.3613148, 50.8651279)]]], [[[(4.346693, 50.858306), (4.367945, 50.852455), (4.366227, 50.840809), (4.344961, 50.833264), (4.338074, 50.848677), (4.346693, 50.858306)]]])))

MULTIPOLYGON(((4.3666 50.8434,4.36024 50.8436,4.34956 50.8536,4.35268 50.8567,4.36794 50.8525,4.3666 50.8434)))

Input parameters

Polygons

Returned value

MultiPolygon

polygonsWithinCartesian

Returns true if the second polygon is within the first polygon.

Example

SELECT polygonsWithinCartesian([[[(2., 2.), (2., 3.), (3., 3.), (3., 2.)]]], [[[(1., 1.), (1., 4.), (4., 4.), (4., 1.), (1., 1.)]]])

1

Input parameters

Two polygons

Returned value

UInt8, 0 for false, 1 for true

polygonConvexHullCartesian

Calculates a convex hull. Reference

Coordinates are in Cartesian coordinate system.

Example

SELECT wkt(polygonConvexHullCartesian([[[(0., 0.), (0., 5.), (5., 5.), (5., 0.), (2., 3.)]]]))

POLYGON((0 0,0 5,5 5,5 0,0 0))

Input parameters

MultiPolygon

Returned value

Polygon

polygonAreaSpherical

Calculates the surface area of a polygon.

Example

SELECT round(polygonAreaSpherical([[[(4.346693, 50.858306), (4.367945, 50.852455), (4.366227, 50.840809), (4.344961, 50.833264), (4.338074, 50.848677), (4.346693, 50.858306)]]]), 14)

9.387704e-8

Input parameters

Polygon

Returned value

Float

polygonsUnionSpherical

Calculates a union (OR).

Example

SELECT wkt(polygonsUnionSpherical([[[(4.3613577, 50.8651821), (4.349556, 50.8535879), (4.3602419, 50.8435626), (4.3830299, 50.8428851), (4.3904543, 50.8564867), (4.3613148, 50.8651279)]]], [[[(4.346693, 50.858306), (4.367945, 50.852455), (4.366227, 50.840809), (4.344961, 50.833264), (4.338074, 50.848677), (4.346693, 50.858306)]]]))

MULTIPOLYGON(((4.36661 50.8434,4.36623 50.8408,4.34496 50.8333,4.33807 50.8487,4.34669 50.8583,4.35268 50.8567,4.36136 50.8652,4.36131 50.8651,4.39045 50.8565,4.38303 50.8429,4.36661 50.8434)))

Input parameters

Polygons

Returned value

MultiPolygon

polygonPerimeterSpherical

Calculates the perimeter of the polygon.

Example

This is the polygon representing Zimbabwe:

POLYGON((30.0107 -15.6462,30.0502 -15.6401,30.09 -15.6294,30.1301 -15.6237,30.1699 -15.6322,30.1956 -15.6491,30.2072 -15.6532,30.2231 -15.6497,30.231 -15.6447,30.2461 -15.6321,30.2549 -15.6289,30.2801 -15.6323,30.2962 -15.639,30.3281 -15.6524,30.3567 -15.6515,30.3963 -15.636,30.3977 -15.7168,30.3993 -15.812,30.4013 -15.9317,30.4026 -16.0012,30.5148 -16.0004,30.5866 -16,30.7497 -15.9989,30.8574 -15.9981,30.9019 -16.0071,30.9422 -16.0345,30.9583 -16.0511,30.9731 -16.062,30.9898 -16.0643,31.012 -16.0549,31.0237 -16.0452,31.0422 -16.0249,31.0569 -16.0176,31.0654 -16.0196,31.0733 -16.0255,31.0809 -16.0259,31.089 -16.0119,31.1141 -15.9969,31.1585 -16.0002,31.26 -16.0235,31.2789 -16.0303,31.2953 -16.0417,31.3096 -16.059,31.3284 -16.0928,31.3409 -16.1067,31.3603 -16.1169,31.3703 -16.1237,31.3746 -16.1329,31.3778 -16.1422,31.384 -16.1488,31.3877 -16.1496,31.3956 -16.1477,31.3996 -16.1473,31.4043 -16.1499,31.4041 -16.1545,31.4027 -16.1594,31.4046 -16.1623,31.4241 -16.1647,31.4457 -16.165,31.4657 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(29.648505, -15.666588), (29.672793, -15.663281), (29.73005, -15.644677), (29.773252, -15.638062), (29.814283, -15.619666), (29.837331, -15.614808), (29.881773, -15.618839), (29.967504, -15.641473), (30.010654, -15.646227)]), 6)

0.45539

Input parameters

Returned value

polygonsIntersectionCartesian

Calculates the intersection of polygons.

Example

SELECT wkt(polygonsIntersectionCartesian([[[(0., 0.), (0., 3.), (1., 2.9), (2., 2.6), (2.6, 2.), (2.9, 1.), (3., 0.), (0., 0.)]]], [[[(1., 1.), (1., 4.), (4., 4.), (4., 1.), (1., 1.)]]]))

MULTIPOLYGON(((1 2.9,2 2.6,2.6 2,2.9 1,1 1,1 2.9)))

Input parameters

Polygons

Returned value

MultiPolygon

polygonAreaCartesian

Calculates the area of a polygon

Example

SELECT polygonAreaCartesian([[[(0., 0.), (0., 5.), (5., 5.), (5., 0.)]]])

25

Input parameters

Polygon

Returned value

Float64

polygonPerimeterCartesian

Calculates the perimeter of a polygon.

Example

SELECT polygonPerimeterCartesian([[[(0., 0.), (0., 5.), (5., 5.), (5., 0.)]]])

15

Input parameters

Polygon

Returned value

Float64

polygonsUnionCartesian

Calculates the union of polygons.

Example

SELECT wkt(polygonsUnionCartesian([[[(0., 0.), (0., 3.), (1., 2.9), (2., 2.6), (2.6, 2.), (2.9, 1), (3., 0.), (0., 0.)]]], [[[(1., 1.), (1., 4.), (4., 4.), (4., 1.), (1., 1.)]]]))

MULTIPOLYGON(((1 2.9,1 4,4 4,4 1,2.9 1,3 0,0 0,0 3,1 2.9)))

Input parameters

Polygons

Returned value

MultiPolygon

For more information on geometry systems, see this presentation about the Boost library, which is what ClickHouse uses.