ClickHouse/docs/ja/sql-reference/functions/geo/polygon.md

slug	sidebar_label	title
/ja/sql-reference/functions/geo/polygons	Polygons	多角形を操作するための関数

WKT

さまざまな地理データ型からWKT (Well Known Text) 地理オブジェクトを返します。サポートされているWKTオブジェクトは以下の通りです：

• POINT
• POLYGON
• MULTIPOLYGON
• LINESTRING
• MULTILINESTRING

構文

WKT(geo_data)

パラメータ

geo_dataは、以下のいずれかの地理データ型またはその基礎的なプリミティブ型である必要があります：

• Point
• Ring
• Polygon
• MultiPolygon
• LineString
• MultiLineString

戻り値

• WKT地理オブジェクトのPOINTはPointの場合に返されます。
• WKT地理オブジェクトのPOLYGONはPolygonの場合に返されます。
• WKT地理オブジェクトのMULTIPOLYGONはMultiPolygonの場合に返されます。
• WKT地理オブジェクトのLINESTRINGはLineStringの場合に返されます。
• WKT地理オブジェクトのMULTILINESTRINGはMultiLineStringの場合に返されます。

例

タプルからPOINTを得る：

SELECT wkt((0., 0.));

POINT(0 0)

タプル配列またはタプル配列の配列からPOLYGONを得る：

SELECT wkt([(0., 0.), (10., 0.), (10., 10.), (0., 10.)]);

POLYGON((0 0,10 0,10 10,0 10))

多次元タプル配列からMULTIPOLYGONを得る：

SELECT wkt([[[(0., 0.), (10., 0.), (10., 10.), (0., 10.)], [(4., 4.), (5., 4.), (5., 5.), (4., 5.)]], [[(-10., -10.), (-10., -9.), (-9., 10.)]]]);

MULTIPOLYGON(((0 0,10 0,10 10,0 10,0 0),(4 4,5 4,5 5,4 5,4 4)),((-10 -10,-10 -9,-9 10,-10 -10)))

readWKTMultiPolygon

WKT (Well Known Text) のMultiPolygonをMultiPolygon型に変換します。

例

SELECT
    toTypeName(readWKTMultiPolygon('MULTIPOLYGON(((2 0,10 0,10 10,0 10,2 0),(4 4,5 4,5 5,4 5,4 4)),((-10 -10,-10 -9,-9 10,-10 -10)))')) AS type,
    readWKTMultiPolygon('MULTIPOLYGON(((2 0,10 0,10 10,0 10,2 0),(4 4,5 4,5 5,4 5,4 4)),((-10 -10,-10 -9,-9 10,-10 -10)))') AS output FORMAT Markdown

type	output
MultiPolygon	[(2,0),(10,0),(10,10),(0,10),(2,0)],[(4,4),(5,4),(5,5),(4,5),(4,4),(-10,-10),(-10,-9),(-9,10),(-10,-10)]

入力パラメータ

MULTIPOLYGONで始まる文字列

戻り値

MultiPolygon

readWKTPolygon

WKT (Well Known Text) のMultiPolygonをPolygon型に変換します。

例

SELECT
    toTypeName(readWKTPolygon('POLYGON((2 0,10 0,10 10,0 10,2 0))')) AS type,
    readWKTPolygon('POLYGON((2 0,10 0,10 10,0 10,2 0))') AS output
FORMAT Markdown

type	output
Polygon	(2,0),(10,0),(10,10),(0,10),(2,0)

入力パラメータ

POLYGONで始まる文字列

戻り値

Polygon

readWKTPoint

ClickHouseのreadWKTPoint関数は、Well-Known Text (WKT) 表記のPointジオメトリを解析し、ClickHouseの内部フォーマットでポイントを返します。

構文

readWKTPoint(wkt_string)

引数

• wkt_string: Pointジオメトリを表す入力WKT文字列。

戻り値

関数はClickHouse内部表現のPointジオメトリを返します。

例

SELECT readWKTPoint('POINT (1.2 3.4)');

(1.2,3.4)

readWKTLineString

Well-Known Text (WKT) 表記のLineStringジオメトリを解析し、ClickHouseの内部フォーマットとして返します。

構文

readWKTLineString(wkt_string)

引数

• wkt_string: LineStringジオメトリを表す入力WKT文字列。

戻り値

関数はClickHouse内部表現のlinestringジオメトリを返します。

例

SELECT readWKTLineString('LINESTRING (1 1, 2 2, 3 3, 1 1)');

[(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,1)]

readWKTMultiLineString

Well-Known Text (WKT) 表記のMultiLineStringジオメトリを解析し、ClickHouseの内部フォーマットとして返します。

構文

readWKTMultiLineString(wkt_string)

引数

• wkt_string: MultiLineStringジオメトリを表す入力WKT文字列。

戻り値

関数はClickHouse内部表現のmultilinestringジオメトリを返します。

例

SELECT readWKTMultiLineString('MULTILINESTRING ((1 1, 2 2, 3 3), (4 4, 5 5, 6 6))');

[[(1,1),(2,2),(3,3)],[(4,4),(5,5),(6,6)]]

readWKTRing

Well-Known Text (WKT) 表記のPolygonジオメトリを解析し、ClickHouseの内部フォーマットとしてリング（閉じたラインストリング）を返します。

構文

readWKTRing(wkt_string)

引数

• wkt_string: Polygonジオメトリを表す入力WKT文字列。

戻り値

関数はClickHouse内部表現のリング（閉じたラインストリング）ジオメトリを返します。

例

SELECT readWKTRing('POLYGON ((1 1, 2 2, 3 3, 1 1))');

[(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,1)]

polygonsWithinSpherical

一つの多角形がもう一つの多角形の中に完全に収まっているかどうかを判定して、trueまたはfalseを返します。参照: https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_62_0/libs/geometry/doc/html/geometry/reference/algorithms/within/within_2.html

例

select polygonsWithinSpherical([[[(4.3613577, 50.8651821), (4.349556, 50.8535879), (4.3602419, 50.8435626), (4.3830299, 50.8428851), (4.3904543, 50.8564867), (4.3613148, 50.8651279)]]], [[[(4.346693, 50.858306), (4.367945, 50.852455), (4.366227, 50.840809), (4.344961, 50.833264), (4.338074, 50.848677), (4.346693, 50.858306)]]]);

0

入力パラメータ

戻り値

UInt8, 0はfalse、1はtrue

polygonsDistanceSpherical

一方の多角形に属するポイントともう一方の多角形に属するポイントとの最小距離を計算します。球面とは、座標が純粋かつ理想的な球上の座標として解釈されることを意味します。地球にとってはこれは正確ではありません。このタイプの座標系を使用すると、実行が速まりますが、もちろん精度は低下します。

例

SELECT polygonsDistanceSpherical([[[(0, 0), (0, 0.1), (0.1, 0.1), (0.1, 0)]]], [[[(10., 10.), (10., 40.), (40., 40.), (40., 10.), (10., 10.)]]])

0.24372872211133834

入力パラメータ

2つの多角形

戻り値

Float64

polygonsDistanceCartesian

2つの多角形間の距離を計算します。

例

SELECT polygonsDistanceCartesian([[[(0, 0), (0, 0.1), (0.1, 0.1), (0.1, 0)]]], [[[(10., 10.), (10., 40.), (40., 40.), (40., 10.), (10., 10.)]]])

14.000714267493642

入力パラメータ

2つの多角形

戻り値

Float64

polygonsEqualsCartesian

2つの多角形が等しい場合にtrueを返します。

例

SELECT polygonsEqualsCartesian([[[(1., 1.), (1., 4.), (4., 4.), (4., 1.)]]], [[[(1., 1.), (1., 4.), (4., 4.), (4., 1.), (1., 1.)]]])

1

入力パラメータ

2つの多角形

戻り値

UInt8, 0はfalse、1はtrue

polygonsSymDifferenceSpherical

2つの多角形間の空間集合理論的な対称差（XOR）を計算します。

例

SELECT wkt(arraySort(polygonsSymDifferenceSpherical([[(50., 50.), (50., -50.), (-50., -50.), (-50., 50.), (50., 50.)], [(10., 10.), (10., 40.), (40., 40.), (40., 10.), (10., 10.)], [(-10., -10.), (-10., -40.), (-40., -40.), (-40., -10.), (-10., -10.)]], [[(-20., -20.), (-20., 20.), (20., 20.), (20., -20.), (-20., -20.)]])));

MULTIPOLYGON(((-20 -10.3067,-10 -10,-10 -20.8791,-20 -20,-20 -10.3067)),((10 20.8791,20 20,20 10.3067,10 10,10 20.8791)),((50 50,50 -50,-50 -50,-50 50,50 50),(20 10.3067,40 10,40 40,10 40,10 20.8791,-20 20,-20 -10.3067,-40 -10,-40 -40,-10 -40,-10 -20.8791,20 -20,20 10.3067)))

入力パラメータ

多角形

戻り値

MultiPolygon

polygonsSymDifferenceCartesian

polygonsSymDifferenceSphericalと同様ですが、座標系はCartesian座標系です。これは実際の地球のモデルにより近いです。

例

SELECT wkt(polygonsSymDifferenceCartesian([[[(0, 0), (0, 3), (1, 2.9), (2, 2.6), (2.6, 2), (2.9, 1), (3, 0), (0, 0)]]], [[[(1., 1.), (1., 4.), (4., 4.), (4., 1.), (1., 1.)]]]))

MULTIPOLYGON(((1 2.9,1 1,2.9 1,3 0,0 0,0 3,1 2.9)),((1 2.9,1 4,4 4,4 1,2.9 1,2.6 2,2 2.6,1 2.9)))

入力パラメータ

多角形

戻り値

MultiPolygon

polygonsIntersectionSpherical

多角形間の交差（AND）を計算し、座標は球面です。

例

SELECT wkt(arrayMap(a -> arrayMap(b -> arrayMap(c -> (round(c.1, 6), round(c.2, 6)), b), a), polygonsIntersectionSpherical([[[(4.3613577, 50.8651821), (4.349556, 50.8535879), (4.3602419, 50.8435626), (4.3830299, 50.8428851), (4.3904543, 50.8564867), (4.3613148, 50.8651279)]]], [[[(4.346693, 50.858306), (4.367945, 50.852455), (4.366227, 50.840809), (4.344961, 50.833264), (4.338074, 50.848677), (4.346693, 50.858306)]]])))

MULTIPOLYGON(((4.3666 50.8434,4.36024 50.8436,4.34956 50.8536,4.35268 50.8567,4.36794 50.8525,4.3666 50.8434)))

入力パラメータ

多角形

戻り値

MultiPolygon

polygonsWithinCartesian

2番目の多角形が最初の多角形の中にある場合にtrueを返します。

例

SELECT polygonsWithinCartesian([[[(2., 2.), (2., 3.), (3., 3.), (3., 2.)]]], [[[(1., 1.), (1., 4.), (4., 4.), (4., 1.), (1., 1.)]]])

1

入力パラメータ

2つの多角形

戻り値

UInt8, 0はfalse、1はtrue

polygonConvexHullCartesian

凸包を計算します。参考資料

座標はCartesian座標系です。

例

SELECT wkt(polygonConvexHullCartesian([[[(0., 0.), (0., 5.), (5., 5.), (5., 0.), (2., 3.)]]]))

POLYGON((0 0,0 5,5 5,5 0,0 0))

入力パラメータ

MultiPolygon

戻り値

Polygon

polygonAreaSpherical

多角形の表面積を計算します。

例

SELECT round(polygonAreaSpherical([[[(4.346693, 50.858306), (4.367945, 50.852455), (4.366227, 50.840809), (4.344961, 50.833264), (4.338074, 50.848677), (4.346693, 50.858306)]]]), 14)

9.387704e-8

入力パラメータ

多角形

戻り値

Float

polygonsUnionSpherical

和集合（OR）を計算します。

例

SELECT wkt(polygonsUnionSpherical([[[(4.3613577, 50.8651821), (4.349556, 50.8535879), (4.3602419, 50.8435626), (4.3830299, 50.8428851), (4.3904543, 50.8564867), (4.3613148, 50.8651279)]]], [[[(4.346693, 50.858306), (4.367945, 50.852455), (4.366227, 50.840809), (4.344961, 50.833264), (4.338074, 50.848677), (4.346693, 50.858306)]]]))

MULTIPOLYGON(((4.36661 50.8434,4.36623 50.8408,4.34496 50.8333,4.33807 50.8487,4.34669 50.8583,4.35268 50.8567,4.36136 50.8652,4.36131 50.8651,4.39045 50.8565,4.38303 50.8429,4.36661 50.8434)))

入力パラメータ

多角形

戻り値

MultiPolygon

polygonPerimeterSpherical

多角形の周囲長を計算します。

例

こちらはジンバブエを表す多角形です：

POLYGON((30.0107 -15.6462,30.0502 -15.6401,30.09 -15.6294,30.1301 -15.6237,30.1699 -15.6322,30.1956 -15.6491,30.2072 -15.6532,30.2231 -15.6497,30.231 -15.6447,30.2461 -15.6321,30.2549 -15.6289,30.2801 -15.6323,30.2962 -15.639,30.3281 -15.6524,30.3567 -15.6515,30.3963 -15.636,30.3977 -15.7168,30.3993 -15.812,30.4013 -15.9317,30.4026 -16.0012,30.5148 -16.0004,30.5866 -16,30.7497 -15.9989,30.8574 -15.9981,30.9019 -16.0071,30.9422 -16.0345,30.9583 -16.0511,30.9731 -16.062,30.9898 -16.0643,31.012 -16.0549,31.0237 -16.0452,31.0422 -16.0249,31.0569 -16.0176,31.0654 -16.0196,31.0733 -16.0255,31.0809 -16.0259,31.089 -16.0119,31.1141 -15.9969,31.1585 -16.0002,31.26 -16.0235,31.2789 -16.0303,31.2953 -16.0417,31.3096 -16.059,31.3284 -16.0928,31.3409 -16.1067,31.3603 -16.1169,31.3703 -16.1237,31.3746 -16.1329,31.3778 -16.1422,31.384 -16.1488,31.3877 -16.1496,31.3956 -16.1477,31.3996 -16.1473,31.4043 -16.1499,31.4041 -16.1545,31.4027 -16.1594,31.4046 -16.1623,31.4241 -16.1647,31.4457 -16.165,31.4657 -16.1677,31.4806 -16.178,31.5192 -16.1965,31.6861 -16.2072,31.7107 -16.2179,31.7382 -16.2398,31.7988 -16.3037,31.8181 -16.3196,31.8601 -16.3408,31.8719 -16.3504,31.8807 -16.368,31.8856 -16.4063,31.8944 -16.4215,31.9103 -16.4289,32.0141 -16.4449,32.2118 -16.4402,32.2905 -16.4518,32.3937 -16.4918,32.5521 -16.5534,32.6718 -16.5998,32.6831 -16.6099,32.6879 -16.6243,32.6886 -16.6473,32.6987 -16.6868,32.7252 -16.7064,32.7309 -16.7087,32.7313 -16.7088,32.7399 -16.7032,32.7538 -16.6979,32.7693 -16.6955,32.8007 -16.6973,32.862 -16.7105,32.8934 -16.7124,32.9096 -16.7081,32.9396 -16.6898,32.9562 -16.6831,32.9685 -16.6816,32.9616 -16.7103,32.9334 -16.8158,32.9162 -16.8479,32.9005 -16.8678,32.8288 -16.9351,32.8301 -16.9415,32.8868 -17.0382,32.9285 -17.1095,32.9541 -17.1672,32.9678 -17.2289,32.9691 -17.2661,32.9694 -17.2761,32.9732 -17.2979,32.9836 -17.3178,32.9924 -17.3247,33.0147 -17.3367,33.0216 -17.3456,33.0225 -17.3615,33.0163 -17.3772,33.0117 -17.384,32.9974 -17.405,32.9582 -17.4785,32.9517 -17.4862,32.943 -17.4916,32.9366 -17.4983,32.9367 -17.5094,32.9472 -17.5432,32.9517 -17.5514,32.9691 -17.5646,33.0066 -17.581,33.0204 -17.5986,33.0245 -17.6192,33.0206 -17.6385,33.0041 -17.6756,33.0002 -17.7139,33.0032 -17.7577,32.9991 -17.7943,32.9736 -17.8106,32.957 -17.818,32.9461 -17.8347,32.9397 -17.8555,32.9369 -17.875,32.9384 -17.8946,32.9503 -17.9226,32.9521 -17.9402,32.9481 -17.9533,32.9404 -17.96,32.9324 -17.9649,32.9274 -17.9729,32.929 -17.9823,32.9412 -17.9963,32.9403 -18.0048,32.9349 -18.0246,32.9371 -18.0471,32.9723 -18.1503,32.9755 -18.1833,32.9749 -18.1908,32.9659 -18.2122,32.9582 -18.2254,32.9523 -18.233,32.9505 -18.2413,32.955 -18.2563,32.9702 -18.2775,33.0169 -18.3137,33.035 -18.3329,33.0428 -18.352,33.0381 -18.3631,33.0092 -18.3839,32.9882 -18.4132,32.9854 -18.4125,32.9868 -18.4223,32.9995 -18.4367,33.003 -18.4469,32.9964 -18.4671,32.9786 -18.4801,32.9566 -18.4899,32.9371 -18.501,32.9193 -18.51,32.9003 -18.5153,32.8831 -18.5221,32.8707 -18.5358,32.8683 -18.5526,32.8717 -18.5732,32.8845 -18.609,32.9146 -18.6659,32.9223 -18.6932,32.9202 -18.7262,32.9133 -18.753,32.9025 -18.7745,32.8852 -18.7878,32.8589 -18.79,32.8179 -18.787,32.7876 -18.7913,32.6914 -18.8343,32.6899 -18.8432,32.6968 -18.8972,32.7032 -18.9119,32.7158 -18.9198,32.7051 -18.9275,32.6922 -18.9343,32.6825 -18.9427,32.6811 -18.955,32.6886 -18.9773,32.6903 -18.9882,32.6886 -19.001,32.6911 -19.0143,32.699 -19.0222,32.7103 -19.026,32.7239 -19.0266,32.786 -19.0177,32.8034 -19.0196,32.8142 -19.0238,32.82 -19.0283,32.823 -19.0352,32.8253 -19.0468,32.8302 -19.0591,32.8381 -19.0669,32.8475 -19.0739,32.8559 -19.0837,32.8623 -19.1181,32.8332 -19.242,32.8322 -19.2667,32.8287 -19.2846,32.8207 -19.3013,32.8061 -19.3234,32.7688 -19.3636,32.7665 -19.3734,32.7685 -19.4028,32.7622 -19.4434,32.7634 -19.464,32.7739 -19.4759,32.7931 -19.4767,32.8113 -19.4745,32.8254 -19.4792,32.8322 -19.5009,32.8325 -19.5193,32.8254 -19.5916,32.8257 -19.6008,32.8282 -19.6106,32.8296 -19.6237,32.8254 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